Aerodynamics Lecture 1 Chapter 1. What is Aerodynamics? How does the text define Aerodynamics?
An Aerodynamics Master Class · Willem Toet Senior Sales Manager Aerodynamic Services SAUBER...
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An Aerodynamics Master Class Willem Toet Senior Sales Manager Aerodynamic Services SAUBER Aerodynamik AG • Large CFD cluster, new 2018, extended 2019 • In house developed model positional setup and meshing software automates preparation • In house solver constantly evolved, & tuned together with universities and correlation team – great results, fast, many categories • Bespoke turbulence models and solver settings have further improved accuracy • Post processing automated, saves man time, report writing aids speed up communication of results CFD - State of the art computational tools Aerodynamics is FUN Or in compact vector form: Mx S x w z u z x v y u y u x u x x p Dt Du + + + + + + + - = m m l m r . 2 My S y w z v z u y v y x v y u x y p Dt Dv + + + + + + + - = m l m m r . 2 Mz S u z w z y w z v y x w z u x z p Dt Dw + + + + + + + - = . 2 l m m m r ( ) Mx S u x p u u t u + + - = + ) .( ) .( m r r ( ) My S v y p u v t v + + - = + ) .( ) .( m r r ( ) Mz S w z p u w t w + + - = + ) .( ) .( m r r The Navier-Stokes Equations .... Aerodynamics is FUN Aerodynamics should be simple, it’s just air, right? Well, not exactly,
Transcript of An Aerodynamics Master Class · Willem Toet Senior Sales Manager Aerodynamic Services SAUBER...
An Aerodynamics Master Class
Willem ToetSenior Sales Manager
Aerodynamic Services
SAUBER Aerodynamics
SAUBER Aerodynamik AG
• Large CFD cluster, new 2018, extended 2019
• In house developed model positional setup and
meshing software automates preparation
• In house solver constantly evolved, & tuned
together with universities and correlation team –
great results, fast, many categories
• Bespoke turbulence models and solver settings
have further improved accuracy
• Post processing automated, saves man time,
report writing aids speed up communication of
results
CFD - State of the art computational toolsAerodynamics is FUN
Or in compact vector form:
MxSx
w
z
u
zx
v
y
u
yu
x
u
xx
p
Dt
Du+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-= mmlmr .2
MySy
w
z
v
zu
y
v
yx
v
y
u
xy
p
Dt
Dv+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-= mlmmr .2
MzSuz
w
zy
w
z
v
yx
w
z
u
xz
p
Dt
Dw+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-= .2 lmmmr
( )MxSu
x
puu
t
u++
-=+
).().( mr
r
( )MySv
y
puv
t
v++
-=+
).().( mr
r
( )MzSw
z
puw
t
w++
-=+
).().( mr
r
The Navier-Stokes Equations ....
Aerodynamics is FUN Aerodynamics should be simple, it’s just air, right?
Well, not exactly,
Air molecules (Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon Dioxide, Water
vapour etc.) are small – there are on average about
2,962,500 molecules in a line a that’s a centimetre long
So in a cubic centimetre there are about
2,962,500 X 2,962,500 X 2,962,500
molecules
= 26,000,103,515,625,000,000
Molecules (roughly)
That’s why you can think of air as a
continuous “fluid”
10mm
10mm
At room temperature air is constantly moving
We call this “Brownian Motion” after the
botanist Robert Brown, a keen
microscope user. In 1827, he observed
that tiny pollen particles jiggled around in
water in a random fashion. Nearly 80
years later in 1905 Albert Einstein
explained how this motion was caused by
the pollen being moved by individual
water molecules. This was one of
Einstein’s first big contributions to science.
This explanation provided further
evidence that atoms and molecules exist
– it was still new science then.
Aerodynamics is FUNAerodynamics is FUN
Aerodynamics is FUNBernoulli simply explained
Colour = CpTotal (energy in the flow)
with LIC - line integrated convolution = simulated oil flow
Bernoulli simply explained
Velocity (U-Mean) and Static (e.g. surface) Pressure
• This is what can happen when something goes wrong… and aerodynamics caused this
Motorsport is Dangerous – Safety is vital
Movie of Marcus Ericsson Monza Crash 2018
– thanks to Formula 1
Use of vorticity to manage airflow when it is not possible to manage it
directly (F1 regulations prevent it)
Wheels are just wheels, Right?
Well, perhaps not…
Wheels are just wheels, Right?
Well, perhaps not…Brake cooling arrangements
Can be hard to understand
For 2017 (and 2018) – rules allowed MORE aero freedom – opposite of 50 years of regulation evolution
General wake formation of a Formula 1 Car
• Rear wing wake pulled up high (except when DRS is open)
• Front tyre wake very wide – has evolved over the years
4m from front bulkhead6m
10m8m
14m
12m16m
22m
20m
40m
26m
24m
30m
28m32m From Front
Bulkhead
36m
34m
18m
38m
Wake at rear of car 4 Metres from front bulkhead and at the
“Rear of the car” – this is a 2017 early design
– actually this plane cuts through the rear flap of the rear wing
1 Metre behind rear of car – 1 Metre behind previous slide 4 Metres behind rear of car
6 Metres behind rear of car 11 Metres behind rear of car
16 Metres behind rear of car Why new rules for 2021?
Questions?
by Willem Toet
https://www.linkedin.com/in/willemtoet1/
