Amoeba

Vanessa YapTamara MaEvan SneeChristian SurniawanAMOEBAFormal ClassificationCells contain a nucleus & other membrane bound organelles

Organelles floating in cytoplasm

Formal ClassificationDomain: Eukaryota Formal ClassificationDomain: Eukaryota

http://www.daviddarling.info/images/cell_types.gifFormal ClassificationProtista = Protists

All eukaryotic

Mostly unicellular

Greek god of the Sea - Proteus

Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Protista (but note that the the kingdom Protista has been abandoned (p. 617 Reece et al.)

http://content60.eol.org/content/2012/09/25/15/57080_orig.jpgFormal ClassificationEukaryotic

Unicellular

No colour, transparent, changes shape

Genus: AmoebaFormal ClassificationPrefer moist environments

Puddles, pondsSalt water AnimalsHumansWet soil

Genus: AmoebaSpecies Proteus Naegleria fowleri

http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgsep01/amoebaproteus450.jpgAmoeba Anatomy

Amoeba AnatomyNucleus: Genetic info and control center

Reproduction: Amoebas reproduce through Mitotic Cell Division (Binary Fission)

Cell Membrane: Holds it all together and is semi permeable allowing it to breathe through the process of Cellular Respiration. The intake of O2 and output of CO2

Amoeba AnatomyFood Vacuole- Stores food and forms ONLY after the Amoeba engulfs its prey through Phagocytosis. Digestive enzymes in the vacuole break down the food into nutrients The Amoeba preys on things such as algae, bacteria, plant cells, protozoa and metazoa (multicellular organisms)Cytoplasm- Absorbs the nutrients broken down from the enzymes and also aids in movement of the AmoebaContractile Vacuole- Recycles H2O content and excretes waste

Pseudopods A unique characteristic of the Amoeba

Amoebas move and feed by pseudopods

Amoeba AnatomyThey are an extension of cytoplasm that result in a change in viscosity. They come off of the cell surface of the Amoeba and grasp onto things allowing for Amoeboid Movement

The pseudopod also allows for the Amoeba to eat as it engulfs its food by surrounding it and engulfing it through Phagocytosis Remember: The food is engulfed by the pseudopod and then after the food vacuole is formed

Amoeba Anatomyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pvOz4V699gkPseudopod engulfing food

Amoeba AnatomyFig. 2Ecology of the AmoebaLive primarily in soils and ponds and prey upon bacteria. Also found in sewage systems, the air, within vertebrates, and many other places. Where there is bacteria, there are amoeba. Amoeba also eat algae, which is why they so densely populate ponds and lakes. Despite their small size, their numbers can keep an entire lakes worth of algae at bay.Live within first 30 micrometres underwaterAlso rest on submerged plants and animals

Fig. 1Amoebas Living Condition FactorspH

Temperature

Amount of sulfhydric acid Salinity

Ecology of the AmoebaAmoeba can carry lethal diseases to humans, such as Legionella pneumophilia Causes Legionnaires Disease, fever, chills, cough, vomit, abnormal heart rateAmoeba can also be helpful however, and have been put to use in sewage facilities, as well as on tree roots to prey upon intruding bacteria.Further tests are being done to determine the amoebas true importance in the environment.

Important ecologically and medically

They are at the base of food web in aquatic and terrestrial communities

Prey on bacteria purifies water supplySignificanceUsed in research to determine the interactions and functions of cytoplasm with nucleus

Using the simple cell to understand how human proteins mutate to treat Alzheimer's

SignificanceUseful in studying:

Phagocytosis - engulfing a microorganism to digest because it is a protist

Signal transduction molecular signals of a cell for appropriate responsesSignificanceChemotaxis the movement of an organism/cell by certain chemicalsEx. swimming towards delicious food, or away from poison

Cellular differentiation

SignificanceCell motility the process cell movements as it develops and maintains an organismCytokinesis process where the cytoplasm divides to produce two daughter cells

Used to understand how drugs function for medical treatments

SignificanceT/F: Amoebas feed on algae, bacteria, humans and plant cells.TrueHow does an Amoeba move?PseudopodsAmoebas serve what purpose in their natural environment?Eating bacteria What was the name of the Greek god that the first organism resembling an amoeba was named after? Greek god of the Sea - ProteusQUESTIONSWhat show are the Amoeba Boys featured in?

Power Puff Girls

BONUS Question

ReferencesAuthor unknown. Protista (Amoeba). http://leavingbio.net/amoeba/amoeba.htm. (Accessed 23 September 2014).

Azcapotzalco D.F. 1994. Ecology of free-living amoebae, Vol. 20, No. 3, Pages 225-241

Enchanted Learning. 2001. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/protists/amoeba.shtml. (Accessed 24 September 2014).

Council-Garcia, C. UNM Biology Undergraduate Labs. Retrieved September 30, 2014, from http://biology.unm.edu/ccouncil/Biology_203/Summaries/Protists.htmDeNoon, D. (2011, August 18). Brain-Eating Amoeba FAQ. Retrieved September 30, 2014, from http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=148425Figure 1: http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/1112442335/close-family-ties-keep-microbial-cheaters-in-check/. (Accessed 22 September 2014). Figure 2. http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imagsmall/amoebafeeding3.jpg. (Accessed 25 September 2014).

ReferencesMcIver, S. (n.d.). The Amoebae. Retrieved September 30, 2014, from http://www.bms.ed.ac.uk/research/others/smaciver/amoebae.htmPainter, T. (2014, January 1). Amoeba. Retrieved September 30, 2014, from http://www.fcps.edu/islandcreekes/ecology/amoeba.htmPatterson, David J. Amoebae: Protists Which Move and Feed Using Pseudopodia. 2000. http://tolweb.org/notes/?note_id=51. (Accessed 22 September 2014). PJ, Footler. Useful Social Amoeba. 19 February 2014. http://www.pharmaceutical-journal.com/opinion/blogs/useful-social-amoeba/11134640.blog. (Accessed 24 September 2014).ReferencesRoger, Andersen, and Andrew Rogerson. January 2011. http://www.els.net/WileyCDA/ElsArticle/refId-a0001961.html. (Accessed 23 September 2014).RT. Simple Amoeba Can Help Fight Alzheimers Research. 26 January 2014. http://rt.com/news/uk-science-amoeba-alzheimer-215/. (Accessed 22 September 2014).The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. Amoeba. 3 March 2014. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/21174/amoeba. (Accessed 24 September 2014).

References