always keep in mind… arrangement emphasis contrast repetition alignment proximity.
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Transcript of always keep in mind… arrangement emphasis contrast repetition alignment proximity.
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always keep in mind…• arrangement
• emphasis
• contrast
• repetition
• alignment
• proximity
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anatomy of a chart
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Axes
axis x(value axis)
axis y (category axis)
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Data Points
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Trend Lines or Plots
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Labels
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Title
Weather Data for Cambridge, MA (source: Weather.com)
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font size in axis labels is too small for a
presentation
crossing ticks in
corners are distracting
(“chartjunk”)
overlap of label with
lines causes an info jumble
Clutter
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represent complex data in columns and rowsor as an underlying grid to arrange information
tables
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show pieces of a whole; represent percentages
Figure 2: Leading Causes of Death for Youth and Adults (2003)
pie charts
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used to represent one data groupsimple bar charts
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used to represent more than one data group complex bar charts
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used to plot interval dataline graphs
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used to plot data pointsscatter plots
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organizational chartsused to reflect/show hierarchy
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follow spatial contours; used to geographically/spatially represent data
data maps
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data represented by picturespictograms or pictographs
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bad, bad data displays
• labels are almost impossible to read
• arrangement of information makes no sense
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• just because you can does not mean you should…
• 3D effects and arrangement completely obscure information
• flattened text is difficult to read and associate with the data
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• pie charts are used to show percentages, but there are no percentages here
• size of pies makes it difficult to interpret data
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• what’s the point? what is this telling us?
• if this chart is supposed to reveal trends in overall consumption, a pie chart should be used to reveal percentages
• if this chart is supposed to compare consumption across the week, a bar chart would work best
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• if this chart is supposed to reveal trends in overall consumption, a pie chart should be used to reveal percentages
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• if this chart is supposed to compare consumption across the week, a bar chart would work best
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• different types of plot lines (i.e., black line and red line) not explained
• equations clutter the chart
• is “Surveyor vs. RIPE” the title of the chart? if so, it should be in a different font face and size from the axis labels > there’s no contrast here to cue us in
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• bar chart is absolutely unnecessary
• scale is too large for data displayed
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• too much data!
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how to lie with data displays
large scales hide changes
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drastic scalingemphases changes
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level of detail can obscureor reveal important information
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good, descriptive labels are crucialto reveal meaning and purpose
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certain formatting options canvisually overemphasize information
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1. launch Microsoft Word
2. in a new document, select Insert Picture Chart
creating data displays
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a few thoughts for data displays…
• This often takes longer than you think it will—be sure to give yourself the time you’ll need to work on them
• Refer back to this PowerPoint to make sure you’re using the correct display for your data
• make sure to title and label your data displays appropriately (Word, Excel, and whatever other applications you use might provide some template/help with this, but you might have to access deeper features to add labels not default-offered by the application)
• Your data displays are due with your rough draft