Scott Card, Orson - Saga de Alvin Maker - 3 - Alvin El Aprendiz
Alvin Seiff Award Ceremony San Jose, June 17, 2013
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Transcript of Alvin Seiff Award Ceremony San Jose, June 17, 2013
Soviet Landers on the Moon and Planets
Mikhail Marov Academician, Russian Academy of Sciences Vernadsky Institute, Moscow
Alvin Seiff Award Ceremony San Jose, June 17, 2013
The Main Milestones (with Recipient Participation) The Moon
• Luna 9 – first soft landing on the Moon• Luna 16, 20, 24 – first automatic lunar soil return• Luna 17, 21 – first lunar rovers Lunokhod 1,2
Venus
• Venera 4,5,6 – first descending/in situ measurements in the Venus atmosphere
• Venera 7,8 – first landing on the Venus surface and direct measurements on the surface
• Venera 9-14 – first b/w and color surface images
Mars
• Mars 3 - first soft landing on Mars• Mars 6 - first in situ measurements in the
atmosphere
Luna 9 - The first lunar soft lander, Feb 3, 1966
Luna 13 – Dec 24, 1966
Venera 4 - Inside the Venusian Atmosphere Oct 18, 1967
CO2 >90%N2 < 2.5%O2 0.4-1.6%H2O 0.05-0.70 %
Last T - 262 CLast P - 18 barAltitude - 24 km…
Derived @ surface: 442 C 90 bar
Venera 5 and 6 follow up in May 1969 – both cease at 27 bar, 18 km
New Robotic Lunar Rovers and Sample Return Spacecraft
Rover Sample Return
Luna 16
Luna 17
Used new Proton-K launcher
Robotic Lunar Rovers and Sample Return
Rover Launch History1969, Feb 19 Launch failure1970, Nov 10 Luna 17/Lunokhod 11973, Jan 8 Luna 21/Lunokhod 2
Sample Return Launch History1969, Jun 14 Launch failure1969, Jul 13 Luna 15, crashed1969, Sep 23 Launch failure1969, Oct 22 Launch failure1969, Feb 6 Launch failure1970, Sep 12 Luna 16, success1971, Sep 2 Luna 18, failed at landing1972, Feb 14 Luna 20, success1974 Nov 2 Luna 23, damaged on landing1975, Oct 16 Launch failure1976, Aug 9 Luna 24, success
First Lunar SampleReturn – Luna 16
First Robotic Lunar Rover - Lunokhod 1
Robotic Lunar Rovers and Sample Return
Lunokhod 1 Panoramas Lunokhod 2 lander
Robotic Lunar Rovers and Sample Return
Luna 16
First landing on Venus Dec 15, 1970, Venera 7
1970Venera 7 launch Aug 17, 19702nd launch fails Aug 22, 1970
Venera 7 lands Dec 15, 1970
Venera 7 s/c
Venera 7 capsule
1972Venera 8 launch Mar 27, 19722nd launch fails Mar 31, 1972
Venera 8 lands Jul 22, 1972
Entry System Deployment
First landing on Mars Dec 2, 1971, Mars 3
Descent Sequence
Lander Deployed
Mars 2 crashedMars 3 lander fails 2 min after landing
First Mars Lander Mars 3
First Direct Atmospheric Measurements with Mars 6 Lander
Launched two orbiters and two flyby/landersVirtual copies of the Mars 3 spacecraftExcept for a crucial substitution of a transistorAll spacecraft plagued with onboard failures
Mars 4,5 Mars 6,7
Acknowledgements
I acknowledge the decision of the Alvin Seiff Award Committee and am proud to receive this prestigious award.
Slides in this presentation are partially taken from Wes Huntress and Mikhail Marov talk The Soviet Robotic Lunar & Planetary Exploration Program based on the author’s book Soviet Robots in the Solar System, SPRINGER_PRAXIS, 2011, presented at the Conference SSE@50, Oct 25-26, 2012.
I am grateful to Mike Wright for his suggestion to submit this presentation and to deliver it during the Ceremony.