Alternative hybrid UF-SAT or SAT-NF treatments to upgrade ... · Alternative hybrid UF-SAT or...
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3/4/2009
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Alternative hybrid UF-SAT or SAT-NF treatments to upgrade effluent quality
Switch, Belo Horizonte, Nov 2008, Avi Aharoni ,Mekorot
Avi AharoniMekorot, Israel National water Co.
Israel’s National Water Supply System
Israel’s National Water Supply System
Haifa
Sea of GalileeStormwater
JerusalemTel Aviv
water recharge
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Eilat
8
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Israel’s National Water Supply
Israel’s National Water Supply
Annual Water Consumption in million m3 (m.c.m.)
73479 7051,518
14644454644
0 %
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
OthersMekorot
l
Western Galilee BasinsKinneret and
Golan Basins
Carmel Basin
Coastal BasinEastern Basins
Mountain Basin(Yarkon -Taninim)
Negev Basins
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Based on 2007 figures
Total 2,062 123 1,159 880
0 %
644 44 454 1461,518 79 705 734
ResidentialIndustry AgricultureTotal
Others
MekorotArava BasinsWatershed
Water consumption and wastewater production in Israel (Mm3/Year)
(100 Mm3/Year to Jordan and Palestine)
2,062 Water SupplyWastewater
600
900
1,100
1,400
1,700
880
1,159
2,000
orot
1,
400
(68%
)
400
550
700
850
1,000
445490510
900
%%
360
%%
Wastewater
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100
300
600
123Mek
o (
100
250 96%
57%
75%
91%
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The Main Water Problems in Israel
Pollution and salinization of part of the coastal aquifer due to the intensive urbanization industrialaquifer due to the intensive urbanization, industrial pollution and agriculture activities
Intensive urbanization - change from extensive to intensive wastewater treatments methods
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Scarcity of natural water sources - very high effluent reuse
Dan Region WWTP and Reclamation project
140 Mcm3/year
2.0 million p.e.
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SAT basins – divided to sub-basins
Soil Aquifer TreatmentSoil Aquifer TreatmentView from a sub-basin at the beginning of the filling cycle and a soil treatment machine
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Cross Section of the Soil and Aquifer under the Recharge Area Detention time: Detention time: 66--12 12 monthsmonths
Third Line lsupply area
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PROBLEMS IN THE SAT SYSTEM
During the 30 years of operation:
1. Deterioration in Recharge Capacity (OM, Temp, Rain)
2. Bio-fouling of Effluent Pipelines( Before and after SAT)
3. Mn and Fe oxides due to anaerobic conditions in part of the SAT system cause clogging problems in irrigation
t
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systems
4. No more new lands are available for infiltration !!
TREATMENT ALTERNATIVES for the Mn and Fe ProblemTREATMENT ALTERNATIVES for the Mn and Fe Problem
1.shut off wells with high Mn conc’ (more than 500 ppb)ppb)
2.Flushing of the main pipe at the beginning of the irrigation season
3.Mechanical cleaning of the pipe-line (pigging)
4 Automatic control of the flooding – drying cycles
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4.Automatic control of the flooding – drying cycles in SAT system to ensure aerobic conditions in the Vadose zone
5.Researches
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SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS: HYBRID UF-SAT OR SAT-NF TREATMENTS
In order to improve the current extensive method (convetional SAT) and be able to infiltrate more(convetional SAT) and be able to infiltrate more effluents in a given infiltration area two EU Research projects were started in 2005-2006:
The RECLAIM project: UF- short SAT
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The SWITCH project: short SAT-NF
Ultra filtration (UF) of the secondary effluents
THE RECLAIM PROJECT
Ultra-filtration (UF) of the secondary effluents
Dug Well injection at short term (up to two months).
The results from this operation were compared
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p pwith the actual long - term system (up to 12 months SAT).
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RECLAIM PILOT – UF + Short SAT
Fiber filter
UV-MP100 mj
Dug Well
OW -10
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UF0.01 u
OW -10 days
OW -35 days
THE RECLAIM PROJECT RESULTS
UF as pretreatment to SAT: - Increasing of infiltration velocity (10 m/d instead of 1Increasing of infiltration velocity (10 m/d instead of 1 m/d in convetional SAT) - most of the polysaccharides and other clogging material were retained on the UF Short SAT (1-2 month retention time) able to remove :- all N removed- most of C (only 2-3 mg/l DOC left)
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most of C (only 2 3 mg/l DOC left)- P was not removed effectively- High removal of all bacteria and viruses - In comparison to the long SAT (DOC 0.5-1 mg/l), still some micropollutants were present
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RECLAIM PROJECT RESULTS:DOC, COD, CODf
R3 : final short SAT -35 days retention time resultsDan 9:conventional SAT results)
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RECLAIM PROJECT RESULTS:NH4, P
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RECLAIM PROJECT RESULTS Bacterial and virus removal
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RECLAIM PROJECT RESULTS Bacterial and virus removal
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RECLAIM PROJECT RESULTS Bacterial and virus removal
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RECLAIM PROJECT RESULTS: Micropollutants
long range SAT : hardly biodegradable organiclong range SAT : hardly biodegradable organic compounds like Trimetoprim and Carbamazepin, estrogens are removed.
short SAT: partial removal
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IMPORTANCE OF SWITCH RESEARCH: TO CHECK THE PROCESS EFFICIENCY IN COMPARISON TO RECLAIM RESEARCH
An alternative Switch method :
Principle of removal of the clogging material:
* Prefiltration on a sand filter
* Extensive SAT to improve the infiltration velocity
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Extensive SAT to improve the infiltration velocity
*Polishing with a nano-filter (NF) which will remove the micropollutants efficiently
SWITCH PILOT PLANT
Reclamation
well
Sec effl
SAT fields
SAND FILTER3(8X5 m2) – Infiltration 120 m3/d in one field the other two rest
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reservoir
NF
filtrate
brine
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LOCATION OF THE SWITCH PILOT PLANT
The city of Rishon- Le- Tsion
SAT fieldsNF pilot
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Reservoir for secondary effluents
SAND FILTER
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SAT INFILTRATION PONDS AND RECLAMATON WELL
3(8X5 m2) – Infiltration of 120 m3/d in one field the other two rest
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Reclamation well
Switch pilot – status and intermediate results
Completion of 2 tracer tests (Bromide),September 2008: The first infiltration tests with sand filtered secondary effluentsfiltered secondary effluents Sand filter removal:Turbidity: 1 NTU (from 1.5-3 NTU) TSS : 1 mg/l (from 2-4 mg/l). As a result no clogging of the fields is seen even at 3-4 m/d infiltration velocity.Beginning November 2008: Analyses of the first
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Beginning November 2008: Analyses of the first samples after SAT to check if the polysaccharides and other clogging material had been retained by the sand filter and the short SATNovember 2008: Operation of the NF membrane
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SWITCH, TRACER TEST
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The SWITCH PROJECT results till now compared to the conventionl SAT and RECLAIM
Retention time in aquifer before
Expected final effluent
The process The method Infiltration rate pumping quality
Conventional SAT1 day infiltration 2 days relaxation 1 m/d 6-12 months
DOC 0.5-1 mg/l, no bacteria and viruses, most micropollutants removed
UF-Short SATUF prefiltration and short SAT 10 m/d 1-2 month
DOC 2-3 mg/l, no bacteria and viruses, some hardly biodeg. micropollutants not removed
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Short SAT-NF
Sand filter prefiltration, short SAT, NF 3-4 m/d 1-2 month
Final quality after NF expected to be like conventional SAT (not completed yet)