Alphabetical Vocabulary of the Clallum

8/10/2019 Alphabetical Vocabulary of the Clallum

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Alphabetical Vocabularies of the Clallumby George Gibbs

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Title: Alphabetical Vocabularies of the Clallum and Lummi

Author: George Gibbs

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Language: English

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SHEA'S

LIBRARY OF AMERICAN LINGUISTICS.

Alphabetical Vocabularies of the Clallum by George Gibbs 1


2/51

XI.

AMS PRESS, INC. NEW YORK

ALPHABETICAL VOCABULARIES

OF THE

CLALLAM AND LUMMI.

BY

GEORGE GIBBS.

PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.

NEW YORK: CRAMOISY PRESS. 1863.

Transcriber's Note: Obvious printer errors have been corrected. All other inconsistencies are as in the original.

The following less common diacritical marks have been transcribed as follows:

[=a] a with macron [=e] e with macron [=o] o with macron [=u] u with macron

[)a] a with breve [)e] e with breve [)u] u with breve

[oe] oe ligature

^ is used to indicate 'superscript'

A table of contents, though not present in the original, has been provided below:

Preface

Vocabulary of the Clallam A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, W, Y.

Local Nomenclature of the Clallam Tribe

Vocabulary of the Lummi A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, R, S, T, U, W, Y.

Local Nomenclature of the Lummi Tribe

Names of Lummi Chiefs

PREFACE.

The tribe of Clallams, as they are usually called by the residents of Washington Territory--by the neighboring

Indians named S'klalam, and denominated by themselves N[=u]s-kli y[=u]m--inhabit the southern shore of

Fuca Strait, from about the Ok[)e]ho River on the west, to Port Townshend on the east, bordering in the first

direction on the Makahs, sometimes called Classets (the Klaizzart of Jewitt), a tribe of the Nootka family who

inhabit Cape Flattery, and in the other on the Chemakum, like themselves a branch of the Selish, though a yet

more remote one. Their language is the same, with some dialectic differences only, as that of the Songhus and

Sokes of Vancouver Island opposite. It is this which has been referred to by Drs. Scouler and Latham as the



3/51

"Nusdalum," undoubtedly, in the first instance, a misprint.

The Clallam differs materially from the other Selish languages of the Puget Sound country, though less from

the Lummi than the rest. Its noticeable feature is the frequent occurrence of the nasal ng.

The Lummi tribe live on the lower part of a river heading in the Cascade Range, north-east of Mount Baker,

and emptying by two mouths, one into Bellingham Bay, the other into the Gulf of Georgia, the upper watersof which are inhabited by the Nook-sahks (N[=u]k-sk). They are, however, intruders here, their former

country having been a part of the group of islands between the continent and Vancouver Island, to which they

still occasionally resort. Their own name is N[=u]khlum-mi. The Skagits call them N[=u]kh-lsh, and some

of the other tribes H-lum-mi. Their dialectic affinities are rather with the Sannitch of the south-eastern end of

Vancouver Island than with any of the Indians of the main land, and the two probably at one period formed a

single tribe, which more remotely was connected with the Clallams and Songhus. The Simiahmoo

(Si-mi--mu), a small remnant, living on the bay of that name, north of them, belong likewise to this group.

On the south the Lummi adjoin the Samish and other bands of the Skagits, who in language approach the

Nisquallies.

Like the Clallam, their language abounds with the nasalng, both as a prefix and a termination. It has another

peculiarity, in great measure its own, in the broad sound of the letter a, somewhat as in the wordsmass,pass,

but even more prolonged. I have distinguished this in the vocabulary by the italic. The letters f,r,v,z, are

wanting in both languages.

The Clallam and Lummi, as will be observed, contain three classes of cardinals, which I have distinguished as

simple,personal, and ofvaluation, although these terms are not strictly accurate; certain objects, besides men,

being counted by the second, and others, as well as money, by the third; I have never fully ascertained the

distinctions which govern their use. The wordsanimateandinanimatedo not apply; those ofnobleand

ignoble, by which the French Missionaries designated the names of objects in the Algonquin languages,

probably indicate the idea. Mr. Gallatin, in his "Notes on the Semi-Civilized Nations of Mexico," &c.,[A]

mentions the same peculiarity as existing in the Mexican and Maya, in the former of which there are three

different terminations suffixed to the simple numbers, according to the objects denoted. A similar distinctionis found in the Makak language, and traces of it, at least, are observable in the Pima. I imagine that by inquiry

the fact would be found to exist in other Indian tongues. Singularly enough, this feature also characterizes

some of the languages of Micronesia.

[A] Trans. Am. Eth. Soc., vol, i., p. 54.

The affinities of the Clallam and Lummi with the Selish are too obvious to require demonstration. Indeed Dr.

Latham has already classed the former with the Shewhapmukh, or, as he terms it, Atna, of Frazer River, the

northernmost of the Selish dialects. The term Atna, it may be mentioned, is improperly applied as a family

name to these languages, as it is a Tkulli (Athabascan or Chepewyan) word, signifying, according to Mr. A.

C. Anderson, "strangers."

These two vocabularies were collected, the first at Port Townshend, during a residence of a few months, the

other at Simimoo Bay, while I was connected with the N. W. Boundary Commission. Neither of them

underwent more than a partial revision, and inaccuracies have therefore doubtless crept in. They are, however,

sufficiently reliable to afford the basis of extending comparisons with the other Selish and the more northern

coast families.

Transcriber's Note: For greater legibility the letters originally marked as aanduhave been replaced with

and in the vocabularies, except where this would cause a conflict with an existing diacritical.

VOCABULARY OF THE CLALLAM.



4/51

A.

ABOVE, tsits-itl.

ABOARD, si-it-hwu.

AFRAID, s-si-si.

AGAIN, hon-ng.

ALIVE, -y.

ALL, o-hnna;that's all, aukhk.

ALWAYS, wt-an-su;I always work, wt-an-su ch-ai.

ANKLE, tsts-h-kwi-sun.

ARRIVEat,to, tsstsen.

ARM, tsi-is.

ARROW, yetcht.

ARROW HEAD,of wood, katstl;of iron, km-tin-i-in; (km-tm,iron.)

AUTUMN, tchin-st-le.

AXE, s'k[=u]k-m.

B.

BACK,the, stets-ikwn.

BAD, kwaukh, s'h-as.

BARBERRY, "Oregon grape" (berberis), shetchin.

BARBSof fish spear, ts-kwi-ten.

BARK, chai-kh.

BARNACLE, tshngt.

BAT, klat-li-pi--han.

BASKET, mo-hi;cedar bark, t'sh-ikl;fir root, sp'chu.

BEACH, kokh-hwng-u.

BEADS, kw-kwe.



5/51

BEAR,black, s'chi-kwitsh;grizzly, kwi-it-shin.

BEAVER, sk-yau.

BEARD, kwn-tsen.

BEHIND, il-kw-us.

BERRIES (generic), s'ch-yk-w'tl.

BILBERRY, y-hum.

BIRDS: Sea ducks (generic), m-[=o]k. Small land birds (generic), tsit-sm. Crane, si--hu. Crow,

skwa-kwato. Duck, mallard (a. boschas), tenk-sen. Duck, surf (f. perspicillata), kl-yin. Duck, velvet (f.

fusca), ko-matsin-hlai. Duck, harlequin (f. histrionica), ss-su. Duck, scaup (f. marila), swt-st. Duck,

goosander (m. merganser), ko-[=o]kw. Eagles, bald (Haliaetus), kwi-eng-s'n. Eagles, golden (Aquila),

ku-tit-sin-hu. Goose, ykh-h-na. Guillemot, sas-s-mats. Gulls, kwun-n, ku-t-k. Grebes, kla-i-kun.

Grouse, dusky, gn-et. ruffed, st-yu-h[=u]ng. Heron, sn[=o]k-ho. Jay, s'hikh-hai. Pigeon, hm-kh. Raven,

sku-to. Sandpipers, skeks.

BLACK, n-k-ikh, an-nu-kikh.

BLANKET, swishi-atl;of dog's hair, skm-ng-tl.

BLOOD, st-yu-km.

BLUE, ks-ks-shoit, an-nu-kw-o.

BOARD, se-y't-hu.

BODY, ni-chi-chi-ten, n's-tats-kl.

BODY,parts of: Head, sk[=u]ng-i. Hair, si-att'n. Face, sats. Ear, skongs. Eye, ki-in. Nose, nks'n. Mouth,

ts-ts'n. Tongue, tikhwh'lts. Teeth, tchinnis. Beard, kwn-[=u]t-s'n. Neck, h[=o]ng-en. Arm, tsi-'s. Elbow,

sk[=o]p-hai. Wrist, s'h[=o]ts-kwats. Hand, s'ch-hats. Fingers, s'ch-hats. Nails, ts-sh[=u]ts. Breast or Chest,

tsng-tl. Woman's Bosom, skb-. Back, stetsi-kwn. Leg, s'hn-na. Ankle, tuts-h-kwi-sun. Foot, kl-t-s'n.

Toes, kl-t-s'n. Bone, st-zum. Heart, ha-chin-nin. Blood, stoyu-kn. Skin, k-wi. Penis, shella. Testes,

ng-at'sn.

BOIL,to, kwi-yis.

BONE, st-zum.

BORE A HOLE,to, t'slkwt.

BOTH, ch-sa.

BOW, s'homo-ten.

BOW-STRING, sul-kw-tchin.

BOY, sw-wa-[=u]s, scha-chi-aitl.



6/51

BRACELETS, tsome-chin.

BREAK,to, ti-kwt.

BREASTSof woman, skb-.

BRING,to, an-khw;bring that, (imp.) an-akhw ta-si-ya.

BROAD, kl-kt.

BROTHER,elder, s[=u]t-h-nk;younger, si-tchin.

BUCKET, sk-tn.

BUFFALO, kwisp.

BUY,to, t-kws.

BURYING GROUND, m-kwa.

BYE AND BYE, hets.

C.

CANOE,Chinook pattern, o-t-hs;Cowitshin do., st-watl;ducking canoe, sno'h-wh'l.

CARRY,to, ng-t-un.

CARPENTER,worker in wood, skai-n-hwu.

CATCH,to, kl-kwt.

CEDARbark, si--we;wood, ts-shi.

CHESTor breast,the, tsngtl;chest(box), kl-yks.

CHIEF, si-m.

CHOP,to, kum-mt.

CLAM,quahog(Venus), ski-h-yu;the large kind(lutraria), sw-hm;blue striated species, skk-li.

CLOUDS, s'hu-n-ws.

COCKLE, skl-y[=o]m.

COD FISH, s'k-kan.

COLD, kl-tchi.

COLORS: White, pk'h. Red, n-tskw, an-nu-tsko. Black, n-k-aikh, an-nu-kikh. Blue, ks-ks-shoit,

an-nu-kwh-o. Yellow, nts-kwai-yewin, an-nu-kwi-kwai. Green, n-tltlkh, an-nu-klikhtl.



7/51

COMB, kl-singen.

COME,to, en-t-sen;I come, an-n;come you(imp.) an-n-chi.

COOK ON STONES,to, n[=u]tch-kw-ntl.

COPULATE,to, kwat'tl.

CORPSE, k-i.

COUGAR, kau-t-sap.

CUP, mt-kw.

CUTTLE FISH, sk-mkw.

CRAB, a-ch-he.

CRANE, si--hu.

CROW, skwa-kw-to.

CRY,to, h[=o]ng.

D.

DANCE,to, kwoi--ish-ten.

DARKNESS, s'cht.

DAUGHTER (child), nng-nna.

DAY, skw-tchi.

DEAD, k-i.

DEAD LAND (country of the dead), sn-nkw.

DEEP, kletch.

DEER, h[=o]pt, sm-yis.

DEMON (the primal race), s'hui-b.

DIG,to, ts-ykwt;dig out,to, (e.g. a canoe), k-hai-yu.

DO,to, ch-ai.

DOG, sk-ha;plur.ska-y-ha.

DOG FISH, s'kwats.



8/51

DOOR, so'tl.

DOWN STREAM, kw-kw[)u].

DREAM,to, (1st pers. ind.) kwi-nng-tt-sen.

DRINK,I, ko-kwt-sen; (ko,water.)

DRIVE,to, kwi-htl.

DRUNK (i.e. foolish), as-hw-kwu.

DRY, h-ching.

DUCK (mallard), t-nk-sen.

DULL, n'ko-m[=u]kh.

DUNG,to, k-ang.

E.

EAR, kwi-in.

EARTH,land, sh-stnga-whn.

EAGLE,bald, kwi-eng-s'n;golden, ku-tit-sin-hu.

EAT,to, ts-kwin-snt-sen, it-lun.

ECHINUS, skwt-si.

EGGS, sing-i--net.

EIGHT, tats, tats-si-ya, tats-hit-hu.

ELBOW, sk[=o]p-hi-al-ka.

ELK, kai-ytsh.

ENDor point, elks.

EVENING, tng-en.

EYE, ki-in.

EXCHANGE,to, at-sh-ti.

F.

FACE, sats.



9/51

FAR, y-ye, he-eh.

FATHER, i-i-in;grandfather, s-ya.

FEATHERS, s'chi.

FIND,to, ch-nt-sen.

FINISH,I have finished work, ho-itsna kwin's chi.

FINGERS, s'ch-hats.

FIR TREE (abies Douglassii), skai-i-nkh, chi--chitch;fir bark, tsiyi.

FIRE, s-n[=u]ts.

FIRE WOOD, tl-kts.

FIRST, i-ch-yi.

FISH, ts'kw.

FISH, ETC.: Cod fish, s'k-kan. Crab, a-ch-e. Cuttle fish, sk-mkw. Dog fish, s'kwats. Flounder,

hwau-kwn. Halibut, s'h[=o]t'h. Herring, kl[=o]ngt. Oulakan, klis. Porpoise, s'h-ma-hens. Salmon (See

"salmon"). Sculpin, swan-itl. Shark, kl-yk-a-tt-s'n. Sturgeon, kw'tit-sin. Toad fish, s'chem-kh.

FISH GIG, sti--hu.

FISHING LINEof kelp, schats.

FISHwith a line,to, tl-ti--is.

FISH WEIR, su-ta-t'hl.

FIVE, kl-katcht, kl-kt-shi-ya, kl-kt-shit'hu.

FLESH, sli-kw.

FLOUNDER,flatfish, hwau-kwn.

FLY,the insect, kli-ki-a-hn-na.

FOOT, kl-t-sn.

FOUR, ng-os, ni-sai-ya, nu-sit-hu.

FORMERLY,a long time ago, h[=e]ts.

FROM, t-k[=u]t-s'n.

FULL, es-si-t-st'l.



10/51

G.

GAFF,for salmon, kle-kwn.

GAMBLING DISKS, sla-hallm.

GET UP,to, tst-lng.

GIRL, slet-lt-li-ke.

GIVE,to, ang-at.

GO,I, (1st pers. pres. ind.) hai-t-sen;go(imp.) h'chi;I go there, [=o]ts-na t-si-ya.

GOAT (aploceras), shwt-le.

GOOD, ikh, hatl;good so(that's well), i-yu-h-nang;good man, ais sw-ka;good dog, ais k-ha.

GOOSANDER (mergus merganser), ho-[=o]k'w.

GOOSE, ykhho-na.

GRANDFATHER, s-ya, tchtt.

GRANDMOTHER, s-ya.

GRASS, s'hats-ai;mat grass for thread, kltl.

GREASEor oil, smts.

GREBE (podiceps), kla-i-kn.

GREEN, n-tltlh, an-nu-klikhtl.

GROUSE (tetrao obscurus), gn-et; (tetrao umbellus), steyu-h[=u]ng.

GUILLEMOT, sas-s-mats.

GULL, ku-t-k, kwn-n.

GUM,pitch, tch-kh.

H.

HAIL, chit-la-hi-sin.

HAIR, si-attn.

HAIQUA (the dentalium), klets-chin.

HALF, il-chukh.



11/51

HALIBUT, s'h[=o]t'h, ts[=o]t'h.

HAND, s'ch-hats.

HARD, ko-sang.

HARE,rabbit, ka-kit-se.

HAUL,to, ho-kwut.

HAT, s'cheseuk'h.

HE,when present, tsa-mukw;if absent, netl.

HEAD, sk[=u]ng-i.

HEAR,I, yai-y-nng-sen.

HEART, ha-chin-nin.

HERE, te-athla.

HERON (ardea herodias), sn[=o]k-ho.

HERRING, kl[=o]ngt.

HIDE,to, kwai's.

HIT,I, tchokwe-n[=u]t-sen.

HOLLA,to, kw-kwt-ching.

HOW MANY? kwn-chis;how many people?ko-ni-ya;how many dollars?ko-nai chis ngndolla;how

much money have you?ko-nai te chindolla.

HOUSE, i-yng;my house, n'skwai, te ai-yng.

HUNDRED, na-tcho-wtsh.

HUNGRY, hwam.

HUSBAND,my, n'sw-i-ka.

I.

I, tza.

ICE, slea-hu.

INDIANS,people, tl-sti-ing-hu, ats-il-ti-ing-hu.

INFANT, s'ch-in.



12/51

IRON, km-tm.

ISLAND, kl-chs.

J.

JAY (garrulus stelleri), s'hikh-hai.

JUST NOW,lately, chatshta;I have just comechatsh-ta't n's-tachi.

K.

KAMASS, k'whl-i.

KETTLE, skw-ten.

KILL,to, ko-ch-yu.

KNEE, skai-y-ko.

KNIFE,sheath, ko-kwi-is;pocket, nng-nn.

KNOW,I, ht-cht 't-sen.

L.

LAKE, ts-ikhtl.

LARGE, tchk.

LATELY,just now, chtsh-ta.

LAUGH,to, netching.

LAZY, ts-h[=u]ng.

LEAF, s'ch-sn.

LEAP,to, hw-tng.

LEG, s'hnna.

LIE,to, kai-ykh.

LIGHT, wi-yu.

LIGHTNING, chin--kwa.

LIKE, hon-ng.

LISTEN (imp.), y-ya-nng-[=o]ts-hu.



13/51

LONG, klakt;long ago, hets.

LOOK FOR,to, kli-yng.

LOSE,to, tsits-hw-nng.

LOVE,to, nus-kl.

LOW TIDE, sng-[=o]t-sen.

LYNX (L. fasciata), tst-sats.

M.

MALLARD,duck, t-nk-sen.

MAMMALS: Bat, klat-li-pi--hn. Bear, black, s'chi-kwitsh. Bear, grizzly, kwi-it-shin. Beaver, sk-yau.

Buffalo, kwisp. Cougar, kan-etsap. Deer, h[=o]pt, sm-yis. Dog, sk-ha. Elk, kai-ytsh. Goat, mountain,

swt-le. Hare, rabbit, ka-kit-se. Lynx, tsat-sats. Mink, mis-tcho. Mouse, skwatn. Musk rat, sklkh-kt'lkh.

Land otter, skaatl. Sea otter, tmms. Seal, sshu. Skunk, smat-s'n. Squirrel (sciurus), sp-si-y[=u]t-s'n;

(tamias), ha-hi-yu-wetsh. Wolf, staching. Whale, ch-wh-yu.

MAN, sw-ka;plur.sw-yi-ka;young man, sw-w[=u]s;old man, kwilt-chk.

MANY, ng'nn;many men, ng' ngt' sw-yi-ka.

MAT,of round rushes(tul), taks-latshu;flat do.(cat's tail), su-ya-tsh, kai-nim;cedar bark, tsmmt.

MAT NEEDLE, ho-k'hn.

MEDICINE, s'ti-ing-hu.

MEDICINE MAN,magician or doctor, s'hu-n[=a]m.

MIDDLE, ets-tng-en.

MILK, skb-.

MINK, mistcho.

MISSa mark,to, tang-n;miss the road,to, ti-tkh.

MISTAKE,to,in speech, ti-takh.

MOCCASINS, klkshin.

MOLLUSCS, ETC.: Barnacle, ts[=o]ngt. Clams, quahog (Venus), ski-he-yu; large (Lutraria), swa-hm; blue

striated, skk-hli. Cockle (cardium), skl-y[=o]m. Hai-kwa (Dentalium), klets-chin. Mussel, toyk. Oyster,

klokh-klokh. Scallop (pecten), nana. Sea egg (echinus), skwt-si.

MOON, kl-kitsh.



14/51

MORNING, kw-tchi.

MOSQUITO, pwik-sen.

MOTHER, t[=a]n.

MOUNTAIN, h'kwi-tsh.

MOUSE, skw-tn.

MOUTH, tsuts'n.

MUSK RAT, sklkh-kt'lkh.

MUSSEL,the small blue, toyk.

MY SISTER, na ais;my house, na ai-yng;my things, n's-kw-na-akw.

MYTHOLOGY: N-kwe-m[)a]tlorD-kwe-b[)a]tl,the principal supernatural being, corresponding toIkni

of the Chinooks. S'hui-b,the primal or demon race. S'hu-n[=a]m,magic or medicine. Te-y[=u]tl-ma,the

genius of good fortune. Hun-ha-n-ti,a performance of conjuring or "tam-nous" (Chinook), known to the

Nisquallies ass'h-na,in which it is pretended that the person initiated is killed and then restored to life.

N.

NAME, s'd.

NAILS, tssh[=u]ts.

NEAR, klat-l-a-ke.

NEEDLE, cht-sn.

NECK, h[=o]ng-en.

NEW, hu-us, k'hau-s.

NIGHT, s'nat.

NINE, t[=o]kw, t'kwi-ya, t'kwit-hu.

NONE, -wn-na, au-wts-an.

NOON, k'-yit.

NOSE, nk'sn.

NOW, ti--no.

NUMERALS:Simple Cardinals--1, nitzo. 2, chissa. 3, klekhw. 4, ng-os. 5, kl-katcht 6, t'hung. 7, ts[=o]ks.

8, tats. 9, t[=o]kw. 10, -pen.



15/51

Personal Cardinals--1, nt-so. 2, ch-sa. 3, kl-whi-ya. 4, ni-si-ya. 5, kl-kt-shi-ya. 6, tkh-ng-i-ya. 7,

tsakw-tsi-ya. 8, tats-si-ya. 9, t'kwi-ya. 10, o-pen-i.

Cardinals of Valuation--1, n'sakthu. 2, n'shit-hu. 3, kl-whit-hu. 4, nu-sit-hu. 5, kl-kt-shit-hu. 6,

tkh-hng-it-hu. 7, tsak-sit-hu. 8, tats-hit-hu. 9, t-kwit-hu. 10, o-pen-it-hu. 11, o-pen it nitzo. 12, o-pen

i'tchs-sa. 20, t's-kwss. 30, h'l-l[=u]tl-sha. 100, na-tcho-wtsh. 1000, p'n-itsh.

O.

OLD, snk-ai.

OLD MAN, kwiltchk;old woman, kwiltchk sl-ni.

ONE, nitzo, natso, n'skt-hu.

OTTER,land, sk-atl;sea, tm-mus.

OULAKAN,a small fish, klais.

OUT DOORS, as-saktl.

OYSTER, klkh-klokh.

OFF SHORE, tst-so.

P.

PADDLE,a, h[=o]ng-t.

PADDLE,to, ist.

PEOPLE, tl-sti-ing-hu, ats-il-ti-ing-hu.

PENIS, shella.

PIGEON, hm-kh.

PIPE, p-akw.

PITCH, tch-k.

PLANK, s-y't-hu.

PLANTS, ETC.: Barberry (berberis), sh-tchin. Berries (generic), s'ch-yk-w'tl. Bilberry, y-hun. Grass,

s'hats-i. used for mat thread, kltl. Kamass (squilla), k'whl-i. Rush, cat-tail, kwo-[=o]t. Sallal (Gualtheria),

taka. Salmon berry, al-elo. Strawberry, t-ykw. Tobacco, sm-nash.

POINTor end, elk'hs.

POUND,to,as grain, tst.

POUR,to, kwi-yet.



16/51

PORPOISE, s'h[=u]-ma-hns.

PRAIRIE, spelhhan.

PREGNANT, as-kw-kwai.

PRESENTLY, kwa-kwt-hu.

PRONOUNS: I,absolute, tza;copulative, prefixed to a verb, ats;suffixed to do., sn, sen, sin. My, na, n's, n,

n'skwai. Thou, nkw;copulative prefixed, chin;suffixed, hu;or in the imperative, chi. He,if present,

tsa-nkw;absent, netl. We, nng'l, kl-ningtl. Ye, nkw, kl-nkw. They, kwassa, ts-ta.

PRONGS OF FISH GIG, sta-whi-ts.

PUSH,to, ch[=o]ng-t.

Q.

QUICK,come quick!-atl.

R.

RAIN,to, s'lemhu.

RAKE,v.,to take small fish with a rake, tlta-men.

RAVEN, sku-t.

RED, n-tskw, an-nu-tsko.

RELATIONS, nis-ch-cha.

RELATIONSHIPS: Father, i-i-in. Mother, tan. Grandfather, s-ya, tcht. Grandmother, s-ya. Son, my,

nng-nna. Daughter, my, nng-nna. Husband, my, n'sw-yi-ka. Wife, my, n'sl-ni. Brother, elder,

s[=u]t-h-nk. younger, si-tchin. Sister, elder, s[=u]t-h-nk. younger, ais.

RETURN,to, ho-w-yng.

RHODODENDRON, kwalt-hltsh.

RIVER, st-a-wi.

ROAST,by the fire, chk-[=o]ts.

ROPE, hw-lm.

ROTTEN,as wood, ts-kong;as fruit, skwngtst.

RUSH,cat-tail, kwo-[=o]t.

RUN,I, skw-nng-tsen.



17/51

S.

SALLAL BERRIES, tk-a.

SALMON:S. quinnat, kwitshin.S. truncatus, kltshin.S. Scouleri, ktchks.S. proteus, hnnn.S.

(undetermined), mt-hlets.S. canis, kl'whi.S. Campbelli, kwatcht.

SALMON ROE, kai-ykh.

SALMON BERRIES, al--lo.

SALT, klatl.

SAND, pe-kwt-chin.

SAND PIPER (tringa), sk-uks.

SCALLOP (pecten), n-na.

SCULPIN, swan-itl.

SEA, kl-lalts.

SEA FOWL, m-[=o]k.

SEAL, sshu.

SEAL'S BLADDER, ts-s.

SEASONS: Spring, tclin-es-hw-as. Summer, kla-t-km, tchin--si. Autumn, tchin-s-le. Winter, kl-tchi.

SEAT,the, kl-wk.

SEE,to, kwn't.

SEVEN, ts[=o]ks, tskw-tsi-ya, tsk-sit-hu.

SEW,to, chit-seng-t-sen.

SEINE, so-yk.

SHADOW, nu-kw-ku-no-sing, k-katl.

SHARK, kl-yk-a-tt-s'n.

SHARP, i-y[=u]ts.

SHIRT, sli-pi-kt;woollen do., sno-wks.

SHOES, kwt-l-shin.

SHOULDER, ts-a-kwn.



18/51

SHORT, chi-yetl.

SICK, as-htl'h;I am sick, as-htl'h-sen.

SING,to, te-ymtsen.

SISTER,elder, s[=u]t-h-nk;do. younger, ais.

SIT,to, -mt.

SIX, t'hng, tkh-hng-i-ya, tkh-hng-it-hu.

SKATE,fish, k-kaukh.

SKUNK, smt-s'n.

SKY, tsit-sl.

SKIN, k-wi.

SLAVE, skw-its.

SLEEP,to, et-tt-sen.

SMALL, kl[=o]t-la, ma-m-min.

SMOKE, sp-k[=o]ng.

SNAKE, swa-ht-si.

SNEEZE,to, h-sng.

SQUIRREL (Sciurus), sp'siyut-sen; (Tamias), ha-hi-yu-wetsh.

SPEAK,to, kwi-it-sen.

SPEAR FISH,to, te-chut.

SPEAR,pronged, for birds, ts-kwn, s'h[=o]m.

SPLIT, ch-y[=u]ts.

SPOON, kl-mks.

SPRING, chin-es-hw-as.

STAND,to, tsit-lng.

STAR, te-t-se-na.

STEAL,to, kan.



19/51

STONE, s'nangt.

STOP, h-i;stop talking(imp.), sm-m'h-tchi.

STORY, yt-sm.

STRANGER, natsh.

STRAWBERRIES, t-ykw.

STRIKE,to, k-cht.

STRONG, km-km.

STURGEON, kw'tit-sin.

SUN, s[=u]-sht'sht.

SUMMER, kla-t-km, tchin--si.

SURF, skw-lai-y-kan.

SWIM,to, tng-[=o]ng.

T.

TAKE,to, kl-kwt.

TEETH, tchinnis.

TELL THE TRUTH,to(1st pers.), as-kl'w-chin skwai.

TEN, -pen, -pen-ai, -pen-it-hu.

TESTICLES, ng't-sn.

THAT THING (the there), ta-si-ya.

THERE, ta-si-ya;I go there, [=o]ts-na ta-si-ya.

THEY, kwassa, ts-ta.

THICK,as a plank, ch'hlt.

THIN,as paper, ch-chm-.

THIRSTY,I am, kwa-kwi-ing-sen.

THOU, nkw.

THOUSAND, p'neitsh.



20/51

THREE, klekhw, kl-hwi-ya, kl-hwit-hu.

THROW AWAY,to, kw-ns.

THUNDER, ts-a-kwtl.

TIDE,high, tng;low, sng-[=o]t-sen.

TIE,to, k-a-kt.

TOAD FISH (cottus), s'chem-[=u]k'h.

TOBACCO, sm-nash.

TO-DAY, te-a-skw-tchi, ai--nk.

TOES, kl-t-s'n.

TOGETHER,two, ch-sa.

TO-MORROW, kw-tchi.

TO-NIGHT, as-nat.

TONGUE, tikhhw'lts.

TOWARDS SHORE, chi-ykw.

TRAILor road, so'tl.

TREE, ski-kai-i-yu.

TRENCHERor wooden dish, klo-t.

TROUT, k'hu-m-mn.

TROWSERS, no-snten.

TRUE, as-kl-wtl.

TWO, chissa, ch-sa, n'shit-hu.

U.

UNDER, ki-tch-wtl.

UNDERSTAND,do you?ht-chit[=u]ts-hu.

UP, t-yit.

UPSET, kwi-kwi.



21/51

W.

WALK,to, shtng.

WANT,to, n[=u]s-kl.

WARM, kla-t-kn.

WARRIOR, ns'chng-kn.

WASHthe face,to, n[=u]t-s-ko-sen;wash the clothes,to, tsa-kwng-tl.

WATER, ko.

WATERFALL, tst-sil-st-a-wi.

WAVES, n'ki-nkh, s'ch-ilts.

WE, kl-ningtl.

WEIR,for fish, sw'kltl.

WHALE, ch'wh-yu.

WHAT? stang;what do you want?stang chins-kl;what are you doing?stang chin-chi;what is your name?

stang chins-n;what is that?stang ta-si-ya.

WHERE? ta-hn;where do you come from?cha-hn-tin st-chi;where do you go?twnts-hu.

WHISTLE,to, n[=u]s-kwi--sng.

WHITE, pk'h.

WHITE MEN, hwa-n-tm.

WHO? tsan;who is that?tsan ta-si-ya.

WIND, s't'ch[=u]ng;North wind, kais-hwu;South wind, skangt, skangt.

WIFE,my, n-sl-a-ni.

WINGS, skl-ki-ai.

WINTER, kl-chi.

WITHIN,inside, es-ch-yu.

WOLF, st-ching.

WOMAN, sla-ni.

WOOD,dead, kwt-li.



22/51

WORK OR DO,to, chai;I work, ats chiorchit-sen;thou workest, nk'w chiorchi-ts-hu;he works,

kw's chai;we work, nng'l ts-chi;ye work, nk'w't-sa i-a-chi;they work, ts-tsa chichai.

WORTHLESS, tl-wh-os.

WRIST, s'h[=o]ts-kwats.

WRITE, s'h-ikh.

Y.

YAWN,to, w-uks.

YE, kl-nkw;all ye, nkw hnna.

YELLOW, an-nu-kwi-kwai.

YES, a-h.

YESTERDAY, ch-ak-kl.

YOUNG MAN, sw-wus.

YOUR, n'skwa;your house, n'skwa n'i-yng.

LOCAL NOMENCLATURE

OF THE CLALLAM TRIBE.

S'ng-o. A river running into the Strait of Fuca, above Neah Bay.

Ok-ho. Another river near the last.

Klat-l-was. A village on the Strait.

Pisht'st. Village at Canel River, Pillar Point.

Kwa-h-mish. Fishing Station at Lyre River.

El-wha. The village at the mouth of the Elkwa, west of Port Angeles.

Tsi-whitzen, Yinnis. Villages at Port Angeles.

Stt-lum. Village at New Dungeness.

Shkwin. Village at Sequim Bay.

K-kaitl or Skw-kwel. Village at Port Discovery.

K-tai. Lower village on Port Townshend.

Chema-kum. Village site at head of do.



23/51

VOCABULARY OF THE LUMMI.

A.

ABOVE, se-suktl.

ADZE, s'chmmn.

AFRAID, si-sin.

AFTER, il-kw-ws.

ALDER, skwang-l'tch.

ALIVE, hal-ikh, hal-l.

ALL, makw, mokw.

ALWAYS, wai, wa-hi, o-wi-la;always so, wa-hi-yu shng angs.

ANGRY, kwin-tn.

ARM, talo;my arm, ntalo;right arm, si-l-me[=u]s;left arm, suk-kwe[=u]s.

ARROW, yitcht.

ASHES, kwi-chp.

AT,to be at, l-siorlak-si;he is at Lummi, l-si la N[=u]kh-lmmi.See also "live," "be."

AXE, kukm. (km-mt,to chop.)

B.

BACK,the, stas-kwitl.

BAD, h's, s'hs.

BAGor sack, chu-kwal.

BAIL A BOAT,to, chi-kwst; (in Simiamoo), kwllt.

BALD, koa-lekw.

BARK,of the fir, chlli;of the cedar, sl-kwm.

BASKET,potato basket, kl-pk;load basket, s'pi-ch;small basket, pep-chlkh.

BEADS,large blue kind, shkwe-kwn;small white do., tsts-ht;small green beads, tchi-kwl-lekh.

BE,to,See "at," "live." It is in the house, lk-si -lung.



24/51

BEAR,black, schthn;grizzly, kwechin.

BEARD, kwins'n;moustache, kwinks.

BEAVER, skl-lu.

BEFORE (in point of time), kwl-hs-lt-sin.

BELLY, kwlla, kls.

BELOW, klkhl.

BIRD,water fowl, mo[=o]k;small birds, tsts-at-sm.

BIRDS: Eagles, golden eagle, kwl-lng-sen; bald eagle, ykh-wl-la. Hawks, pa-ls, tsekhw-tskhw,

tl-kwemitl, tsi-ha-litsh; sparrow hawk, ss-so-wak-chil-la. Owls, great horned owl, che-tng-hu; small owl,

kwai-el-hu. Woodpeckers, logcock, skwl-lttn; flicker (P. Mexic.) tsea-k't; small woodpeckers, tst-tng.

Swift (Cypselus), kuk-stch. Kingfisher, ss-shela. Robins (T. Naevius), kws-kk'h; (T. Migrat.), tsel-tcha.

Warblers, hu-hwl-lsh. Chickadee (Parus), ts-ka-yis. Finches (generic), tch-kwakwa; ground robin,

tl-tlk-si-nn; snow finch, tchi-sa-wtsh. Wren, teti-tm. Raven, sku-takh. Fish Crow, sku-kwata. Blue Jay,

chi-ya. Magpie, s'hnnn. Pigeon, hm-kh. Ruffed Grouse, skwts, skwtsha. Dusky Grouse, ng'eet.

Sand-hill Crane, slem. Plover, chit-hn-natsh. Oyster Catcher (hematopus), sw-kk. Yellow-shank Snipe,

skk-ka-ye. Beach Birds, small snipe (?generic), pel-latsh, skeks. Curlew, mk-mk-kwa. Swan, hoha-han.

Snow Goose, kla-wkh-han, kla-hwahan. Canada Goose, kh-ha. Brant (Bernicla), hl-hltsh, hl-hlcha.

Mallard (a. Boschas), ti-nk-sen. Teal (Nettion), hs-natch, chil-siset. Shoveller (Spatula), klel-lk-tk-sen.

Gadwal (Chaulelasmus), shes-sn-na. Sea Ducks (generic), kwal-hu. Golden eye (Clangula),

hl-hl-llo-witl. Canvass back (Aythya), hkh-ko-nitsh. Spirit Duck (Albeola), hekh-kn-n, k'k-hnna.

Merganser (Mergus Am.), kwa-[=o]kw; (Mergus Serrator), skm-mtsh. Cormorant, ms-sitch. Gulls, large

kinds, kwn-n; small kinds, skkh-kwa. Loons (Colymbus), swakwn, hwekhw-kws. Grebes (Podiceps),

sk[=u]l-kls, hwanitsh, hwt-tis. Guillemot (Uria), sko-kwa-kwts, ko-k[=o]kh-kts.

BIRDS,parts of: Beak, nksnsh (v.nose). Wing, ki-kaal, sk-k-al. Feathers, stli-pl-kan, stakw. Quills,

stli-kl. Down, ski-us. Tail, klap-i-sin-itsh. Gall, ms-suns. Entrails, k-khes. Gizzard, s'hea-kwns. Liver,

t'-kas. Heart, ts-li.

BITE,to, tsing-ut-tng.

BLACK, nk-kikh.

BLANKET,feather blanket(a native manufacture), stm-mo-whitl;woollen do., sw-kwatl;white blanket,

pe-kl-kwt;figured do., nt-salo-wt;red do., nu-kwim;green do., nk-chal-kwt;blue do., chi-al-kt;large dark blue do., chil-tl-kwt.

BLAZE,to, hu-t-ku.

BLIND, kl-litsh.

BLOOD, ss-tchin.

BLOWwith the breath,to, pa-hwt;blow the nose,to, nk-lng-sinna.

BLUE, chi--lis;pale, ni-hwkw.



25/51

BOARD,planks, sl-to.

BOIL,to, kwl-ls.

BONE, s[=o]m, s'ham.

BORE,to,as with a gimlet, slk-wt, nk-slkwt.

BOSOM (female), skmma.

BOW, ts-cha-sen.

BOWSMAN,of canoe, heu.

BOXor chest, kla-yks.

BOY, s'ch-chi-lkh, schiatl, stet-ltkl.

BRACELETS,of brass wire, tsa-met-chin.

BREAD,baked, taukh.

BREAK,to, (broken), ti-kwt-tng.

BREAST (chest), tsngtl.

BRING,to, an-kh-hu.

BROAD, nkh-hwi-k-w'tl.

BROTHER,elder, shi-itlkh;younger, si-tchin, ni-wh-ka.

BURN,I, chkw sin;it is burning, ch'ykw.

BURY,to, (to cache), as-ch-ntl.

BUY,to, (to trade or barter), hwi-m;I want to buy, nus-whi-ym, nus-kl-a-kng sl-klla (nus-kl,I

wish).

BYE AND BYE, o-ws-hs.

C.

CANOE (generic), skwlkh;Chinook and Makah pattern, t-hs, [=o]t-hs;small do., kk-hotl;large

Kawitchen canoe, shw-atl;small fishing canoe, snowh'tl;shovel-nosed or burden canoe, klai.

CARRY,to, sng-at;to carry on the back, sng-ng;on the shoulder, ang-ut-tn;in the hand, wi-kwo-nat.

CEDAR, (Thuja), h'pai.

CERTAINLY,of course, hows.



26/51

CHALK (properly a white diatomaceous earth used for cleaning skins), stauokw.

CHIEF, si-m.

CHISEL,of stone, sh-wekh.

CHOP WOOD,to, kmmt.

CLEAR SKY, shu-ewk'h-hu.

CLEAR OFF,to, (of the weather), s'ai-yt-tung;it is clearing off, ta-chil shu-auk-hu (clear it comes).

CLOTH,calico, as-hlkh (i.e. "figured");domestics, pk'h; (white);baize, tsatsa-whn;flannel, tslwhm.

CLOUDS, spahu;it is clouding over, tachil nkh-no-ws.

COALSof fire, chtist.

COAL,stone coal, pechit.

COAT, snu-ks.

COLORS: White, pkh. Black, nk-kikh. Red, n'sk'h, n'skw. Blue, chi--lis; pale do., ni-hwekw. Yellow,

n's-kwl-la-wn, nk-wi. Green, ni-tlut'h, nk-wi.

COME,to, n'a, e-n;I come from Simiamoo, si-t-sin Si-mi-a-mu;come with me, nk-w-shin-nus;come into

the house, an--la we-lng,oran-ush-ta no -lng (a-lng,a house);come near(imp.), n'atla.

COOK,to cook on hot stones, k'k'pak.

COOKED,it is cooked("done"), kwl.

COPULATE,to, sn-nkh.

COUGH,to, takwn.

CRADLE, patsts.

CRUSTACEANS: Crab, bes-kwu, -chkh. Spider Crab, ku-kwtl-shin. Stone Crab, ku-kwin-n-wa.

CRY,I, ho-angsn.

COVER,to, kle-hws-tng.

CUP, memtk'h.

CUTwith a knife,to, shipt.

D.

DANCE,to, koi-ellish, kwi--lish.



27/51

DARK, klatch.

DAUGHTER, ng-nna.

DAY, skw-chil.

DEAD, kwi-i, ko-ikh.

DEEP, kltsh.

DEER, smis, sm-is, h[=o]pt;a buck, sestn ("horned");in Kawitchen, hau-pa;amongst the forest or "Stick"

Indians, klalk-ten-na.

DIG,to,roots in general, p-nkhw, pn-hu;potatoes, si-a-kwls;fern roots, tlai-kw;clams, kkh-hlla.

DIRTY, tng-hws.

DISHES, nu-wh'tsh-kw-la.

DOG, sko-mi, sk-ha.

DON'T, kwe-t.

DOOR,also road, satl.

DREAM,to, kl-kl-lasin.

DRESSa skin,to, ekh.

DRINK,to, k-ko, nus-kkh;I drink, kwakwa-sn.

DRUM,to,as in conjuring or at dances, kau-tng.

DRUNK,foolish, as-hwkw, s-hwkw-tn.

DRY, sel-p.

DUCK, spl-hntl;mallard, ti-nk-sen; (vide "birds.")

DULL,as a tool, kl-ls.

E.

EAR, kwlln.

EAR RINGS, sklau-n.

EARTH,the,land, s'che-tunga-whn, s'che-tng-a-hng;earth,dirt, s-yk.

EAT,to, itln, itl'nkh;I eat, nit-st-lin, it-ln-sn.

ECHO, sn-gn.



28/51

EGG, sn'lng-nt, kwn-kwn-n.

EIGHT, tas, tus-s-la, tus-slt-hu.

ELBOW,or knee-joint, kl-yt-s-tn.

ELK, kwu-watsh, ky-ytsh, kai-yts.

END,the end of anything, s-ans.

EVENING, t'tangen.

EVERY^1 THING^2, mkw^1 stang^2.

EXCHANGE,to, i-yakt.

EYE, kllng.

EYEBROW, sngn;one-eyed, as-takws.

F.

FACE, sas.

FAR, chakw, ch[=o]kw.

FART, tk-snitch.It is the common expression of disgust at anything, or any one.

FAT,adj., tlet-lk.

FATHER, mn.

FEATHERS, st-kw, sl'palkan.

FEMALE, sl-ne.

FETCH,to, an-khw.

FILE,a, clk-hn;to file, chk-ks.

FIND,to, kwnnng.

FINGERS, chi-hals.

FINGER RINGS, hi-alm-chis.

FIR TREE, chl-li-ltsh, chl-chils;fir bark, chl-li.

FIRE, chk-hs;bring fire, kwn-tatsh.

FIRST, il-ch-la.



29/51

FISH, ETC.: Cod, ait. Flounder, owe. Herring, slang-t. Calorhynchus, skw-ma. Large cottus, skn-nkhw.

Skate, kkh-k[=o]kh. Oulakan (thalechthys), ti-a-ko-wa. Pencil fish,a small fish that comes in schools, katl.

Salmon,vide infra.

FISH,parts of: Scales, sls. Fins, k-ting-s. Tail, s'hp-shin. Roe, he-a-hetl; herring roe, ch-msh.

FISH WEIR,large, s'chi-yk;small do., ti-kp.

FIVE, kl-kats, kl-ktch-s-la, ktch-slt-hu.

FLEA, tt-a-tlm.

FLESH,meat, sl-kw.

FLY,a, i-kwllng, kwil-lng.

FOG, spi--hwn.

FOOD, set-ln, s-wn.

FOOLISH, as-hwkw.

FOOT, s'hnna.

FOOT-PRINT, hn-nugen.

FOREHEAD, skwangus.

FORMERLY, kwt-li sil-la.

FOUR, ngoss, ni-s-la, slt-hu.

FRIEND, kl-nk-wil;my friend, n's-kl; (literally, I like him.)

FULL, h[=e]ts.

FUNDAMENT, kla-wkh.

G.

GAME (beaver teeth dice), smi-la-li.

GET,to, kwnnt;I want^1 to get^2 pantaloons^3, nus-kl-k^1 kwn-nt^2 sk-k-s^3;get something to

eat,fetch^1 food^2,imp., kwn-nas-sng^1 s'it-ln^2;get into the canoe, l-ti kwt-la-tsi ti shw-atl; i-ba

kn slangt; (l-tsiseems to be "at" or "into;" vide "at" and "live;")get fire wood,to, tk-ktsh.

GIRL, st-hl-ni, sln-ch-atl.

GIVE,to, (to give as a present), ng-us; (in the sense of "to help or to hand to,") kltch;give it me, an-khw,

(i.e. bring it.)

GLOVES, ts'-kw-lit-cha, no-s-sin.



30/51

GNAT, chetsks.

GO,to, h'ya;I go, kwl-h'ya-sn, yas-sin-sa;I am going to Lummi, y-sin-kin N[=u]kh-lm-mi;presently I

will go, wi-a-sin-sa;let us go, is-t;go you,imp., ho-ni-chitl'h;go out,imp., sk-lng, ho-nes-k-lng (a-lung,

house);go there, a little further off, yi-h-wl-tl-l.

GOOD, aikh.

GRAVE,serious, [=o]kw-hm.

GRASS, s'hs-si.

GREAT, hai-yikh, ke-yikh.

GREEN, ni-tlth, nk-wai.

GREY HAIRED, sts-m-mkhw.

GUM,resin,light wood, sm-nitsh.

GUN,north west musket, p-yk (pu,the sound of a gun);regulation musket, ym-k'sn;rifle, hai-choi-i-ktl;

double-barrelled gun, nu-chsa-kun (chssa,two);pistol, chi-chai-etl p-yk (s'chi-chai-an,an infant);

revolver, nn-hk-n-k-n;to load a gun, h'nu-wl-lssn;to ram down the load, s-a-kn;to fire a gun,

kwl-shlla, (Simiahmoo) klm-kwlla.

GUNPOWDER, kwlkh;flints or caps, kwl-ln.

H.

HAIL, klm-whi-la.

HAIR, si-attn.

HALF, kl-chkh.

HAMMER,to, h'kwschis;hammer,a, s'kwschis.

HAND, sals.

HANDLE, klt-sh-nn.

HE, nekhl, nitlkh.

HEAD, s-kwng-i, skwng-i.

HEAR,to, chisa-lan.

HEART, st-s-la, ts-la.In the sense of the mind, h'ching-ing.

HEAVY, hm.

HERE, ti--kwu.



31/51

HIGH, ses'l.

HONE,or whetstone, shu-tks.

HOUSE, -lng;the posts that support the roof, k-kan;the ridge pole, s'klm-smelt-hu;side plates,

hamet-sin.

HOW,how shall I do it?swn-n-ng-set ti-?

HUNCHBACKED, sko-m-sin.

HUNDRED, natso-itch, natso-wtsh.

HUNGRY, kw-kwi.

HUNTER, tsm--mn-sa;seal hunter, nus-lm-kh.

HUNTING BAG, shit-t-la.

HUSBAND, n'st-lush.

I.

I, us.

ICE, s'lel-lokh, s-ma.

IN,into, nu-s;put in,imp., nu-as ats-chessk;to be at or in, lak-si;vide "live;" it is in the house, lk-si

-lng.

INDIANS,people, atl-t-ling-hu.

INFANT, s'chi-chi-an, kk-k, n's-chi-in.

IRON, km-tm.

ISLAND, kl-chas, s'kws-s, sk'-sas.

J.

JEALOUS, s[=a]-si-si.

K.

KICK,to, lm-mat.

KILL,to, k'ch-tkh, ku-chella.

KISS,to, nkh-wh'm-kwst.

KNIFE, shpl-tin;do. with one edge, il-kkh-han;two-edged, wat-ch-han.



32/51

KETTLE,iron, skl-lup;wooden, skoten.

KNOW,to, Do you know Sk-kl? (a man of that name?) ht-ch-ts-hu Sk-kl?

L.

LAKE, s'weltsh.

LANCE, st-kwi-itch.

LARGE, mokw.

LAUGH,I, nn-ni-yng-sen.

LAZY, shng, sakhw;I am lazy, sawhng-sin.

LEAF, s'ch-sn.

LEAP,to, hw-tng.

LEG, sl-htsh, sk-kn;calf of leg, ktl-sn.

LEND,to, -yil.

LIAR, kai-y-kan.

LIE,I, hukh-ki-ya-kn.

LIGHT,adj., st-tu.

LIGHTNING, cha--kwa-chk, cha-kts-o-kikh.

LIKE, shn-ngs.

LISTEN,imp., ni-hw-i-yan.

LIVE AT,to, lksi; (this word appears to be the equivalent of the Nisquallyat-suts,and to be really an adverb

signifying "presence" or "existence");I live there, lk-si tel-l.

LONG,in dimension, kl-kut.

LOOK OUT! kw-la.

LOOKING GLASS, skwo-n-sng, sku-ko-n-sng, hu-ku-n-sing;the image or reflection in the glass,

kukh'-ktl.

LOSE,to, ek-kwa.

LOUSE, nssn.

LOVE,to, n[=u]s-tl, nis-kl.



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M.

MAGIC,conjuring, ch'si--wn;for medicine, shi-nm.

MAKE,to, chai;what are you making?stang n's chai?I am making a canoe, chai its snohwtl;make fire,

imp., chk-ks.

MAMMALS: Horse, stk-k-u. Elk, kw-watsh, kai-yts. buck, sist-n,i.e."horned." Deer, sm-yis. buck,

sist-n. fawn, stl-la. Bear, black, sps. grizzly, kwi-et-chin. Big horn (ovis montana), kwe-kwt-chen.

Mountain goat (aploceras), swt-le, pi-klkh-kan. Racoon, bl[=o]ps. Dog, sk-mai. Wolf, st'ki-ya. Cougar,

shwowa. Lynx, skts-ams. Beaver, skl-l-u. Sea otter, tmms. Land otter, s'katl. Seal,sshu. Mink,

kai-yakh, s'ch-a-kn. Weasel, kl-k-la. Skunk, sp-pk. Squirrel (sciurus), tsip-si--sn. Striped squirrel

(tamias), hw-pe-chin. Kamass rat (neotoma), n-wit. Mouse, kwatn. Mole, spi-l-wn. Hare, sk-ka-was.

MAMMALS,parts of: Neck, tatsh-sns. Atlas joint, kk-kak-w'chis. Ribs, lk-h'ws. Marrow of legs,

tts-shshins. Brain, smet-ks. Gristle of vertebr, kwa--ls. Liver, stkchng. Lights, splhu. Paunch,

spukh. Wind-pipe, hwang-n. Tail, klowak-s. Skin, kwl-los. A dressed skin, hl-la-kan. Hair, s'chais.

Hoofs, kw-nngs. Kidneys, sn-sns. Sinews of legs, kli--mins. Sinews of back, tng--sens. Horns,

tsestn. Heart, ts-la. Os calcis, kt-lin-sns. Thighs, kat-chat-chs. Saddle or hind quarters, as-satch-chatsh

(chus-sa,two). Leg, sku-shm-shins. Lower joint of do., s'hn-ns. Fore quarter, t-los. Both do., sklla-hans.

Fat, nas. Meat, sl-k.

MAN, sw-yi-ka.

MANY, n'gann, n'gn;many people, n'gnhl-t-ling-hu;I have many people, n'gan al-t-ling-hu ti-us.

MAT, slwn;the large mat used for making temporary lodges, s-letch;cedar bark mat, tsmmt, lokwai.

MEND,to, chts-l-kwttn.

MERRY, nks-n-ni.

MIDDLE (of length), -no-wls.

MISTAKE,to,either in speech or on the road, ml-min.

MOLLUSCS, RADIATES, ETC.: Small round clam (Venus), skt-hlai; quahog (Saxidomus), skh-hwa; large

clam (Lutraria), swm. Cockle (cardium), sklm. Mussel (Mytilus), kl-km. Oyster, klokh-klokh. Whelk,

sk-kwi-ykh. Barnacle, sm-mai-ya. Chiton, hllng. Land snail (helix), wk-kk'h. Slug (limax),

kai-yatlin. Sea egg (Echinus), skwt-si. Sea slug (holothuria), sekt. Star fish, kwl-l-chi, kl-l-sis. Cuttle

fish, sk-m[=u]k. Shells, k-ya-men.

MOON, kl-kltsh.

MORNING, skw-chi.

MOSQUITO, kw-an.

MOTHER, t[=a]n.

MOUNTAIN (same as rock), sng-nt.



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MOUTH, s-sn.

MOVE FARTHER, yi-h-wl tl-l;go there, tkwhist.

MUCH, n'gun;much food, n'gn st-ln.

MYTHOLOGY: Ha-ls,the principal super natural being, equivalent toHun-nof the Nisquallies,No-kw-makhlof the Clallams and Skagits, andIk-niof the Chinooks. S'hui-b,orS'hui-m,the pre-human

demon race. Y[=u]tl-ma,orShw-mat-wun,the spirit that presides over good fortune. Ch'sio-wn,a

particular gift or capacity acquired by fasting, etc., or by incantation, similar to the Chinook tamnowas.

Shi-nm,magic or medicine.

N.

NAILS, t'sls, chi-s-lis.

NAKED, klt-sng.

NAME, s'n;my name, s-n.Vide "who."

NAVEL, mkh-hwoi-ye.

NEAR, kl-k-a-ke, tt-l-kai, sti-talst.

NEEDLE, chtsn.

NET,for catching ducks, etc., tkhm;seine, aukh-whi-yen.

NEW, hu-ws.

NIGHT, snat.

NINE, tk'hw, tk-wh-la, tk-whalt-hu.

NO, a-w, a-wkh, kh-wa.

NONE,there is none, a-wnna;are you not ashamed?a-wn-na s'ht-sil? (literally "no shame?")

NOSE, nksn.

NOSTRILS, skw-lk-sen.

NOW, ti-a, ti-ank'h.

NUMERALS:Simple Cardinals--1, ntsa. 2, chssa. 3, klikhw. 4, ng-oss. 5, kl-kats. 6, t'hnkh. 7, tskws.

8, tats. 9, tk'hw. 10, opn. 11, -pn it ntsa. 12, -pn it chssa. 20, tsk-ks, tsk-ws. 30, kl-whl-sh.

40, nsl-sh. 50, kts'hl-sh. 60, tkh-hm-sh. 70, skwl-sh. 80, tsl-sh. 90, to-wol-sh. 100, nat-sa-wtsh.

1000, o-pntsh.

Personal Cardinals--1, natsa. 2, ch-sa. 3, kl-whi-la. 4, ni-s-la. 5, hl'-katch-sla. 6, tkh-hng--la. 7,

tsk-s-la. 8, ts-s-la. 9, tk-hw-la. 10, o-pn--la. 20, nt-su-ku-s-la.



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Cardinals of Valuation--1, tsakwt-hu. 2, tch's-slt-hu. 3, kl-whlt-hu. 4, slt-hu. 5, ktch-slt-hu. 6,

tkh-hng-lt-hu. 7, sk-slt-hu. 8, ts-slt-hu. 9, tk-whlt-hu. 10, o-pn-lt-hu. 20, ts[=u]-kw-slt-hu.

O.

OAK, s'chng-altsh.

OFF SHORE, tl.

OLD, tsa-kng, snk-ki;an old man, as--lokh, as-messn.

ONE, nt-sa, natsa, tsakwt-hu.

OUT DOORS, st-lng (alng,a house).

P.

PADDLE,to, ist.

PAN,or plate, l-sn.

PANTALOONS, sk-k-us.

PENIS, shel-l.

PEOPLE,i.e. Indians, atl-t-ling-hu;people inhabiting the woods, "Stick Indians," ms-hwi (whence the name

of a tribe on Fraser River, generally known as Maskwies);people living on the salt water, s'chit-lalsha (klals,

the sea);River Indians, chis-t-lo, stl-t-lo (st-lo,a river);white men, hwa-nitum.

PERHAPS, ykh-wh.

PIGEON, h'mo, hm-o'h.

PIN,a, hm-mn;large blanket pin, kwn-n-sing.

PIPE, pkw.

PLANE,to(boards), sh-shb; (probably by onomatop[oe]ia).

PLANTS, ETC.: (See also Trees.) Salmon berry, al--la. Barberry, skw-cha-sitsh. Red raspberry, tkwm.

Gooseberry, km-kwltsh. Dewberry, skl-nu-whlsh Rose bush, kl-kl. Berries of do., kl-lk. Snowberrybush, pat-saltsh. Berries of do., p'pi-ki-yas. Honeysuckle, kat-kat-ltsh, saltsh; (the leaves are chewed as a

medicine.) Spira, kads-sulch. Wild pea, hm-kwai--sin. Wild rye, pshai. Yarrow (Achillia multifolia),

pl-l-a-kwtsh; (it is used to expedite delivery.) Prickly pear (cactus), ts-ta. Thorns, chit-tm-ms.

Equisetum, mkhw, -is-kd. Root of do., ko-ma-lokh. Cat-tail rush, s-kn. Tule or round rush, skwl-ll.

Wild onion, swl-nitsh. Brake fern, sk-ka-an. Roots of do. (eaten), skwiyu. Small brake, tskkwa. Wood

fern, s'h-lm. Liquorice fern (an expectorant), kls-sp. Lichens, kt-che. Spanish moss, stl-hi-is.

Liverworts, mkhtl-ls;a species of moss with a peppery taste, used in medicine, kt-si. Sea weeds,

chil-lm. Kelp (fucus gigantia), kw-ang.

PLANT,to, chin-eng-tl.



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PLENTY, n'gn.

POINTof anything, i-sksin.

POOR,wretched, sl-l-wa.

PORCUPINE QUILLS, tsts-l-kan.

PORPOISE, kw-nat.

POSTSfor supporting the roof of a house, k-kan.

POUND,to(as seeds, grain), kli-a-kwng-tl.

PRAIRIE, spelkhhan.

PREGNANT, sk-kwi.

PRESENTLY, hwa-sing-anga;in a little while, h'westa-l, hu-as-ta-al.

PRONOUNS: I, us;suffixed to a verb(copulative), sn. My, ti-us;prefixed to noun(possessive), n's, n[=u]s.

Thou, nkw. Thy, ti-nk-wa. Thyself, tin-tsi-la. He (that one), nel, nitlh. We, minglkt, kl-minglkh. Ye,

nk-kw-li-e. They, nan-etl-ya, kw-si-a-hal-tn. My canoe, nus-kw n'shw-atl. Thy knife,

sns-kwn's-pl-tn. His gun, ts-ka po-yk. Our country, ts-kwn tng-hu. Your house, tsng anng h-la.

Their father, k'sn mn.

PULL THE HAIR,to, heng-kw-tn.

PUT ON,to,pantaloons, hk-w-sing;a coat, hut-ch-tng.

PUT INTO,to,imp., nu-s ats-ches-sk.

PUT DOWN,to, s-kws.

R.

RAIN, slmm[=o]kh.

RAISE UP,to, s-at.

RAKE,for taking herring and other small fish, tletha-men.

RAPID,in a river, kwetchm.

RAW, hets.

RED, n'sk'h, n'skw.

RELATIONSHIPS: Father, mn. Mother, tn. Husband, my, n'st-lsh. Wife,idem. Son or daughter,

ng'nna. Brother,if older than the speaker, sh-itlh;if younger, si-tchin. Elder sister, -lish;younger do.,

si-tchin. Grandfather, cha-mok. Grandmother, s-la. Uncle, latl, hai'tch; (as the nephew grows older, the

uncle becomes an elder brother.) Aunt, sh-ilsh. Father-in-law, sltl. Mother-in-law,idem. Brother-in-law,



37/51

idem (?). Sister-in-law, s'ng-athwun. Sister's husband,idem. Step father, n's-gn-n. Step mother,idem.

Daughter-in-law, skw-lo-wis. Husband's other wives, si-ya.

RIVER, st-lo;small stream, st-ta-lo.

ROAD, satl.

ROAST,to,in ashes, tl-lk;on a stick, s'kwllng.

ROCK, sng-nt.

ROPE, hw-lm.

RUN,to, kw-nng-t, kw-nng-it.

S.

SAD, htl-tin, htch-ingn.

SAIL,make sail,imp., chai-a-kwn pa-kwn;take in sail,imp., klng-s.

SALAMANDER, pt-h'yil.

SALMON,generic, s'chn-hu.--Various species:ktchksSalmo scouler, RICHARDSON; hn-nn,the

hump-backed salmon(S. Proteus); sk-k (not ascertained); y-mutsh,S. quinnat, RICH.; kwal-hu,S. canis,

SUCKLEY (this name, it will be noticed, is also applied to sea ducks); k-kh,S. truncatus? kwl-yauk,

salmon when exhausted by spawning; tghs,salmon trout(S. Campbelli, SUCKLEY); su-kwi,brook trout

(S. stellatus, GRD.); hu-m-ni,salmon fry.(This last word suggests the Spokane word for the brook trout,

hu-m-na.)

SALT, klatln.

SAND BEACH, s'het (Lummi), si-etsm (Kwantlen).

SAND SPIT, na-wa-ltsh.

SCOOP,for bailing a canoe, tsangtn.

SCRAPE,to, ekht.

SCRATCH,a, si-hks.

SCRATCH,to, ht-ch-tng;I scratch, hi-kk-sn.

SEA, klals, kt'hlals.

SEASONS: Spring, tchin-kw-lis, tchin-kwai-lus. Summer, kw-lus (kw-lis,warm) tchin--yi. Autumn,

chits-at-lin, tsa-whngst. Winter, chints--hm, chin-s-ttsh, s-titsh.

SEE,to, lang-t, lang-it.

SELL,to, hwi-mla.



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SEVEN, tskws, tsk-s-la, sk-slt-hu.

SEW,to, chets.

SHAKE HANDS,to, kwn-sest.

SHALLOW, shi-shm.

SHARP, i-yas.

SHARPEN,to,to whet on a stone, t'kas.

SHAWL, st-s-msh.

SHIRT, kts--lis;"hickory" shirt, htl-p-wn.

SHOES,moccasins, s'klka-shin.

SHOOT,to,with a bow, ts-mn.

SHOT, hs-m-kw.

SICK, s'hatl.

SICK,I am, s'hal'sn.

SING,to, t'e-lm, telim.

SISTER,elder, -lish;younger, si-tchin.

SIT,to, m-mt, m-mit, tsm-m-no.

SIX, t'hnkh, tkh-hng--la, tkh-hng-lt-hu.

SKIN,dressed, hl-kn;un-dressed, kwllo.

SKY, s-ishl, skwi-yil.

SLEEP,to, t-t-t, -tt-tt, i-tit.

SLEEPY, a-t-tng.

SLOWLY, o-s'n-ang'h.

SMALL, mi-m-min.

SMELL,a, hkw.

SMELL,to, hk-kwlla, hk-kw-li.

SMOKE,to,a pipe, sm-nis-tin (sm-nsh,tobacco);as a fire, spt-lng.



39/51

SNAKE, s'alkhka.

SNEEZE,to, h-sing.

SNORE,to, hw-na-kng.

SNOW, n-ka.

SON, ng-una.

SOUL,the, sl-l.

SOUR, s-han.

SOW,to,grain,&c., chi-its (chai,to work).

SPEAK,to, kwal.

SPEAR,to,water fowl, t'kwa-nm;seals, si-ym-mn;fish, t's-hngn.

SPLIT WOOD,to, skt.

STAB,to, met-t-ng-kwa;Simiamoo, ti-chetng-kwa.

STAND,to, st-ln.

STAR, k-s'n, k-s'n.

STAY,I will stay, a-ws-sin.

STEAL,I stole, as-kwa-kan;you stole, nkwa kwa-kan;he stole, nikhl-kwa-kan.

STEER,to, chn-n-set; chk-ke-nng.

STEERSMAN,of canoe, as-kw-at.

STOCKADE,fence, kl-lkhhan.

STONE, chet-hlkh;rock, sng-nt.

STOP,I will stop here, o-atla-sn (perhaps "I have arrived");stop,imp.,i.e. stop doing any thing, un-nkhwkw-tn s'chai;stop(when one is helped sufficiently to food), hi;stop(talking), sm-mukh.

STRIKE,to,with the fist, nt-ss-tng.

STRIPED, as-h-tsh.

STRONG, km-km, kwm-kwm.

STURGEON, skw-wtsh.

SUN, sku-kl.



40/51

SWEET, sak-kng (aikh,good).

SWIM,to, tng-a-ng.

T.

TAKE,to, kwnnut (same as to get).

TAKE OFF,to, kl-lis, klt-sang.

TALE,story, skwlkwl.

TALL, kl'k-tkhl.

TEETH, chinnis.

TEN, opn, o-pn--la, o-pn-lt-hu.

TESTICLES, m-tchin.

THANK YOU, hekh.

THAT, tl-l, ta-l;that is Lucy's, la Lucy ti-l.

THERE, ta-l;there it is, e-i-t-i-ti, t-la-ti.

THEY, nan-tl-ya, kw'sia-hl-tn.

THING,things, stang;every thing, nkw-stang.It is noticeable that in this language, as well as in the

Nisqually, Chinook, and probably in others, the word for "thing" is the same as that for "what."

THIEF, kn-kan.

THIS, tiet-hla.

THOU, nkw;thyself, tin-tsila;you are a Kanaka yourself, Kanaka tin-tsila.

THOUSAND, o-pntsh.

THREAD,twine, hw-lum.

THREE, klikhw, kl-whi-la, kl-whlt-hu.

THROAT, haungen.

THROW,to,as a stone, tsi-lakh;to throw away, hwlt-hu. (In the Simiamoo dialect, -kwt;to throw away

with violence, tim-mt.)

THUMB, ss-tls.

THUNDER, s'h-hwas.



41/51

TIDES: Flood tide, kmml. Ebb tide, hi-klatl'h. High tide, km-kmml. Low tide, shamshm.

TOBACCO, sm-nsh.

TOBACCO POUCH, sm-na-sh-la.

TO-DAY, ti-a-kis, ti-o-skw-chil.

TOES, s'chs'sn, sn-hwl-shin.

TO-MORROW, kw-chil, kwi-ikhl.

TONGUE, t-whls.

TRADING HOUSEor store, shwui-ml (hwi-m-la,to sell).

TREES,forest, s'ki-l-lng-hu.

TREES, ETC.: Red pine (P. ponderosa), kwa-kwa-y-la-hilp. Dwarf pine (P. contorta), kwkhwl-ch. Spruce

fir (Abies Menzesii), chi-kwtlp. White fir (A. grandis), sko-me-yks. Hemlock spruce (Abies ---- ----),

s'ke-ltch. Yew, tlng-klsh. Cedar (Thuja), h'ch-chiltsh. Red cedar (Juniperus), pits-in-i-ilp. Arbutus (A.

Menzesii), k[=o]-kwltsh. Trailing arbutus (A. uva-ursi), kwn-neltsh;the leaves of this vine are used for

smoking. Birch, kats-ltch. Maple (A. macrophylla), km an-ilp. Vine maple (A. circinata), sh-chlp.

Alder, s'kwng-ltsh. Crab apple tree, kkh-whtsh. Fruit of do., ka-khw. Elder, ts-wkh. Willow,

swl-ltsh.

TREES,parts of: Roots, komel-lokh. Fir cones, ta-m-ku-kns. Pitch or rosin, sm-nitsh. Leaves, sats-tl. Fir

bark, t'chl-le. Cedar bark, shl-k[=o]m. Inner bark of do., skwekhw. Willow bark (used for making seines),

sw-lakh. Rotten wood, pi-kwi.

TWO, chus-sa, ch-sa, tch's-slt-hu.

U.

UNCOVER,to, kt-lst.

UNDERSTAND,--I understand that, ht-che-tu ti-ats;I don't understand, o-n kwins-hu-chet;Do you

understand Clallam?ht-che-tt kws-sa N[=u]s-kli-y[=u]m?

URINATE, ch-wa. (This applies to either sex, there not being a distinction made, as in the Nisqually.)

W.

WALK,to, s-tng, sh-tng.

WANT,to, skl;I want, n's-kl;I don't want, -wa sins-kle.

WARM, kwass, kw-ls.

WARRIOR, nus-chang-kn, mich-kllo-wtl.

WASH,to, (the hands), tsk-s-smg; (the face), tsk-w-sng; (clothes), tsk-l-kwo-tng;I wash,



42/51

sa-kwmsn.

WATER, kaukh.

WAVES, skwt-la-lk-n.

WE, ninglkh, kl-ning-lkh.

WET, klk-st, tsa-mng.

WHAT, stng, stng-wt;what is that?stang ti-?what are you doing?stang nis-chai?what food do you buy?

stang kwa chats swun?what?(in answer to a call), stang?what is the matter with you?es-tang hat-su?what

do you want?stang sins-kle ti-nk-wa;what is your name?(vide "who.")

WHERE, a-hn;where is my gun?t'hn-ku ken po-yk?I don't know where, kw-hen ish-tkka;where do

you come from (whence you?)tsa-hns-hu, tsa-hnts-hu?where are you going (whither you?)t'whns-hu,

twntst-hu?

WHISTLE,to, sh-pi-ls.

WHITE, pk'h.

WHO, wt, wat;who did that?watla kwuts-chi-a ti-a?what (literally "who") is your name?wat-tun-m?

wat kud sna?

WIFE, n'st-lush (same as husband).

WIND, st-chng.

WINDS: West, ste-wt. W. N. W., tent-sa-lk. N. W. and North, s'ch-ym. S. S. E., skang-t. S. W., s'chis.

WINGS, sk-kl.

WIPE,to, (the face), nu-hwa-ch-sng; (the hands), chkw-sim.

WOLF, st-ki-kh.

WOMAN, sl-ni.

WOOD, s'chtl;a log, kwt-hli;dry wood, st-ta-chi.

WORK (do,make), chi.

WORTHLESS, kl-hl-o-s.

WRESTLE,to, tsl-tng.

WRITE,to, hllt.

Y.

YAWN,to, wea-ks.



43/51

YE, YOU, nk-kw-li-.

YELLOW, n's-kwl-la-wn, nk-wai.

YES, a-h;yes indeed, certainly, hows, hus, si-[=e]t

YESTERDAY, chi-lak'hl.

YOUNG, s'hw-wils.

LOCAL NOMENCLATURE

OF THE LUMMI TRIBE.

Chil-tn-nm. Point Roberts.

No-ku-mekhil. A creek running into the bay.

Pi-kalps. The Indian village of Camp Simiamoo.

Sim-i-amu. The name of the band.

Kul-lahan. "Stockade," the site of the old village.

Ala-la. Creek at the head of Drayton harbor.

Selitsh. The site on the sand spit of ditto. The name Tsi-helis has the same signification.

Kw[=u]d-shd. Mount Baker.

H[=o]l-h[=o]l-ok'h. Site between Drayton harbor and Birch bay.

Tsu-wkh. Site on Birch bay.

Tut-si-nts. Sli-ek-sen. Sandy point.

Chu-ks. North end Lummi island.

St'kwp. A site on eastern side of do.

Skalek-shn. Fishing on west side of do.

Mam-ekorS'mm-m-k. The mountain on south end of do.

Kl-kwa-ni. A rock off S. W. end of ditto. It is a s'hui-yb or demon.

To-whtsh. Eliza island.

Ku-kwa-n-ng. Viti rocks.

Ch-chu-sen. Part of the Delta of Lummi river.



44/51

Skl-h-netl, Sla-yks. Mouths of the river on Hale's passage.

Tom-whik-sen. The winter village on the passage.

Tla-pi. Another neighboring site.

Sw[=u]l--senorS'h[=u]l-e-sen. The Portage.

N-[=u]s-k-la-hm. The neck of Point Francis.

S-liss. Point Francis. (VideS-litsh,supra.)

Klik-a-t-nus. The small prairie at the military station, Fort Bellingham.

Kwal-lu-h[=u]m (Squallicum). The small creek above Whatcom.

What-com. The outlet of the lake. The name refers to the noise of its waters.

Si-h[=o]m. The site of the Bellingham Bay Coal Mine.

Ma-m-si. Pattle's claim.

Sislit-chm. Thomas's claim.

Tai-ch-mish. The cove at Cullum's claim.

Tchk-a-nts. The inner bight of Bellingham bay.

S'hts-ks. Point William, or Samish point.

As--a-kn. Samish village behind the island.

Pen-[=u]kh-hu. Vendovi island. The name is derived from that of a bulbous root growing there.

T'ch-kwil-la. N. W. point of Gueymes island.

T'kw-wa-tchin. N. E. side of do.

Kwil-shants. S. E. point of do.

N[=u]kh-whai-i-mikhl. Samish village S. W. side of do.

Tl-la-lokh, Nu-kwt-l-al. Localities on Fidalgo island.

Mk-kk'hs. N. E. point of do.

Skt-ls. Sinclair island.

Tt-skh. Cypress island.

Ttl-ki-t-ns. Strawberry harbor on do.



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Sh-ng-tl'h. The peak on the N. end of do. It is the nest of the thunder bird.

S'n[=u]k-nokh-hw'tl. Site on western side of Blakely island.

N[=u]s-kwi-chennm. James's island.

Chis-si-n-a. Bird rocks off Decatur island.

Ht-tt-ch'l. Site of Indian village on S. E. end of Orcas island.

Ko-p-tn. S. E. point of eastern bay in Orcas island.

M[=u]k-kw[=u]l-nitch. Small lake and cascade emptying into the eastern bay.

I-ukhkan. The cove at M[=u]k-kw[=u]l-nitch.

Chin-chin-ts-l[=u]ng. A rock on the eastern shore of the bay. It was another demon--a woman who

committed adultery with every one. She was turned into stone by Ha-ls, but her spirit remains. She used to

live at that place in summer, but went up the bay in the winter.

N[=u]kh-whi-y[=u]m. Deadman's rock in the eastern bay. An old cemetery of the Lummi Indians.

Tsl-wh-sn. A site at the head of the bay.

Sw-lakh. Mount Constitution, on Orcas island. The name is also given to the eastern bay itself, or rather to

the country upon it.

S'ko-ma-ang. A mountain on the peninsula between the eastern and middle bays. The name refers to a berry

calledt'kwama, and means "like that berry."

Ala-la, "like a house," fromalung, "a house." Another hill on Orcas island. The name also applies to the

land bordering on the middle bay.

N[=u]s-kl-ling-s. The point at the entrance of the middle or Ala-la bay.

Skwk-sen. A rock on the eastern side of do. This was another demon.

Iye-hn. The bald hill at the head of Ala-la bay.

T'kai-yetsh. The extreme S. W. point of Orcas island.

Nukh-l-kwoi. A site on the W. side of do.

Kwi-ns. N. point of Lopez island.

Skll-nip. Sand point N. end of do.

Nu-chad-kwun. E. point of do.

S'whl-ltsh. The lagoon on the W. side of do. (Its Clallam name,Pal-pi-yu.)

K[=u]t-lla. E. point of Shaw's island.



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Hs-sltsh, Hwi-ch-sen. Localities on the S. side of do.

Kl-chang. Point on N. side do.

N[=u]k-p-katsh. Rocky islet N. side do.

Kla-l-ka-mish. Former inhabitants of the E. side of San Juan island; a band of Lummis now extinct.

Si-alng-hu. Hudson's Bay farm, San Juan island.

Wa-hl-a-nn. Hudson's Bay salmon house, San Juan do.

Kl-whi-ten. Patos island.

Klakhw-km (mussels). Patos island.

Pen-[=o]kh. Matia group. The name has the same signification as that of Vendovi island.

Chu-sh-nng. Sucia group.

Si-l-ka-mish. Spiedur island.

Kwn-ns. Stuart island.

S'Hn-ne. Waldron island.

Le-ml-tcha, St-shum. Former villages on Waldron island.

El-t'nlh. Point Disney, do.

Pl-hunk'-'sun. W. point, do.

NAMES OF LUMMI CHIEFS.

Sa-h[=o]p-kan, now dead.

Chil-lk, his son, also dead.

Chu-its-h[=u]t, another son, and

Chil-l-k.

The last is Chief of the North Lummis, and Chu-its-h[=u]t of the southern band.

Hu-t-sa-lk, at Simiamoo.

End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Alphabetical Vocabularies of the Clallum and Lummi, by George

Gibbs

*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ALPHABETICAL VOCABULARIES ***



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Alphabetical Vocabularies of the Clallum

by George Gibbs


Alphabetical Vocabulary of the Clallum

Documents

Transcript of Alphabetical Vocabulary of the Clallum