MERDE

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

[SMITHSONIAN DEPOSIT.]

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STATES OF AMERICA % c :c c o c

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ALPHABETICAL VOCABULARY'

OF THE

CHINOOK LANGUAGE.

GEORGE GIBBS.

PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.

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NEW YORK:

CBAMOISY PRESS.

1863.

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♦

PREFACE.

It should be premised that the following Vocabulary was col¬

lected at different 'times and from different Indians, and has never

been revised with the assistance of one person. It undoubtedly

contains words of two dialects, the Chinook proper and the Clatsop,

and probably also of the Wakiakum. The words themselves, how¬

ever, it is believed, are generally correct, and in some instances the

dialect has been noted. The only apology for publishing it in its.

present form is, that the Indians speaking the Chinook language

are so nearly extinct, that no other, better digested, is likely to be

made, and that even thus it affords means for a much more

extended comparison of this with other Indian languages than

now exists.

The nation, or rather family, to which the generic name of Chi¬

nook has attached, formerly inhabited both banks of the Columbia

itiver, from its mouth to the Grand 4Dalles, a distance of about a

hundred and seventy miles, and was, as usual among the sedentary

Indians of the west, broken up into numerous bands, each having

its own village and chiefs, and possessing its special name; no com¬

mon appellation being adopted by themselves, unless it might be

the word signifying “ people,” or “ the people.”

Mr. Hale, in his Ethnography of the IT. S. Exploring Expedition,

has divided these into Upper and Lower Chinooks; the latter, as I

suppose, intended only to include the Indians between Oak Point

i

4

IV PREFACE.

and the mouth of the river. Very probably an intermediate or

middle division would have more accurately described them,

embracing that part of the territory between Oak Point and Fort

Vancouver. The present vocabulary belongs to those nearest the

mouth, of which there were five principal bands.

Mr. A. C. Anderson, formerly of the Hudson’s Bay Company,

long resident on the Columbia River, assigns their boundaries as

follows:—On the north side of the river, first the Chinooks proper

(Tchi-nuk), whose territory extended from Cape Disappointment

up the Columbia to the neighborhood of Gray’s Bay (not Gray’s

Harbor, which is on the Pacific), and back to the northern vicinity

of Shoal water Bay, where they interlocked with- the Chihalis of the

coast; and above them the "VVakiakums (Wa-kdi-a-kum), who

extended up towards Oak Point, having behind them the Willo-

pahs (Kwal-hwi--o-kwa), an isolated band of the Chepewyan family

(Athabascans of Gallatin), who inhabited the country on the 'Villo-

•pah River, and the head of the Chihalis. On the south side of the

Columbia the Clatsops (Ivlat-sop) extended along the coast about

twenty miles from near Tillamook Head to Point Adams, and up

the river to Tongue Point. Thence the Cathlamets (Kat-hla'met)

reached to Puget’s Island, and were followed by the Cooniacs

of Oak Point (Kahn-yak or Kukhn-yak, the Kreluits of Franchere

and Skilloots of Lewis and Clarke). This last tribe, closely con¬

nected with the Klatslianai, another band of the Athabascan stock,

who lived on the upper waters of the Nehalem, a stream running

into the Pacific, on those of Young’s River, and one bearing their

own name, which enters the. Columbia at Oak Point. The above

may properly be considered as constituting a single tribe, although

under the jurisdiction of different chiefs, and though dialectic

variations existed in their language. The language of the bands

farther up the river departed more and more widely from the Chi¬

nook proper, so that the lower ones could not have understood the

others without an interpreter.

PREFACE. V

Of the several vocabularies of this language heretofore published,

the only reliable ones that I have seen are those of Mr. Hale in the

Ethnography of the U. S. Exploring Expedition, giving 180 words

of the Lower and 60 of the Upper Chinook (Watlala), the former

accompanied by grammatical notices. Into all the others many

words have crept from the Chihalis and Klikatat; the first a tribe of

the Selish family, the second of the Sahaptin, who immediately join

the Chinooks on the north, as well as some from the Nootka, which

forms one of the components of what is called the Chinook

“ Jargon,” a mixed language in common use for trading purposes

on the North West Coast, and often mistaken for the Chinook itself.

The vocabulary given by Dr. Scouler as “Chenook” is almost

altogether Chihalis. His “ Cathlascon,” though very incorrect, is

Chinook; but he has wrongly assigned the location of the Cathlasco

tribe. They were the Indians of the Dalles of the Columbia, and

not of the region below the falls ; and though they speak a dialect

of the Chinook, the vocabulary is of some other band lower down

the river. It is easy to see that comparisons founded on such data

lead only to error.

In collecting the present vocabulary, I have been greatly assisted

by Messrs. Robert Shortess and Solomon II. Smith, of Oregon, and

Mr. A. C. Anderson, of Victoria, Vancouver Island, to all of whom

I desire to express my acknowledgments.

The very difficult pronunciation and excessively complicated

form of the Chinook has effectually prevented its acquisition, even

by missionaries and fur traders. It abounds with gutturals and

“ clucking” sounds, almost as difficult to analyse as to utter. As is

the case with all the surrounding tribes, the consonants r, and v

are wanting, perhaps also d and z. In pronouncing English words,

/is changed top; r to l; v to m. Th never occurs, either as in

thin or thee; these letters, where they appear below, being pro¬

nounced as in the French the. The system of spelling used is as

follows:—

VI PllEFACE.

ORTHOGRAPHY.

a long as in father; short as in German hat, or nearly as in English

what.

e long as in they (“ long a” in face); short in met.

i long as in marine ; short in pin.

o long as in go; short as in home, whole.

n long as in rule (oo in fool)’, short in full (oo in good), and also

as in but :*u as in union, pure, &c., is represented by yu.

d as in all {aw, au, in bawl, taught),

ai as in aisle (“ long i ” in pine, might),

au as ow in now [on in loud).

The consonants as in English, with the following limitations :—

c is used only in the compound ch, which is pronounced always as

in church; g as in gig, never soft as in ginger, for which j is

employed; kw represents qu as in queen ; y is pronounced as in

you, year; kh expresses the guttural aspirate—the German ch in

ach, the Scottish in loch, but when the letters are separated by a

comma {k'h), they denote merely an aspirated k. Other compounds

like kl, tkl, tlk, represent the clucking sounds according to analysis.

PREFACE. VU

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

The following are all the specimens of the Chinook language

with which I am acquainted, with the exception of those of the

Jargon, some of which have been given by the authors as Chinook

proper, or as Clatsop, and are cited as such by Ludwig. These last

I have included in the Bibliography of the Jargon appended to the

Dictionary of that tongue, prepared for the Smithsonian Institution.

Archseologia Americana. Transactions of the American Antiqua¬

rian Society, 2 vols. 8vo. Worcester, 1820; Cambridge, 1836.

Words from a MS. of Gabriel Franchere in the “Synopsis of A

the Indian Tribes of North America,” by Albert Gallatin.

Vol. II., p. 379.

Ethnography and Philology of the U. S. Exploring Expedition. 4to.

Philadelphia, 1840. By Horatio Hale.

Vocabularies—Q, Watlala or Upper Chinooks—R, Tshinuk,

Chinooks proper; pp. 370-629. .The work also contains

a valuable notice of the grammar of this language.

Transactions of the American Ethnological Society, 2 vols. 8vo.

New York, Bartlett and Welford, 1845, 1848.

Reprint of the above in article on “Hale’s North-Western

Indians,” by Albert Gallatin in Vol. II., pp. 56, 89, 121.

Seven Years’ Residence in the Great Deserts of North America, by

Abbe M. Domenech, 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1860.

Reprint of part of Hale’s Chinook Vocabulary, pp. 166-188.

Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, vol. XI., 8vo.

London, 1841.

VUI PREFACE.

“Observations on the Indigenous Tribes of the North-West

Coast of America.” By John Scouler, M.D., &c.

Vocabulary of the Cathlascon; pp. 243-246, 247. This, though

not correct, as above mentioned, is some dialect of the

Chinook, while his Chinook, so called, on the same pages,

is Chihalis.

Exploration du Territoire de l’Oregon, etc., par Duflot de Mofras.

2 vols. 8vo. Pam, 1844. The numerals from 1 to 10

are given in Vol. II., p. 201.

VOCABULARY

A.

Above, sakh-a-li, Clats. ukh-

shakh-a-li.

Acorns, t’kan-a-we.

Affection, t’kekh, tik-ekh.

Afraid, kwass.

Again, weklit.

Alive, ya-ka-nat-ti; he lives.

All, kon-a-we.

Although, kukh'tsi.

Always, kwa-ni-suro.

Animals (all creatures), Clats.

cho-i-la-la.

Aplodontia, o-gwul-lal'; the

robe of its skin, shi-wal-lal'.

Appear, to (in sight), klakh.

Apron, e-ke-so.

Arm, e-be-po-tehtk, ets-pa-te-

tuk.

Arrive, to, ko.

Arrow, ka-lai-tan, tklai-tan;

Clats. ta-batsh.

Ash-tree, klt-sa-ba, Clats. klk-

cha-ba.

Aunt, kl-kuk'hot-la.

Autumn, klut-talkk-he, tsa-

batlkb.

Axe, hatchet, ye-kes-tunh, ek-a-

set-khle-bat, ekuts'tan.

2

B.

Bad, raa-sa-tchi, ya-ba-li-la, i-yd-

kat-hal ; Clats. e-ya-ma-la;

a bad thing, kakh-tsaik-ta.

Bail a canoe, to, klukh'te-

wukh.

Bark, of tree, o-ku-tal, o-ya-a-

put-sa; inner bark of cedar,

kal-a-kwa-ti.

Basket, o-pi-kwan’h ; figured,

Clats. o-kwal'kb.

Beach, of the sea, ka-bi-lal'luk.

Beads, ka-mo-suk, tl’ka-bo-suk.

Bear, (black), e-itch'hut, its'-

hut ; Clats. skint-wha;

(grizzly), i-sbai-am, i-sai-amb.

Beard, te-be-bek-sut, te-be-bek-

so. Beaver, e-in-a, e-l-na.

Before (in advance), klan'a-

wukh. Behind, ka-ub'a-tuk, kim'ta.

Belly, ya-kwa-tin.

Below, kik-hwil-li. Bird, kal-lak-a-la, tla-lakh, tla-

la-huks.

Bite, to, kai-yakws.

Bitch, o-ko-boks.

Bitter, klikhl.

BLA 10 CLO

Black, tlel, klel, kla-lukb',

t’hli-il. Blanket or cloth, pa-si'si.

Blood, kl-a-welkt, tlau-wulkt,

tla-wilkt. Blow out, to, po-tlakh-a.

Blue, dark, (same as black ;)

pale, spo-6k, spo-el).

Blueberry, kan-as-pukb'.

Board or plank, tish-kan.

Body, .ok-wult'ha.

Boil, to, buckb-hnl'tsh-hub. Bone, e-be-ot-sakh, o-be-ot-so.

Borrow, to, hul-ge-bish-ta.

Both, kon-a-we moxt; literally,

“ all two." Bottle, a, o-kwil-likh'tshut; lite¬

rally, u flint."

Bow, a, opt-le-ke, opt-khle-ke,

ot-la-ba.

Bowl, iis-kan.

Boy, small, dk-hun-na ; grown,

kl-kas-kus, tl-kas-kus.

Box or trunk, o-kle-uk-sbin.

Bracelet (of brass wire), klik'-

•vval-li.

Brass, klik'wal-li.

Breast, (woman's), ka-to-ba.

Bright, to-wakh, tu-wakh.

Bring, imp. et-kw-hla.

Broad, ekh-ult, tluk'utlh, e-ya-

hutch.

Brother, elder, kap-ho, yakh-

kwun, it-sukh'kwun; younger,

an, a-au, kl’ka-wukh; my

elder, i-chukh'kwun; his

elder, i-yakh-kwun.

Brother-in-law, ek'ke, tsa-

pots-lian.

Buffalo, also cattle, mfts-mus, e-b4s-bus.

Buttons (of metal), e-cbil'chil.

Button moulds, e-ke-no-wdi-

a-ba. By and bye, al-kekli.

c. Canadian, Pa-si'si-uks; literal¬

ly, “ clothmenfrom ]ia-si-si,

cloth, and uks, a Chinook

suffix, signifying “ living be¬

ings." Canoe, e-ka-nim (generic), etl-

wbai-at; ko-kwa-bet’kh, the

Chinook pattern. Carry, to, est-wliul, an-yust'ho;

to carry on the back, as a

child is carried, lo-lo.

Castaway, a wrecked person,

klo-who-nipsk.

Cat, tle-wa-sis.

Catch with a lasso, kwutl andi-

ya; literally, “ make fast."

Cedar, ish'kun, is'kun, kl-we-

lutl, tche-bat'kh; inner bark

of, kal-a-kwa-ti.

Cellar, e-ko-bat.

Certainly, na-vvit-ka.

Cheat, to, lakh'hvva-la.

Chest or box, kle-uk-sen.

Chief, kuk-ke-ma-nan, tl-kdk-a-

md-nan.

Chipmunk (tamias), ot-se-kin.

Chisel or froe, et-di-yetk.

Chop, to, tl-kop, chop that; tl-

kopen-ya-ho.

Circle, a, or ring, t’kweo-kweo.

Clam, (lutraria), klab-o-wa.

Clear sky, e-tuk-ta.

Cloth, pa-si-si.

Clouds, e-kd-sakb ; Clats. o-ko-

b6t-laut.

COA 11 EAT

Coarse, tukh.

Cold, ts’his', chat-pa, it-sdt-sa,

tsas; now it is cold, al-te chat-

si-ha-lo.

Colt, kle-yd-ka.

Comb, k’hul-cha-be-te; Clats.

ka-be-a-ko; to comb, k’hul-

hul-cha-ba.

Come, to, a-mit-e, a-bftt-e; come,

(imp.) to one person, bat'te;

to several, cha-bdt-te; come

here, ni'-wha; come, n’ti-ai-

ya ; he is coming, nu-kot-

ldi-yu.

Cone of fir tree, o-petch-kan.

Conjuring’, ta-ma-no-was.

Cougar, e-kwai-ye-wa.

Cough, to, hokh-hokh.

Coyote, i-ta-la-pas.

Crab, kal-he-la.

Crab apple, pau-itsh, pa-wutsh.

Crane, o-ko-to-we, ek-h-ta-wa.

Cranberry, shol-bekh, sti-la-

mikh.

Crooked, hunrkekh.

Crow, ska-ha; Clats. o-kwun-

nokh.

Cry, to, klak-wulk.

Cup, hs-kan.

Curled, curly, hunl'kekh.

Cut, to, tl’kop.

D.

Dance, to, ba-witsk; 1 dance,

ne-wets-ko.

Darkness, no-po-nura. Daughter, speaking of her, o-

kvvukh'a; addressing her, as.

Dawn, ekw-ta-lilkh.

Day, ka-wakh'e.

Daybreak, nek-ts6k-te.

Dead, me-ma-lust, tl’klo-mut;

Clats. at-hlo-ba-kut ; a-yo-

bukt. Deer, im-d-sun, e-ba-sa ; Clats

e-la-lukh. Demon race, prehuman, ul-

hd-i-pa.

Dentalium, ka-wa-ket-li, (large

size); kfip-kup, (small size.)

Dewberries, klik'a-muks.

Dig roots or clams, to, an'tl-el-

ke-pa.

Different, s’hul-16-yi-ba.

Dishes, etc., d-bo-wa.

Doe, e-ik-el. Dog, el-kam'buks, kl-ka-boks ;

Clats. kl-kot-ko.

Down stream, below, mdi-a-mi.

Drab, or light blue, spo-e.

Dress a skin, to, hdkh-ka an-

dijya.

Drink, to, kluk'hubst; I drink,

kld-bis-ta.

Drive, to, kish'kish ; drive up

the horses, o-to-wd-bab tkia-

i-ta-nuks. Dry fish, to, an-ik-sd-be.

Duck, mallard or stock duck,

o-kwekh-kwekh.

E.

Eagle, (the bald), chak'chak,

tchnk'chak. Ear, o-be-ut-sakh, t’be-ot-saks;

Clats. o-wti-cha.

Ear-rings, is-ka-lal.

Earth, il-a-ekh.

Eat, to, a-batkhl-hal-a-ba; atl-

hul-hd-lub ; I eat, hnl-hul'ub-a.

EBB 12 GAM

Ebb tide, t’hul-a-we-kwot.

Eggs, tl-klau-lau-uks, t’kwil-lau-

wil-lau-uks.

Eight, stot-kin. Eleven, tat-le-lum i-kon iklxt.

Elk, e-mvi-luk. Elk fawn, e-mk-luk-han.

Elk horn, cba-ba, plur. ya-

cha-ba.

Empty, -vvakh ; empty that,

wakb-he-ha.

Entrails, tub'a-sliuks.

Evening, tso-yus-te.

Exchange, to, tik-o-le-buk.

Eyes, o-bel-host.

F.

Face, si-d-bost, skukh'host.

Far, kwil ia, k\vil-ld-ye.

Fast, made fast, kwutl. Father, tl-ka-ma-ma, it-blab;

my father, ti-tum ma-ma; thy

father, bai-kutl me-man; his

father, yak kai-yab; our fa¬

ther, ni-sai-ka tl’cha-ma-ma;

your father, mi-sai-ka klim-sa-

ma-ma; their father, klas-ka

it-blab.

Fathom, it-hla-na; Gluts, e-

yan-ha.

Feathers, tup-e-e, o-kub'-a-sa.

File, o-cba-la.

Find, to, klap.

Fine, kwess.

Fingers, te-bek-si-a.

Fire, o-61-pits-ki, ol-pits'kekh.

Fir tree, sis-kun. t

Fish, tshe-lukb.

Fish hook, ik-bik.

Fish weir, kluk'hwuu.

Five, kwe-nem.

Flat, pal-kokh.

Flatten the head, to, o-bek-o-

kwantl.

Flea, i-na-pu.

Flesh, etl-wil-i, a-ke-wul; all

hinds of flesh and fish in a

dead state.

Fleshing chisel, of stone, t’ka-

naks.

Flint, o-kwil-likb'tsbut.

Flood tide, klo-wetshk; Clats.

kle-whits'kwit.

Flour or grain, tsap'e-lil; (com¬

mon to all the river tribes.)

Fly, to, e-yo-ka ; Clats. yuk-ko-

ya.

Fly, a, e-bots-kuu ; Gluts, ta-

bots-kun'noks.

Food, it-bul'lub-akb.

Foot, tlek'bups, ta-beps.

Four, lak'et. Forehead, o-bets-pokh.

Forest country, ya-mo-le.

Forget, to, tl-bul-le-6-buk.

Formerly, an-kut-te.

Full, patl.

Fur or hair, kla-bek-so.

Friend, tl-ka-sik’bs, i-a-sik’hs,

ska-sbiks.

Frog, sbwe-e.

From, ko-pa.

Frozen, tsha-la-pot.

G.

Gallop, kwal-lil'kwal-lil'.

Game of disks, e-tlalt-lal; of

hand, it-blo-kum; of beaver

dice, kwot-la-buks.

GIY 13 IIUC

Give, to, e-nikli'; to give alms,

kle-a-ha-wi-yu.

Glad, kwan'kwan.

Gimlet, ips-ta-bat.

Girl, tla-lik, sakh-un-a; (groicn),

o-lio-takhw; (child), o-kos-kas.

Glass, literally, flint, o-kwil-

likh'-tshut. Go, to, a-bai-ya ; go, (imp.) bai-

ya ; (to several persons) t’ho-

ya; go to bed, (imp.) ab-hok-

ste ; go first (imp.) ma-ni-wa.

God, I-ka-nam ; Clats. I-ka-ni;

strictly speaking, the name

given to tlieir own most pow¬

erful spirit.

Good, t’k-tok-te, e-tok-te.

Goose, o’kal-ak-a-la-ma.

Grain, tsap'e-lil.

Grandchild, klukt'kan.

Grandfather, on father's side,

kl-kuk-ka-shus; on mother's

side, kl-kuk-ka-la.

Grandmother, on father's side,

kl-kuk-ke-ke ; on mother's

side, kl-kusli-kash'ka.

Grass, tup-sa, tem-mum.

Great, ya-kwantl, yak-wantl.

Grebe, small diver, o-ko-na-

sis'-se. Green, pt-sekh, pi-chukh’.

Grouse, ruffed, un-wkust'wust.

Gun or musket, shuk-wa-lal-la.

Gunpowder, ti-whut'.

H. Hail, kl-kak-wil.

Haiqua, (dentalium), large size,

ka-wa-kct-li, kut-tok; small

size, kup-kup.

Hair, 'yak-so, kla-bek-so, klik-

huk'so; Clats. kl'uss'.

Half, a-sit'ko, sit'kum.

Hammer, white man's, o’k-

hot-kla-ba ; of stone, o-kwun- na-wun.

Hand, el-kuk'si-a, te-bek'si-a.

Handsome, e-tok-te skakh-

liost, (goodface).

Hard, k’hul'-k’lml.

Hare, kun'ne-mun'ne.

Hat, kl-ke-kletch-e-wa-ba.

Hatchet, e-kuts'stan.

Hate, to, a-nukh-thlab-it.

Haul, to, an-ne-ka; haul tight,

(imp.) kwutl an-di-ya.

Hazel nuts, t’kab-e-la-la.

He, yak-ha, yak-kha.

Head, kla-bek'tuk, et-suk'tuk.

Heart, eb-hatsk, e-be-butsh,

et-se-bukhts.

Help me, get-ges-kab.

Hemlock, t’kai-ta-bet-uk, ik-ai-

ta-bat-uk.

Here, yak-kwa.

Hermaphrodite, klel'at-sun.

Hide, to, al-hbp-so, ip-sut.

Hill, i-pak-hal.

His, e-yak-ha.

Hit, to, kwult’h.

Hole, a, klh-whap.

Horns, of an animal, klt-sa-

buks.

Hornet, o-pa.

Horse, e-kiu'i-tan ; young and

unbroken, kai-yekh.

House, to’tl, to’tlt’h.

How, ka-ta; how can I? hau-

kwutl, hau-katlh; how many?

kun-se-ukh, kan-tchekh.

Huckleberry, red, o-te-la-tet,

tikh'wil-lim; blue, hai-tcho.

HUN 14 LYN

Hundred, i-tak-a-mo-nak.

Hungry, o-lo.

Hurry, make haste, ai-dk.

Husband or wife, married per¬

son, ki'-kul; my husband, it-

suk-he-kal,chak-he-kal,i-chuk'-

i-kal.

I. I, nai-ka.

Ice, i-kd-pa, kl-kd-pa, e-kd-pa.

Indians {people), tilli-kbum,

plur.; el-ka-tlil'khum, sing,

{a person.)

Infant, cha-la-kd-ik, et-la-nukst.

Interjections: Ab-ba or an-d, for shame!

Al-d, interjection of surprise.

Hwd or kwd-wa, surprise, ad¬

miration, earnestness.

Kwish, contemptuous ref usal.

Iron, ek-i-wek-hi, 6pt-sakh.

Island, a sand bar, klukb,

tlokhw.

J. Jay, (Garrulus) kis'kis.

Jump {as a horse) to, t.’so-pi-na.

K. Kamass, tul-ldl-hu. Kettle, o-bisk’h, o-pe-kwan’b;

{basket.) Keys, e-tlit-kwat-kub-a; of

house, tot-li-tat-li-kwa't-ko.

Kick {as a horse), to, a-chekl'-

tukh.

Kill, to, un-t’bldu-a, an-yi-wa-

okh.

Knife, 6’pt-sakb, e-ke-wek-he,

kwe-we-ki; i. e. the iron.

Knock, to, ko-ko.

L. Lake, ko-k6t-let, e-kekot-let-

klt’h, et-ld-la.

Lamprey, skd-ko-li, ska-kulb.

Land, il-a-hekb, il-la-ekh.

Large, klok-wuntlh, ya-kwantl.

Lately, jicst now, tohi.

Laugh, to, khl-whai-it.

Leaf, tup-sa, tep-so.

Lean, to, lakh.

Leg, ti-au-i, kla-a-wit, e-be-o-wil-

Lend, to, hul-ge-bish-ta; {same

as borrow.)

Let me see, ni'wha; literally

an imperative adverb, near!

Lie, to, klim-in'a-whut.

Light, wakh, tu-wakh.

Lightning, e-kelks, e-ke-likst.

Like, tik-ekb.

Listen, klo-witsh'utk.

Litter of pups, te-kd-a.

Load a canoe, to, an-e-yuk-kd-

nai. Long {in dimensiovi), ytjtl-kut.

Look here ! interjec., nakb.

Looking glass, e-shal-ld-kabt,

tshai-lak'um-mit.

Lose the way, to, at-to-bd-to-

kwit, klo-bd-to-kwe.

Louse, ok-sted.

Love, to, tik-ekb, ke-hun-ne-d-

hot. Lupin root, e-so-bokh-tan;

Clats. kal-wbe-ma.

Lynx {L. fasciata), e-pukw.

1

MAG 15 NUM

M. Magic, e-ta-ma-no-was, e-tcki-

ha-wa.

Magician, ya-ke-wab.

Make, to, a-kots-kin, an-ai-ya;

I make, I do or icork, nai-ka

an-ai-ya; thou makest, mai-ka

an-ai-ya; he makes, yakh-ka at-

sai-ya; we make, ni-sai-ka an-

skai-ya; ye make, mi-sai-ka

ab-skai-ya; they make, klas-

ka al-kai-ya; I made yester¬ day, tanl-ki nai-ki an-ai-ya;

make fire, imp., ab-whul-e-

kitk ; make haste, imp. adv.,

ai-ak make fast that, kau-

an-e-la.

Mallard, stock duck, o-k\ve-

kwe, o-kwehw-kwehw.

Man, tle-ka-la, ldek-hal'la; plur.

tlka-la-buks.

Many, ok-ha-we, e-la-ha-we;

many people, okh-o-we-tiks til-ig-hum; many things, ekli-

o-we ik'ta. Maple, o-lam-tsis'kun.

Mare, a, o-kwil-e-kd-i-tan.

Mat, il-ko-tei, klis'kwis.

Meat, etl-wil-li, etl-wil-e, a-ke-

wul. Middle, ka-chuk, kat-suk.

Miserable, kla-hau-ya.

Moon, ok-tla-min', o-kla-min',

ok-klim-min'.

Morning, ekw-ti-letl; kau-ukb

Mortar, metate, o'hnb.

Mosquito, o-pe-nat-'sik-sik, 6-

pan-at-suk'suk.

Mother, tl’ka-na-a, kl-kkn-na-a.

Mountain, i-2>ak-kal.

Mouse, k’hol-k’hol.

Mouth, e-bes-kl, eb-be-skulkh.

Much, ok-ha-we.

Musket, shuk-wa-laria.

Musk rat, tsin-is-tsin-is, chin- nis-chin-nis.

Mussel {large, sea), en-nc-a-

bat.

N.

Nails {finger), tl-ketlli-o-te:tuk,

bel-ho-tetk ; [board), e-uk-

spat-ko-ba.

Name, yakh-hal, e-kul, e-a-cbil,

yak-hal.

Narrow, e-klub'a-bais.

Near, kwab-knt, kwap-ka-ti.

Neck, o-b6-bo-k\vi, eb-e-tok.

Needle, o-kwe-po-wa.

New, i-kwd-las, kwa-las.

Niece or nephew, kwa-wikhl. Night, po-lak-li, no-po-nuin.

Nine, kwaist.

No, nakst, nikst, nel’kst.

Noise, loud talking, ki-pal-la-

Wlll.

Noon, pa-ta, ot-lakb.

Nose, be-kats, e-be-katsk’li.

Not far, nil cst kwil-ia.

Nothing at all, nakst Ik-ta.

Notwithstanding, knkh'tsi.

Now, al-takli.

Numerals : 1, ikht.

2, raakst.

3, klone.

4, lak'et.

5, kvve-nuin.

6, takh'em.

7, sin'a-inakst.

OAK 16 RAL

8, stdt'kin.

9, kwaist.

10, tat-le-lum.

11, tat-le-lum i-kon ikht.

12, tat-le-lum i-kon makst.

20, makst tkhlatl.

30, klone tkhlatl.

100, i-taka-mo-nak. <

0. Oak tree, lats'kan, e-latsb'kan.

Off shore, mat-lin-i, mat-hlin-

ni.

Old, wit-1 ile-bai-it (worn), ya-ba-

lil-a (bad)] of persons, e-ki-

ok-whut, masc-., o-ki-ok-wut,

fern.

One, ikht.

On the other side, in'a-tai.

Open, ha-lakl, ek-ha-let.

Opposite, in-a-tai.

Other, s’hul-16-yi-ba.

Otter, land, e-na-na-muks; sea,

e-lak-e.

Out doors, klakh-a-ni, (klakh,

in sight.)

Overturn, to, ke-la-pai.

Oyster, klokh-klokh.

P.

Paddle, is'ik.

Paddle, to, au-kle-watsk.

Pantaloons, leggings, tsa-ka-

luks.

People, til'lig-hum; relations,

na-te-nan-a-we.

Perhaps, klonass.

Person, a, el-ka-tlil'khum; plur.

til'ig-hum, kwot-le-li-hub-uk.

Petticoat, of bark, kl-whe-lut’l.

Clats.

Pigeon, o-6-min, o-6-man.

Pin, kwe-kwi-ens, kle-bd-kwo-

te.

Pin, to, it-sikh'lan.

Pipe, o-ko-la-ba, kwil-hd-ba.

Pleased, yutlh.

Plank or board, tish'kan.

Plenty, ok-ha-we.

Plough, to, klukh il'a-ekli.

Poor, kla-hdu-ya.

Posts of house, o-ld-pat.

Posteriors, o-be-putsh.

Pound, to, (in nictate,) kse-k6t-

kutl.

Pour, to, wakh.

Powder horn, o-bd-kwul.

Prairie or meadow, tipsoil'-a-

ekh, i. e. grass land; to-

bdi-ya-ba.

Presently, al-kekh.

Push, to, an-e-tits-tub-ut.

Put into, to, as a box, an-e-le-

ket, e-la-kut.

Putrify, to, ydt-suks.

Q. Quick, ai-ak.

Quills, tep-e-e.

R. Rabbit, hare, kun'ne-mun'ne.

Raccoon, ek-wa-ldsh, ek-wul'-

las.

Rain, slel-hutst, stdu-il-huts.

RAI 17 SHU

Rainbow, o-lakhw-ted. Rat, e-o-lekhw, i-o-le-okh. Rattle, a, shukh-shukh. Rattlesnake, e-a-welkb. Raven, o-kwatl-kin-kin. Razor shell fish, e-6-na. Red, tl-pel-pel, kl-pel-pel, pil-pil. Ride on horseback, to, an-e-

kut-lai te kiu-i-tan. Ring, a, t’kweo-kweo. River, e-batl, e-batl-t’h, e-matl;

forks of, sin-kle-likh ; mouth of, si-a-bis.

Road, 6-e-hut. Roast, to, ba-he-liktch. Rock, e-kd-nuks. Roof tree, e-puktl. Run, to, 1 st pers. sing, bukh-

hun-e-ka; 2nd pers. sing. nukh-hun-e-ka-ya.

s. Sallal berry (Gualtheria Shalr

lon), kl-kwu-sha-la, salial. Salmon, ikwa-na, Chinook,

i-kwftn-na, or i-kwin-na, Clat¬ sop, the spring or silver salmon, S. quinnat, Richard¬ son ; i-kwa'na-ekh, Chinook, i-kwa-ni-yukh, Clatsop, the sea trout or square-tailed salmon (? 8. truncatus, Suckley) ; ot-soi' hakh, Clats. a smaller species, not identified; e-a- kul'lub-a, Clats. a large species, probably 8. scouleri, Rich. ; o-o'wun, Chin, and Clats. {? 8. canis, Suckley) ; o'la-atsh, a fall species, not identified; e-ke'khun-ne, Chi-

3

nook, o-kwdi-hun-ne', Clats, the salmon trout, S. spectabi- lis, Girard; o'hil-lo, Chin. ot-lal-whe', Clats. brook trout, 8. stellatus, Girard.

Salmon berry (berries, gene¬ ric), kla-li-li, kal-a:-y6-kwo, e-it-to-wa.

Salt, tle-pe-ukh, klu-pekh. Salutation, the, kla-hau-ya. Sand, che-kutt. Scissors, s’hub-ust. Sea, the, we-ko-wa, o-kwukh-a. Seal, a, ol-hai-yu. Sea otter, e-lak-e. Seat or chair, o-ko-la-kla-thb-o-

hat. Secret, al-hup-so, ip-sut. See, to, buk-hekst, an-ydk-

hub. Seine, na-ivai-itk. Seven, sin-a-makst. Sew, to, an-ekh-po. Sewellel (see aplodontia). Shake, to, to-to, hul-lel. Sharp, yah-kis-ilth, en-a-be-

hwat-lak. Clats. Sharpen, to, e-k4-lat. She, ukh-ka. Shining, to-wakh. Shoes, ta-ketl-pa, tuk-atl-ba. Shoot icith a bow, to, ya-ba-an-

6-la ; with a gun, tl-kope-au- se-ka.

Shoreward, niat-hwil-li, mal- hwun-ni.

Short (in dimension), ytits- kut-ta, yfits-kut.

Shot pouch, e-kwald, o-ba- hvvai.

Shut, to, ikh-pu-i; shut it, imp, ikh-pu-wa-wa.

SIC 18 SWI

Sick, et-sit-sa.

Sift, to, to-tokh-to-tokh.

Sight, in, klakl).

Sing, to, abs-ka-ld-lab ; I sing,

ne-kal-la-la-ba.

Sink, to, kel-lip-pe.

Sister, elder, tl-kokh, a-luikh-

kwun, knp-ho; younger, ats,

kl-kd-wukh, tsa-kwun.

Sit, to, a-bit-lait; sit down, imp.

nut-lilai-i-ta, mit-lait. Six, takh-um.

Skin, dressed, hakh-ha; un¬

dressed, a-ba-suu ; to skin an

animal, an-ai-ya'w’ks.

Skunk, a, o-pdu-pun.

Sky, tsu-natlt; clouds, e-ko-

sakh-sagh, kwi.

Slave, i-lai-tekh.

Sleep, to, a-bap-te; sleep, imp.

ab-ap-te; he sleeps, ai-ya-op-

te ; l am sleepy, e-e-wab-cke-

nakhw.

Slow, kla-wakh.

Small, ya-nokst, yan-o’kst. Smoke, t'whut.

Snake, tckai-yau, e-tsai-au.

Snow, tl’t-ka, il-kap-a.

Soft, tkle-min'-tkle-miu'.

Son, addressing him, akh;

speaking of him, o-chukh-ha,

et-sukh-ha, i-chakh-ha. Sour, si-a-ha-bost-ko.

Speak, to, kip-a-lad-ul, au-nuk- hem.

Spear fish, to, a-nel-kekhwks. Spherical, shuk-kok.

Spill, to, wakh.

Spit, to, klob-kwit.

Split, to, v. n. t’sukli; to S2)lit, v. a. tshkh-un-yd-lio.

Spotted, tsum.

Spring, chd-e-pai, tsa-e-pai.

Spruce tree, e-pe-natl’h.

Squirrel,pine, e-kau-tau, skwis-

kwis (Cathl.); ground, 6t-se-

kin.

Stand, to, a-bftt-wke, a-mit-

whit; stand up, imp. a-met-

whet, nut-hwi-ta.

Star, ke-lia-nup, plur. ke-ha-

ndp-uks ; te-ha'nub, ek-ai-hd-

nap.

Steam, to, (in cooking), e-ap-

kol.

Stick with a knife, to, an-ai-il

ka-be opt-sakh, (ka-be, adv.)

Stink, batch-kus.

Stone, tl-ka-nuks, ka-naks.

Stop, imp. ko-pet'.

Stove, iron fire place, ek-kdi-

we-ke-a-ke-uk o-61-pits-ki.

Strawberry, klab-o-te, am-t\-

te. Strike, to, no'h-hwe-gai-yakk.

Striped* (figured), tzum.

Strong, stet-hlau, ekst-hdt-lau,

tdl-he-wil. Sturgeon, e-nak-ho, in-ak-hau, •

e-ndi-na'kun’h. •

Summer, cha-ko-ye, tsa-ko'ye.

Sun, o-ot-lakh.

Surf (xcaves), o-ko'o-la, o-ko-

lal'h.

Swan, ke-lokh, ke-luk.

Sweet, tsee, yat-se-bub.

Sweetheart, o'be-kwil-likh.

Swell, to, at-lo-da-wil-hakh.

Swim, to, sit-shum, at-lo-kwe-

•ka.

TAI 19 UPS

)

T. Tail {of an animat), o-ye-aitsk,

o-itch, o-ya-be-be-tle.

Take, to, is'kum, is'kub; take

that {imp.), is'kauh-kik-e-at;

to take of' {as a kettle), klakw. Tale or story, e-ka-nam.

Talk, to, te-ke-pa-la-wul ( ? to

be talkative).

Tamanous, to make, nuk-cha- bai-ya.

Tattooing, tes-ko.

Teach, to, n’t-hd-hwe-le.

Tear, to, klukh-klukh.

Ten, tat-le-lum.

Teeth, kl-be-ats’h, tl-be-at-sukh.

That, ek-kek, o-koke, yakh-ka.

There, ya-wakh.

There is none {not one), ke-

hikht ikbt.

They, klus-ka; they two {dual), stukli-ka.

Thick, e-yhkh-e-tlau-un.

Thin, pi-hwat-ti.

Thing, a, t’ka-bo-ta.

Thirty, klon tkhlatl.

This, o-koke.

Thistle root, shan'a-tau.

Thou, raai-ka.

Thread, klip-ait'.

Three, klon.

Throw a stone, to, en-kult-sib.

Thunder, e-kan-a-\vak-so-ba,

kun-na-wok-so-ba.

Tid e, flood, klo-weshk, klo-wits'-

kwit, kla-wits-kot; ebb, t’hul-

a-we-kwot, hol-a-we-kot.

Tie, to, kau-kau; tie it {imp.),

kau e-hakh.

Tip, to, lakh.

To, ko-pa.

Toad, e-ka-tin-a-hikh-liikh.

Tobacco, ekai-nutl, e-se-ha-

lolt.

To-day, a-ko'ot-lakh', 6-ka-ot-

lakh. Toes, te-bel-ho-tetk.

To-morrow, wa-ki, wukh-i,

wuk-ke; day after, ya-wek.

Tongue, e-be-min-kwin-n e-bat,

e-men-kan-u-ba.

Tortoise, it-la-hwa, et-lak-

hwa.

Towards the water {when

on shore), mat-hlin-m; to¬

wards the woods, mat-kwil-li,

mal-hwunni.

Trail or road, a, o'e-hut.

Tree, a-baktsh; plur. tl'bdk-

shu-ba, yot'h.

Trot, to, te-te-ha-ho.

Twelve, tat-le-lum i-kon makst.

Twenty, makst tkhlatl.

Twilight, chft-yus-te.

Twine, klip-ait.

Two, makst.

Trout, speckled, ot-lal-hwe, 6-

hil-lo; salmon trout, ok-kwai'-

hun-ne, e-ke-hun-ne.

u.

Ugly {bad face), es-ta-ba-li-la

ska-khost.

Uncle, kla-ta-ta; my uncle,

e-chat-ta-ta.

Under, kik-hwi-li.

Untie, to, stokli.

Upset, to, ke-la-pdi.

VEI 20 YOU

Y. Veins, te-bek-bet-blau. Village, tlik-hum.

w. Walk (imp.), no-ya-pen-ka. Want, to, ti-kekb. Wappatoo root, tuk-liat, tuk'-

but. Warm, no-sko-it. Warrior, yukh-hwa-lots, tl-to'-

hi-al, yuks-bet-lau, ya-whdi- luts.

Wasp, yelloic, e'a-kai-nekb-pa. Water, tl-sbk, tl-cbukw, Clats.

Waterfall, ke-ke-satsk. Waves, ok-6-la, o-ko-lal'k, o-k6-

o-la. We, ne-sdi-ka; toe tico (dual),

ni-tai-ka. Whale, e-ko-li. What, ik-ta; what is your

name ? kau-ti e-bek-hol; what news do you bring ?

ka-da-ta be-wa-cba. Where, kakk ; where did you

come from ? kakh e-wa-ta e-te-ba.

White, t'k6i)e. Who, t'kluk-sta, klak-sta, tluk-

sta. V/hole, entire, lo'wul-lo. Why, ka-ta. Wicked, ma-sa-chi, e-yd-ma-ha. Wide, hd-lakl, ek-ha-let, tluk-

utlh, e-ya-butsh.

Wife, ki-kfil; my wife, o-kwlk- o-kul, ok-wdk-lie-kal; his wife,

o-yak-he-kal. Wild cat, e-pukw. Win, to, an-uk-ilt. Wind, ik-bd-la, its-ha, i-its-

liakk ; JV. E. wind, it-lilub'a- whut; N. TU wind, a-kd-wul, ka-wi-lukh; S. or11 Tilamooks"

wind, e-ka-a-but, ka-ba-tuk; TV. wind, e-a-ka-lutsk’h.

Wings, ai-yd-ko, tup-a-ekh. Winter, clia-ka-luk-kle, tsd-ba-

luk-le. Wood, tub-uss’h, tub-baskh. Woodpecker (picus pileatns),

ok-hotl-pa. Wolf, large, le-le-uk-kub, il-e-

dk-hum; prairie, i-td-la-pas. Woman, kle-a-kil, tla-ki-il, ta¬

na-busks. Work, to, al-kli6tsh-ke. Worthless, kal-tas. Wound, to, kwutl’h. Writing, a, e-chd-hwe.

Y. Year, a, e-ke-lak. Yellow, kau-kau-ak, ptse’k. Yes, a-ba, ek-d-a; yes indeed,

na-wxt-ka. Yesterday, tanl-ki, taunl-kikb. You (plural), mi-sai-ka ; you

two (dual), but-di-ka. Young, e-kas-kus (masc.), o-kos-

kus (fem.); young man, ek- wa-lip, kwul-lep’h, mil-kwa- lip 5 young woman, kla-lek.

LOCAL NOMENCLATURE.

Coast below Point Adams.

Ni-a-kok'si. Neacoxie, a creek at the head of Clatsop Plains. The

word is said to refer to the small pines at its mouth.

Ni-ka'na-hum. Another creek near the above.

Wa-hun'ni. A creek and small lake at Perry’s, near the above.

Til'a-muks. The correct spelling of the word usually written Kil-

lamook, and applied to the promontory south of the Columbia,

called also Cape Lookout. It originally belonged, I presume,

to some site in the Tilamuks country.

E'kuli. The Ecola creek of Lewis and Clarke ; so called by them

because a whale (e'ku-li) was washed ashore there. It has

been adopted by the settlers; whether by the Indians, I am

not positive.

Ni-a-ka'ni. Neacarnie Head, also called False Ivillamook.

Ni-he-lem. The Nehalem river, or probably some village site near

its mouth.

Ka'ha-le'tchi. Killamook river.

Na-hats' or Na'ta-hats. Another bay south of Killamook.

Na-wug-ga, Nes-tug-ga. Two small streams running into the coast

below the last. Ni-ches-ni. Another stream, a promontory intervening.

Nes-la'chi. The Siletz or Celetse river, in the Indian reservation, so

called.

Ya-ku'na. A bay south of the last.

Note.—The names of places south of Killamook Head, not

being in the Chinook country, may have been derived from

the Tilamuks. They were given me by Mr. S. H. Smith,

of Clatsop.

Columbia River, North Side.

No-ho'te. McKenzie’s head.

Ka-is'. Cape Hancock or Disappointment.

Ka'so-lit. The landing at Baker’s hay.

Walla-kut. Creek near Baker’s bay.

Wap-pa-lo'chi. Creek at Dawson’s.

Nos-whoi-milkhs. Dawson’s.

No'shutl. McCarty’s.

No'si-misp. Scarborough’s hill.

Nos-to-ils. Chinook point.

No-wetl-kai-ils. Point Ellice.

Kem-tsa. Deep river.

Mok-ho or Mo-hul. Gray’s river.

Na-katl-kwai. Yellow Bluff.

Kwet-sa-kas'na. Pillar Rock.

Wa-kai-a-tum'a. Jim Crow hill.

Wa-kai-a-kum. The Indian village above it.

I-lo-ka-min. Creek below Birnie’s.

Ivwil-Ki-chinl. Birnie’s (now called Cathlemet).

Ni-kis-ti-kok. Abernethy’s mill stream.

Chem-is'tik-ki. Creek above Abernethy’s.

Nik-wal. Creek below Cowlitz river.

Columbia River, South Side.

Klat-sop. Point Adams.

Nai-a'ak-sten. Raymond’s.

Skip-pi-nau-in. Skipanoun creek.

Ne-tul. “ Lewis and Clarke’s river;” their wintering place in

1806-7. Nak-i-klau-a-nak. The first fork of Young’s river.

Ivlats'ka-nai. Second fork of the same. The name also given to

another creek emptying into the Columbia at Oak Point. Both

were in the territory of the tribe so called.

A-wak'atl. Astoria.

Not-la-kwok. Adair’s.

A-wak'sil. Shortess’.

23

Su-kum-its'i-ak. Tongue Point.

Kat-hla'met. Tlie site of the village near Cathlamet Point.

Kukhn-yak, Kakhu-yak. Oak Point.

Shoalwatee Bay.

A-ti'so-wil. Bear river, a creek running into the southern end of

the bay.

Ta'lit. Creek on the southern sand spit, now Tarlitt settlement.

Chik'lis-ilkh. Point Leadbetter, meaning the place of the Chihalis

people.

Ti'chuts. The peninsula.

Nas'tu. Sand island.,

Mo-kwol. South side of Nasal river.

Ne-sal or Le-sult. The Nasal river.

El-a-mi'a-kolt. Creek below the Nasal.

Pe-luks or Ko-pe-luks. Palux river.

Na-wau-kum, Kwil-kwil-im. Two small creeks above the last.

Kwul-kwul. Indian village at Swan’s.

Kwal-so-wilkh. Russell’s.

Wa'hots. Champ’s.

Kwin’ap'tilkh or Kwil-ap'tin-lilkh. Stuart’s Point.

Wil'lo-pa. The Willopah river; properly some site upon it.

Amps'kom. Vail’s.

Ka'kilkh. Creek west of the Willopah.

Nek-o-man'chi or Nu-hu-min'i-ke. North river.

Aikh-aikh. A creek above the last.

Kwapt-sum. Toke’s Point.

A'si-hat, No'it-wu, Klo'milt, Su-it-tum. Localities in the neighbor¬

hood of Toke’s Point.

Chi-kual'sta. A site under Cape Shoalwater.

Note.—It is probable that some of these names are not Chi¬

nook, but Chihalis. Nawaukum, for instance, is also the

name of one of the branches of the Chihalis river, which

empties into Gray’s bay.

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