All roads lead to the Elements. Creator: Dmitri Mendeleev Early periodic table: Arranged according...
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Transcript of All roads lead to the Elements. Creator: Dmitri Mendeleev Early periodic table: Arranged according...
![Page 1: All roads lead to the Elements. Creator: Dmitri Mendeleev Early periodic table: Arranged according to Avg. Atomic Mass Contained 63 elements Predicted.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649eea5503460f94bfbb13/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
All roads lead to the Elements
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The Periodic Table Creator: Dmitri Mendeleev Early periodic table: Arranged according
to Avg. Atomic MassContained 63 elementsPredicted 3 yet-to-be elementsLeft spaces for undiscovered elements
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Mendeleev’s 1st Sketch
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1st Publication
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What do you do to a wrinkled shirt?
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Henry Moseley – 1913
Learned that each element has a specific number of protons
Developed modern periodic table
Based upon Protons
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Periods: the horizontal rows on the periodic table (left to right)
Groups/Families: the vertical columns on the periodic table (up and down)
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Electron Configuration Periods = Energy Level Sub Levels labeled (s, p, d, & f)
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Puns
Mickey’s pal
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Valence Electrons Valence electrons: electrons in the
outermost shell
Octet Rule: the stable arrangement for all elements is to have 8 valence electrons
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Group 1: Alkali Metals Group 2: Alkaline-Earth Metals Group 3-12: Transition Metals Group 17: Halogens Group 18: Nobel Gases
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Groups/Families Group 1: Alkali Metals
SoftShinyHas 1 Valence electronHighly reactive
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Group 2: Alkaline-Earth MetalsReactive (not as reactive as Alkali Metals)2 valence electrons
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Puns
Mr. Mony’s enemy
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Group 3-12: Transition MetalsCan have more than 1 oxidation numberMetallicWide-range of uses
Iron, Cobalt, Copper, and Manganese use in your body
Copper for electrical wires Gold, Silver, Platinum in jewelry
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Group 17: HalogensVery ReactiveHave 7 Valence electronsTend to find in compounds
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Puns
Name of a goofy convict
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Group 18: Noble Gases8 Valence electronsUnreactive
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Puns
What a dog does with a bone?
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Oxidation number: a number used to indicate how many electrons will be gained or lostAg (+1), Zn (+2), Cd (+2)
Ion: a charged atom
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Puns
Police
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Metalloids: B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po (have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals)Metals: shiny, malleable, ductile, good conductorsNon-metals: primarily gases, poor conductors
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Atomic Radii- distance from the nucleus to the outermost stable electron
Electronegativity- ability of an atom to attract electrons and form a chemical bond
Ionization Energy- the energy needed to remove an electron
Ionic Radii- distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron in an ion
Increases moving down the columns and increases right to left
Increases moving up the columns and increases left to right (Noble Gas family has 0 electronegativity)
Increases moving up the columns and increases left to right
Increases moving down a family (Noble Gas Trick)
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Cont’d
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Extinct
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Practice Which group/family will not bond with
any other elements?
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How many valence electrons does Phosphorus have?
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Which element is the most electronegative?
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To follow the octet rule how many valence electrons do all elements want?
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How many valence electrons does Calcium have?
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Family with 7 valence electrons and highly reactive?
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What is the oxidation number for Oxygen?
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Which element is more metallic Ag or Ge?
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Puns
Imitation Diamond