All About Project and Program

8/12/2019 All About Project and Program

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OUTLINE:

I. Definition of Terms

II.Project Classification

and Categories

III.Advantages and

Limitations of Project

Approach

IV.Importance of Project

and Program Development


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Refers to a great variety of endeavors.

WHY?

Project

(NEDA, 1984:1)


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For small-scale projects may be defined as

Any activity that involves the use of one ormore scarce resources during a specific timeperiod for the purpose of producing socio-economic return in the form of goods and

services.

Project

(1984:1)


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Project may be viewed as investment

Encompasses not only physical infrastructurefacilities and equipment but also developmentservices such as agricultural extension,

research and training.

Project

(1984:1)


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NOTE:

The distinction of project to program,project is

Smaller,

Separable operational element that

lends itself to being

Planned,

Financed, and

Implemented independently.

(1984:1)


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Comprehensive Plan

Program

Project

Activities/Tasks

(Leones, 1997:13)


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Project CategoriesObjectives

Sectors

Number of purposes

(1984:2)


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Objectives


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Sectors


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Number of Purposes


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Project Classification Independent Projects

Mutually-exclusive projects

Complementary Projects


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Direct instrumentto bring about

desired changes

in a society oreconomy.

(1984:2-3)


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(1984:2-3)

It complements and supplements otherpolicy instruments in bringing forth

desired changes in society.


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(1984:5)

It provides information onexisting and potentialinvestments and their

probable impact on nationalobjectives;


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(1984:5)

It provides moremeaningful indicators

(than for example, marketprices) for reflecting true

scarcity of resourceswhen market forces do

not;


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(1984:5)

It provides information on the impactof proposed investments on different

regiments of society (beneficiariesgovernment, etc.);


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(1984:5)

It enables for better judgment of administrativeand organizational problems that mayencountered, making the investment more

manageable;


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(1984:5)

It encouragesconscious

generation andexamination of

alternatives; and


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a. Being inherently a partial analysis, it does not take intoconsideration its own and related projects impact on theeconomy. Hence, there is a danger that factors assumed to

be constant may in fact change as a result of the project andcan therefore drastically affect the projectsfinal outcome;b. It cannot totally predict changing technological trends (such

as in the electronic industry), thereby limiting capability forevaluating risk;

c. It poses difficulties in evaluating easily quantifiable projectswith those that are more subjective (for instance, education).In this case, evaluation must be more qualitative and in line

with overall development plans;d. It is more applicable to investments where there is a clear

cost-benefit stream, and well-defined beneficiaries and areasof coverage; in which case, ongoing services such as policeand fire protection, extension, and general education, mayprobably be better analyzed as programs; and

e. It cannot adequately compare objectives that are not

subject to valuing (for instance, regional integration, nationalintegrity).(1984:5-6)


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Leones, J.T. (1997). Social Planning And Program

Development.

NEDA (1984). Project Development Manual.

Philippines.

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