Alkaline earth metal elementsAlkaline earth metal elements are metallic elements belonging to group 2 of the periodic table. Those elements are beryllium, magnesium, clcium, strontium, barium and radium.Generally, the properties of alkaline earth metal elements are as follows:1. Alkaline earth metals are strong reducing agents. It is indicated by the electrode potential value of the alkaline earth metals which is low ( negative ).2. Alkaline earths metals are reactive enough, but the reactivity of the alkaline earth metals is less than that of the alkali metals.3. Alkaline earth metals are rather brittle, but in a certain condition the alkaline earth metals are malleable and extrudable.4. Alkaline earth metals are good conductors because they can conduct electricity well.5. When the alkaline earth metals are heated, they can burn readily in air.6. From beryllium to barium, the atoic radii are increasingly larger; the ionization energy and the electronegativity are increasingly smaller; and the reduction power is increasingly stronger.7. The valence electron configuration of alkaline earth meals is ns2, so they are easy to release the valence electrons to achieve a more stable configuration in the form of X2+ ions. ( X= alkaline earth metal atoms )8. The alkaline earth metal crystals are denser and harder than that of alkali metals.Specifictly: Beryllium ( Be )Beryllium is one of alkaline earth metals which is gray and brittle. The important data are as follows: It was found by Louis Nicolas Vauquelin in 1798 and it was successfully isolated by Friedrich Wohler and Antoine Alenzandre-Brutus Bussy in 1828 independently. It has atomic mass of 9.01218 amu It has atomic number of 4 It has atomic radius of 1.12 It has electron configuration of 2 2 or [He] 2s2 In its compounds it has oxidation number of +2 It has atomic volume of 5.0 cm3/mol The crystal structure is hexagonal. It has boiling point of 2,4710C It has melting point of 1,2870C It has density of 1.65 gr/cm3 It has heat capacity of 1.825 J/gK It has electrode potential of -1,85 volt It has electronegativity of 1.57 It has electric conductivity of 25x106ohm-1cm-1 It has heat conductivity of 200 W/mK It has value of formation enthalpy of 11.71 kJ/mol It has the value of evaporation enthalpy of 297 kJ/mol It has the first ionization energy of 900 kJ/mol It has the second ionization energy of 1,800 kJ/mol

Beryllium ranks about 51s in the abundance among the elements in earths crust. In the nature, beryllium is found in the form of ores which is often present with aluminium.

Magnesium ( Mg)Magnesium is one of alkaline earth metals which is silvery white and is relatively unreactive. The important data are as follows;

It was found by Joseph Black in 1755 It has atomic mass of 24.305 amu It has atomic number of 12 It has atomic radius of 1.60 It has electron configuration of 2 8 2 or [Ne] 3s2 In its compounds it has oxidation number of +2 It has atomic volume of 14 cm3/mol The crystal structure is hexagonal It has boiling point of 1,090 0C It has melting point of 6490C It has density of 1,74 gr/cm3 It has heat capacity of 1.02 J/gK It has electrode potential of -2,37 volt It has electronegativity of 1,31 It has electric conductivity of 22,4x106ohm-1cm-1 It has heat conductivity of 156 W/mK It has the value of formation enthalpy of 8.95 kJ/mol It has the value of evaporation enthalpy 127.6 kJ/mol It has the first ionization energy of 740 kJ/mol It has the second ionization energy of 1,450 kJ/mol

Magnesium ranks eighth in the abundance among elements in crustal rocks. It is only found in the form of its compounds, especially as the minerals dolomite, magnesite, and carnallite. Magnesium is also found in many rock-forming silicates, and as salts, for example magnesium chloride. Besides, magnesium is present as constituent of animal and plant tissue.

Calcium ( Ca )Calcium is one of alkaline earth metals which is reactive and silvery white. It is found in the earths crust In amount of about three percent.The important data are as follows:

It was found by Humphry Davy in 1808 It has atomic mass of 40,078 amu It has atomic number of 20 It has atomic radius of 1.97 It has electron configuration of 2 8 8 2 or [Ar] 4s2 In its compounds it has oxidation number of +2 It has atomic volume of 29.90 cm3/mol The crystal structure is fcc It has boiling point of 1,4840C It has melting point of 8420C It has density of 1,55 gr/cm3 It has heat capacity of 0.647 J/gK It has electrode potential of -2,87 volt It has electronegativity of 1 It has electric conductivity of 31.3x106ohm-1cm-1 It has heat conductivity of 200 W/mK It has the value of formation enthalpy of 8.53 kJ/mol It has the value of evaporation enthalpy 154.67 kJ/mol It has the first ionization energy of 590 kJ/mol It has the second ionization energy of 1,150 kJ/mol

Calcium is one of abundant elements in this nature. It is fifthe in abundance among the elements in earths crust. Because calcium is a reactive element, it is often found in nature in the form of its compounds, such as calcium carbonate ( CaCO3) of which calcite, marble and limestone are composed; calcium sulfate (CaSO4) in alabaster or gypsum ;calcium fluoride (CaF2) in florite;calcium phosphate ( Ca3(PO4)2 in rock phosphate. And in many silcates.

Strontium ( Sr )Strontium is one of alkaline earh metals which is soft, yellow or silvery white, reative, malleable, and ductile. The important data are as follows:

It was found by Humphry Davy in 1808 It has atomic mass of 87.62 amu It has atomic number of 38 It has atomic radius of 2.15 It has electron configuration of 2 8 1 8 8 2 or [Kr] 5s2 In its compounds it has oxidation number of +2 It has atomic volume of 33.7 cm3/mol The crystal structure is fcc It has boiling point of 1,3830C It has melting point of 7770C It has density of 2.54 gr/cm3 It has heat capacity of 0.3 J/gK It has electrode potential of -2,89 volt It has electronegativity of 0,95 It has electric conductivity of 5.0x106ohm-1cm-1 It has heat conductivity of 35.3 W/mK It has the value of formation enthalpy of 8.2 kJ/mol It has the value of evaporation enthalpy 136.9 kJ/mol It has the first ionization energy of 550 kJ/mol It has the second ionization energy of 1,060 kJ/mol

In this nature, strontium ranks about 15th among the elements in abundance in earths crust. Strontium is usually found in the form of its compounds, among others are as strontianite (SrCO3) and celestite ( SrSO4).

Barium ( Ba )Barium is one of alkaline earth metal which is soft, silvery, highly reactive, toxic. The important data about barium are as follows.

It was found by Humphry Davy in 1808 It has atomic mass of 137.33 amu It has atomic number of 56 It has atomic radius of 2.22 It has electron configuration of 2 8 18 18 82 or [Xe] 6s2 In its compounds it has oxidation number of +2 It has atomic volume of 39 cm3/mol The crystal structure is bcc It has boiling point of 1.8970C It has melting point of 7270C It has density of 3.59gr/cm3 It has heat capacity of 0.204 J/gK It has electrode potential of -2,90 volt It has electronegativity of 0.89 It has electric conductivity of 2,8x106ohm-1cm-1 It has heat conductivity of 18.4 W/mK It has the value of formation enthalpy of 8.01 kJ/mol It has the value of evaporation enthalpy 140.2 kJ/mol It has the first ionization energy of 500 kJ/mol It has the second ionization energy of 970 kJ/mol

Barium makes up 1/2000th parts of earths crust and is only found in the form of compounds, such as barium carbonate ( witherite ) and barium sulfate.

Radium ( Ra )Radium is one of alkaline earth metal which is highly radioactive, reactive, and silvery white. The important data are as follows.

It was found by Marie Curie 1898 It has atomic mass of 226.0254 amu It has atomic number of 88 It has atomic radius of 2.23 It has electron configuration of 2 8 18 32 18 8 2 or [Rn] 7s2 In its compounds it has oxidation number of +2 It has atomic volume of 45.2cm3/mol The crystal structure is bcc It has boiling point of 1,1400C It has melting point of 7000C It has density of 5.0 gr/cm3+ It has heat capacity of 0.094 J/gK It has electronegativity of 0.89 It has electric conductivity of 1.0x106ohm-1cm-1 It has heat conductivity of 18.6 W/mK It has the value of formation enthalpy of 8.37 kJ/mol It has the value of evaporation enthalpy 136.82 kJ/mol

The reactions of alkaline earth metalsFrom beryllium to barium the reactivity of alkaline earth metal elements rises increasingly.1. The reaction of alkaline earth metal elements to water 2. The reaction of alkaline earth metal elements to oxygen3. The reaction of alkaline earth metal elements to nitrogen4. The reaction of alkaline earth metal elements to halogen5. The reaction of alkaline earth metal elements to hydrogen6. The reaction of alkaline earth metal elements to acids and bases7. The flame colour of alkaline earth metals

8. 9.