Leadership

"the behavioural process of influencing individuals and groups towards set goals".

What makes a good leader?

Good ; decision-making; ; of activity;

with performers; ;

; ; ;

04/20/23Akeley Wood PE Dept

2

communication effective

enthusiasm knowledge

empathy vision

motivational

organised

confidentcharismatic

04/20/23Akeley Wood PE Dept

3

Effective Leadership

Leader’s Qualities

Leadership style

Type of Situation

Follower’s Qualities

Leaders born –

Emergent leaders –

Prescribed leaders –

04/20/23Akeley Wood PE Dept

4

from within a group – leadership qualities

appointed by a higher authority

personality trait to be a leader

Largely discredited

Interactional model

Leadership style –

Task - Team members -

04/20/23Akeley Wood PE Dept

5

task orientated – performance

person orientated – relationships

leader’s characteristics

situational characteristics

member characteristics

04/20/23Akeley Wood PE Dept

6

Leadership style

Situational characteristics

Members characteristics

Leaders needs to adapt style to suit and Task orientated - focus on

best when

Person-orientated – focus on

best when

04/20/23Akeley Wood PE Dept

7

tasksituation

team performance

developing relationships

discipline needed

skilled performers

motivated

good resources

limited resources

low ability

unstructured task

Autocratic –

Democratic –

Laissez-faire -

04/20/23Akeley Wood PE Dept

8

leader-centred

command approach

authorative

co-operative approach

involve whole group in decisions

passive role few decisions

provides little feedback

not good for sport

04/20/23Akeley Wood PE Dept

9

Leadership styles

Autocratic/task orientated – command

Democratic/ person

orientated –co-operative

Laissez-faire - passive

Use task-orientated / autocratic in

Use person-orientated / democratic in

04/20/23Akeley Wood PE Dept

10

Most favourable situations

Least favourable situations

Moderately favourable situations

Leadership Scale for Sports – dimensions:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

04/20/23Akeley Wood PE Dept

11

Training and instructing behaviour

structured approach technical / tactics

Democratic group involvement

Autocratic leader makes decisions

Social support look after group

Rewarding reinforces good performance

depends on individual’s performances

Novices prefer

Individual sport’s performers prefer

Team players prefer

Females prefer Older performers prefer

04/20/23Akeley Wood PE Dept

12

rewards democratic style

social support

democratic style social support

democratic style

autocratic style

training and instruction

democratic stylesocial support training and instruction

When does good leadership happen?When –

04/20/23Akeley Wood PE Dept

13

• Preferred behaviour of members

• Required behaviour of situation

• Actual behaviour of leader

All match

04/20/23Akeley Wood PE Dept

14

Situational characteristics

Leaders characteristics

Members characteristics

Required behaviour

Actual behaviour

Preferred behaviour

1. Quality of Performance2. Level of satisfaction

AntecedentsLeaders

behaviourConsequences

Success in sport is often linked to effective leadership. Fiedler (1967) suggested that the effectiveness of a leader depended upon the extent to which the leader’s style fitted the situation the team were in.

(a) Name the two styles of leader that Fiedler identified and describe the different situations where each style is most effective. (5 marks)

(b) Chelladurai suggested additional factors, other than the leader’s characteristics and different situations, which must be taken into account when assessing the effectiveness of leadership. Identify and explain one of these factors.

(2 marks)

04/20/23Akeley Wood PE Dept

15

(a) 1. Task and person orientated/autocratic and democratic; sub max 1 mark

2. Task/autocratic – better in most and least favourable situations;3. Better with larger groups/teams;4. Better when quick decisions needed5. dangerous situations;6. Better when clear/impersonal goals; sub max 2 marks7. Person/democratic – better in moderately favourable situations;8. Better with small groups/individuals;9. Better when quick decisions not needed/dangerous situations; sub max 2

marks(b)1. Group members’ characteristics;2. e.g. their experience/knowledge/attitudes/needs /age/ability/gender/personalities;

max 2 marksor3. Performers expectations/preferred behaviour;4. What the athlete wants/expects from coach/situation; max 2 marksor5. Performance outcomes/satisfaction;6. Level of satisfaction that leadership gives to members/athlete; max 2 marks

04/20/23Akeley Wood PE Dept

16