AIRCRAFT DE-ICING PLAN Winter Season 2016/2017 Ljubljana...AEA, Recommendations for...

AIRCRAFT DE-ICING PLAN Winter Season 2016/2017

5.5.4.11

Aircraft De-icing Plan, Winter Season 2016/2017

Author: Senior Airport Technology Engineer Publisher: TEC-A

Revision: 5.0 Valid from: 01.10.2016

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Prepared Checked (formal) Checked Checked Approved

Unit Airport

Technology Integrated

Governance Syst. Ground Handling

Safety and Security

Chief Operating Officer

Name Brane Kankelj Taja Smolič Ljubo Moštrokol Dušan Sofrič Robert Gradišar

Date 23.09.2016 26.09.2016 26.09.2016 26.09.2016 26.09.2016

Signature

l.r l.r l.r l.r l.r

AVTORSKE PRAVICE / COPYRIGHT

Nosilec vseh avtorskih pravic na tem dokumentu je Aerodrom Ljubljana, d.o.o.

Copyright © 2016 Aerodrom Ljubljana, d.o.o.

Vse pravice pridržane. Vsakršno razmnoževanje, kopiranje, distribuiranje ali predelava tega dokumenta, v celoti ali posameznih delov v komercialne ali nekomercialne namene ni dovoljeno brez predhodnega soglasja v pisni obliki od nosilca te pravice.

Zakon, ki ščiti in ureja to zadevo je Zakon o avtorskih in sorodnih pravicah.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, remodelled, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the permission in writing from the owner of these rights.

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Table of content 1 BASIC INFORMATION .................................................................................................................................. 4

1.1 Contacts for Aircraft De-icing/Anti-icing Services at Ljubljana Airport: ................................................... 4 2 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................ 5

2.1 Description of terms and abbreviations .................................................................................................. 5 2.1.1 De-icing ......................................................................................................................................... 5

2.1.2 Anti-icing ....................................................................................................................................... 5

2.1.3 Hold-Over Time ............................................................................................................................. 5

2.1.4 De/Anti Icing Declaration ............................................................................................................... 5

2.1.5 Aircraft De-icing/Anti-icing Fluid .................................................................................................... 5

2.1.6 Post De-icing/Anti-icing check ....................................................................................................... 5

2.1.7 Anti-icing code ............................................................................................................................... 5

3 DE-ICING/ANTI-ICING PROCEDURES ......................................................................................................... 6

3.1 General conditions for de-icing/anti-icing ............................................................................................... 6 3.2 Basic Principles ...................................................................................................................................... 6

3.2.1 One step de-icing .......................................................................................................................... 6

3.2.2 Two step de-icing/anti-icing ........................................................................................................... 6

3.3 De-icing/anti-icing fluids ......................................................................................................................... 6 3.4 Priorities for Aircraft De-icing/Anti-Icing ................................................................................................. 6 3.5 De-icing/anti-icing vehicles..................................................................................................................... 7 3.6 De-icing/anti-icing notification ................................................................................................................ 7 3.7 De-icing on parking position ................................................................................................................... 8 3.8 De-icing on remote position (DE-1, TWY P, TWY N, TWY M) ............................................................... 8 3.9 De-icing on manoeuvring areas ............................................................................................................. 8 3.10 De-icing of general aviation aircraft ........................................................................................................ 8 3.11 Communication ...................................................................................................................................... 9 3.12 Recording and controlling of the de-icing/anti-icing ............................................................................... 9 3.13 Special icing conditions and de-icing requirements ............................................................................... 9

4 ATTACHMENTS .......................................................................................................................................... 10

4.1 Example of communication between the CMDR, TWR and the Airport Services regarding aircraft de-icing/anti-icing ................................................................................................................................................... 10 4.2 Guidelines for holdover times anticipated for Type I and Type IV fluid mixtures in Active Frost Conditions ......................................................................................................................................................... 11 4.3 Guideline for Holdover times Anticipated for Type I Fluid Mixtures ...................................................... 12 4.4 Guidelines for holdover times anticipated for Type IV fluid .................................................................. 13 4.5 Main apron with the De-icing pad DE-1, TWY P, TWY N and TWY M ................................................. 14

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1 BASIC INFORMATION

This document describes materials, equipment and operational procedures in de-icing and anti-icing of aircraft at Ljubljana Airport during the official winter season – from October 15 th to April 15 th, of the following year. The de-icing and anti-icing procedures were established according to the recommendations made by ICAO, ISO and AEA and are intended to ensure safe, timely and efficient removal of ice, snow, slush and other deposits from aircraft surfaces. The basic intention of this document is not to substitute the procedures laid down in AIP - Aeronautical Information Publications, but to offer additional information to the operating staff of various airlines so as to ensure that all aircraft de-icing procedures are carried out properly and safely. This plan will be reviewed annually and published before the start of the new winter season. This edition of the Aircraft De-Icing Plan is based on the:

AEA, Recommendations for De-Icing/Anti-Icing Aeroplanes on the Ground, 31st Edition, July 2016,

AEA, Annex A, Guidelines for Holdover Times, 31th Edition, August 2016,

ICAO Doc 9640-AN/940, Manual of Aircraft Ground De-icing/Anti-icing Operations, 2nd Edition – 2000,

ISO 11075: Aircraft - De-icing/anti-icing fluids – ISO type I,

ISO 11076: Aircraft - De-icing/anti-icing methods on the ground,

ISO 11077: Aircraft ground equipment – De-icers - Functional requirements,

ISO 11078: Aircraft - De-icing/anti-icing fluids – ISO types II, III and IV,

Aerodrom Ljubljana, Razleditev in protileditev letal – Navodilo za delo letaliških operativnih služb, (Aerodrom Ljubljana, Manual for Aircraft De-icing/Anti-icing, DE-OPS-WS 2016/2017).

1.1 Contacts for Aircraft De-icing/Anti-icing Services at Ljubljana Airport:

De-icing/Anti-icig provider AERODROM LJUBLJANA D.O.O. Zgornji Brnik 130A SI-4210 Brnik-aerodrom

Robert Gradišar Chief of Operations

Tel.: +386 4 2061 201 Fax: +386 4 2061 217 E-mail: [email protected]

Ljubo Moštrokol Ground Handling Manager


Brane Kankelj Senior Airport Technology Engeneer; Aircraft De-icing/Anti-icing


Ground Handling De-icing Coordinator

Tel.: +386 4 2061 215 Fax: +386 4 2061 217 E-mail: [email protected] VHF Radio Frequency: 131,400 MHz

mailto:[email protected]

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2 INTRODUCTION

Snow and ice on the airport are usually the reasons for the occurrence of bottlenecks in ground handling of aircraft. These problems are mainly caused by the following factors:

Limited number of staff, vehicles and de-icing/anti-icing equipment;

Limited capacities needed for cleaning the apron, manoeuvring areas and runways;

Constant changes of weather conditions at the airport;

Delays and cancellations of flights on other lines; and

Unfavourable working conditions.

To prevent or reduce delays in air-traffic during the winter season it is extremely important to start and finish all preliminary operations related to ground handling of aircraft, passengers and cargo in due time. It means that the anticipated time needed for de-icing/anti-icing of aircraft, not necessary in normal weather conditions, must be taken into account.

2.1 Description of terms and abbreviations

In the process of removing snow, ice and other deposits from the aircraft and in performing anti-icing activities we come across the following terms and expressions:

2.1.1 De-icing

De-icing is a procedure of removing ice, snow, slush and freezing rain from the surface of the aircraft by using special fluids and equipment.

2.1.2 Anti-icing

Anti-icing is a procedure of protecting clean aerodynamic surfaces of the aircraft with the aim to prevent ice and snow deposits to reappear on these surfaces until the moment the aircraft takes-off.

2.1.3 Hold-Over Time

Hold-Over Time is a time-limited period during which the anti-icing fluid is supposed to prevent ice, snow or slush to appear again on the surface of the aircraft in the given weather conditions. The Hold-Over Time starts at the beginning of the last step of one or two-step procedure.

2.1.4 De/Anti Icing Declaration

De/Anti Icing Declaration is a special form which contains data of the aircraft, flight number, type of procedure, fluid used and beginning of hold-over time. It is filled in by the De-icing Operator when the procedure is finished.

2.1.5 Aircraft De-icing/Anti-icing Fluid

Aircraft De-icing/Anti-icing Fluid – ADF – is a fluid which is used, pure or mixed in a solution with hot water, for de-icing/anti-icing procedure.

2.1.6 Post De-icing/Anti-icing check

A verification of clean surfaces, final clearance after de-icing/anti-icing by a trained and qualified person. This check can be eather visual or tactile and shall cover wings, horizontal and vertical stabilizers, fuselage and other parts of the aeroplane on which the de-icing/anti-icing treatment was performed.

2.1.7 Anti-icing code

Anti-icing code is final information to the flight crew referring to the last step of the procedure. It contains least the following: The fluid type, the concentration of fluid within the fluid/water mixture, beginning of the Hold-over time (local time) and the confirmation that the Post de-icing/anti-icing check completed.

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3 DE-ICING/ANTI-ICING PROCEDURES

3.1 General conditions for de-icing/anti-icing

The decision as to whether or not an aircraft needs to be de-iced is taken by its captain.

Aerodrom Ljubljana is in charge of carrying out the aircraft de-icing/anti-icing procedures and the post de-icing/anti-icing check at the Ljubljana Airport.

In normal conditions the aircraft de-icing/anti-icing procedures are carried out at the de-icing pad DE-1 on the apron. In some particular circumstances the de-icing/anti-icing procedures may also be performed on aircraft parking position, on taxiway P, taxiway N and taxiway M or just before take-off on the Runway. De-icing/anti-icing at the access point to the runway is only carried out exceptionally upon express approval of the Ljubljana Tower.

De-icing/anti-icing of propeller driven aircraft (except ATR 42/72) are performed on parking position on apron for safety reasons.

3.2 Basic Principles

The decision to perform de-icing/anti-icing of an aircraft is made by the responsible pilot. The Aerodrom Ljubljana, as a de-icing/anti-icing provider, is responsible for accomplishing the de-icing of aircraft, verifying the results of the de-icing/anti-icing treatment and for the information reported to the flight deck crew.

3.2.1 One step de-icing

In case of frost conditions. It is performed with hot Type I mixture with a freezing point of at least 10 oC below OAT. Normally are used:

40% Type I fluid/60% water at temperature above –5 oC;

60% Type I fluid/40% water at temperature below –5 oC;

3.2.2 Two step de-icing/anti-icing

In case of freezing fog, snow, freezing drizzle, or light freezing rain conditions. Normally are used:

First step with hot Type I mixture with a freezing point of at outside air temperature (OAT) or below (15%, 25% or 40% mixture).

Second step with undiluted (100%) cold Type IV fluid.

3.3 De-icing/anti-icing fluids

At Ljubljana Airport the following fluids are used:

ADF ISO type I: Clariant, SAFEWING MP I 1938 ECO (80).

ADF ISO type IV: Clariant, SAFEWING MP IV LAUNCH.

3.4 Priorities for Aircraft De-icing/Anti-Icing

Normally the time table of the flights will be considered first. In case the several aircraft departures are foreseen in a short period of time the Airport Ground Handling Centre in collaboration with ATC is responsible for determining the priority order for de-icing/anti-icing.

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3.5 De-icing/anti-icing vehicles

The following vehicles are used for de-icing/anti-icing procedures:

DE-ICER No. 1 and DE-ICER No. 2: Vestergaard, Elephant Beta; Hot water in the first tank and ADF Type I in the second tank. Mixture is prepared by proportional mixing system. Cold undiluted (100%) Type IV fluid in the third tank.

DE-ICER No. 3: TB 8000; Type I pre-mix (ADF type I/water) in the first heated tank and undiluted (100%) Type IV fluid in the second tank.

DE-ICER No. 4: Vestergaard, Elephant Gamma; Type I pre-mix (ADF type I/water) in the first heated tank and undiluted (100%) Type IV fluid in the second tank.

3.6 De-icing/anti-icing notification

The de-icing/anti-icing order can be notified by the Commander or any other authorised person to the De-icing coordinator on frequency 131.400 MHz or to the Handling Supervisor on the apron at least 15 minutes before off-block time.

Such notification must contain the flight number, aircraft type and parts of the aircraft (e.g. wings, underwings, fuselage, stabilizers, landing gear, etc.) which shall be de-iced.

The Commander must expressly order spraying of wings also from the lower side, manual removal of snow from the surfaces of the aircraft, and de-icing of landing gear or engine fan blades with the hot-air.

De-icing notification:

To Handling Supervisor on main apron or

to De-icing Coordinator: VHF: 131,400 MHz or phone: 04 2061 215;

to General aviation Supervisor: VHF: 131,800 MHz

Telephone requests shall only be made in exceptional cases i.e. crew not yet present at the aircraft.

After receiving the notification for de-icing/anti-icing the Handling Supervisor or De-icing Coordinator informs to the crew with the disposable de-icing/anti-icing parameters. At the same time the Commander shall be informed when the aircraft will be de-iced/anti-iced and also where the de-icing/anti-icing will take place, i.e. the parking position, at the de-icing pad DE-1, on TWY P, TWY N or TWY M.

Example of notification: De-icing will be performed at the pad DE-1, expect follow-me for repositioning at 07:50.

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3.7 De-icing on parking position

At individual parking positions on apron the de-icing/anti-icing of propeller driven aircraft (except ATR 42/72) is carried out. The hot air de-icing (engine fan blades, landing gear) and manual removal of snow from aircraft surfaces will be carried out at parking position as well.

Parking position could be used also when remote de-icing pad DE-1 is not in function and for de-icing for bigger aircrafts such as AN-124, B-747, A-300 etc..

Before the de-icing/anti-icing procedure begins, the engines of the aircraft must be turned off, breaks applied and air-conditioning openings and the APU, if switched off, must be closed. All doors leading to the passenger and cargo areas must also be closed and all equipment used for ground handling of the aircraft removed from the parking position. Exceptionally the GPU could remain connected during the de-icing treatment.

3.8 De-icing on remote position (DE-1, TWY P, TWY N, TWY M)

De-icing of jet aircraft up to category C, exceptionally category D and ATR 42/72 with operative propeller braking, normally takes place on the de-icing pad DE-1. It is located in the south-east part of the main apron and can be accessed through the TWY E1.

If the de-icing pad DE-1 is not in function the de-icing of jet aircraft will take place on TWY P, TWY N or TWY M.

Before the de-icing/anti-icing procedure, the aircraft is transferred from the parking position to the de-icing position upon prior authorisation of the Ljubljana Tower (start-up) and in some cases after push-back by means of its own engines and guided by a follow-me vehicle. In case the pad DE-1 is temporary occupied, the follow-me vehicle will hold the aircraft on TWY E1 until the pad DE-1 is free.

The aircraft may be transferred to the de-icing position after all the operations related to handling of passengers and cargo have been finished and when the doors and other openings of the aircraft have been closed. Afterwards, no ground handling device may approach.

The aircraft should be taxied to the pad DE-1 with the engines running at the minimum power and the APU switched off.

For aircraft of the CRJ type: If the fuselage is not sprayed, the APU may be switched on.

3.9 De-icing on manoeuvring areas

In case the de-icing procedure is performed on the runway due to exceptionally unfavourable weather conditions, the process of ordering de-icing/anti-icing and the procedure itself are carried out under the same conditions which also apply in case of de-icing at the de-icing pad DE-1. During the procedure the engines of propeller driven aircraft must be switched off. All participants must maintain constant radio connection with the Ljubljana Tower!

3.10 De-icing of general aviation aircraft

De-icing of General aviation aircraft and helicopters are normally carried out at parking position on General apron with engines switched off. Prior to de-icing, the pilot shall verify on ATC frequency (Ljubljana Tower) that there is no departure delay. After completing de-icing, pilot shall immediately request start-up clearance. At that time, the remaining hold-over time shall also be reported.

According to the agreement with General aviation Supervisor, general aviation jet aircraft can be de-iced/anti-iced on the de-icing pad DE-1 with running engines, according to the procedure for jet aircraft on main apron (see item 3.8, De-icing on remote position).

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3.11 Communication

Regardless of the position on which the de-icing/anti-icing procedure will take place, the crew must maintain constant radio connection with the De-icing team on the frequency 131.700 MHz and with the Ljubljana Tower on the frequency 118.000 MHz.

When the aircraft is prepared for de-icing, the Commander informs the De-icing team leader (the driver of the de-icing vehicle) on the radio frequency 131.700 MHz.

When the de-icing procedure is over and post de-icing/anti-icing check is completed, the De-icing team leader informs the Commander that the surfaces of the aircraft are clear. He submits so-called ″Anti-icing code″, i.e. ADF type, ratio ADF/water and the beginning of Hold-over time. At the same time he also confirms that all vehicles have been removed from the aircraft. On special request, the De-icing team leader will also report the consumption of the de-icing fluids and the brand name of used fluid. No other documents about de-icing treatment are provided at that time.

3.12 Recording and controlling of the de-icing/anti-icing

Post de-icing/anti-icing check is performed by the de-icing operator from de-icing vehicle. This check visually cover all critical parts of the aircraft. At the remote de-icing position (DE-1, TWY P, TWY N or TWY M), as a rule, no special control inspections, such as physical hands on check are carried out.

In some cases, pilots may be requested to switch off engines temporarily if a physical hands on check would be requested. Permission to restart engines does not need to be obtained from Ljubljana Tower again.

When the procedure is over, the De-icing operator shall enter the type, quantity and concentration of used fluids, the date and the beginning of the Hold-over time (local) into the De/Anti-Icing Declaration. By signing his name under "AP OPERATOR" he confirms that the procedure has been carried out according to the requirements of the declaration, that the surfaces of the aircraft are cleared and checked and that the stated quantity of fluids applied are correct.

3.13 Special icing conditions and de-icing requirements

Clear-ice conditions on wings shall be reported to the de-icing coordinator with the de-icing notification.

De-icing of engine fan blades and propellers can only be performed on apron parking stand upon request by carrier’s staff or agent.

Underwing, belly and landing gear de-icing can only be performed on apron parking stand upon request, with engines off.

De-icing/anti-icing of the smaller propeller aircraft, which require GPU to be connected, can be performed at first on the opposite side of the connected GPU. After switching on the first engine and disconnecting the GPU, the de-icing/anti-icing of the other side of the aircraft can be performed.

In case of some general aviation aircraft and certain individual airlines, the invoice for ground handling of the aircraft must be issued and settled before the take-off. In such cases the De-icing team leader shall estimate, upon the order, the quantity of the de-icing/anti-icing fluid applied and enter it into the De/Anti-Icing Declaration. By signing this form under "AIRLINE." the crew give their approval on that.

An engine run up above idle, on the de-icing area, after the completion of the de-icing/anti-icing treatment, is strictly prohibited. Engine run up is allowed later, during taxiing on TWY A.

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4 ATTACHMENTS

4.1 Example of communication between the CMDR, TWR and the Airport Services regarding aircraft de-icing/anti-icing

CMDR – Commander ADT – Airport De-icing Team AHS – Airport Handling Supervisor TWR – Ljubljana Tower ADC – Airport De-icing Coordinator

When Who To whom

What

De-icing notification CMDR ADC or

AHS

LJUBLJANA DE-ICING [Call Sign], REQUEST DE-ICING. Specify which parts of the aircraft shall be de-iced. (e.g. wings, underwings, fuselage, stabilizers, landing gear, etc.)

Upon receiving the order ADC, AHS

CMDR [Call Sign], DE-ICING ORDER IS ACCEPTED. Acquaint with available parameters of the D/A procedure.

YOU WILL RECEIVE FURTHER INFORMATION BY HANDLING SUPERVISOR.

When arriving to the aircraft AHS

CMDR

YOU WILL BE PREPARED FOR REPOSITIONING TO THE DE-ICING PAD AT [hh:mm]

When all ground handling activities are finished

CMDR TWR LJUBLJANA TOWER, [Call Sign], REQUEST START-UP FOR REPOSITIONING TO DE-ICING PAD.

TWR CMDR [Call Sign], START-UP APPROVED.

When the de-icing pad is free Aircraft is leaded to the de-icing pad by follow-me.

When the aircraft is parked at the pad DE-1 (TWY P …)

ADT CMDR [Call Sign], LJUBLJANA DE-ICING, PLEASE, CONFIRM PARKING BRAKE IS SET AND AIRCRAFT READY FOR DE-ICING.

CMDR ADT [Call Sign], PARKING BRAKE IS SET AND AIRCRAFT IS READY FOR DE-ICING.

After confirmation that aircraft is ready for de-icing

ADT CMDR [Call Sign], WE WILL USE TYPE I, 40% or

WE WILL USE TYPE I FOR DE-ICING AND TYPE IV 100% FOR ANTI-ICING. …..

WE BEGIN TREATMENT NOW, I WILL CALL YOU BACK WHEN READY.

When the de/anti-icing procedure is completed

ADT CMDR [Call Sign], DE-ICING/(ANTI-ICING) COMPLETED WITH TYPE I (IV), [XX] %, HOLD-OVER TIME BEGAN AT [hh:mm] LOCAL.

POST DE-ICING/ANTI-ICING CHECK COMPLETED, ALL VEHICLES REMOVED. (Plus any additional info on request such as brand name of fluid, fluid consumption, date …),

CONTACT TOWER FOR FURTHER TAXI.

Before taxiing to the manoeuvring area

CMDR TWR LJUBLJANA TOWER, [Call Sign] DE-ICING PAD, REQUEST TAXI.

if in a hurry:

FOR YOUR INFORMATION, HOLD OVER TIME REMAINING [xx] MINUTES.

TWR CMDR [Call Sign], TAXI TO [Instructions].

During de-icing/anti-icing process, the register or "tail number" of the aircraft instead of flight number could be used during all communications between the pilot and the de-icing team.

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4.2 Guidelines for holdover times anticipated for Type I and Type IV fluid mixtures in Active Frost Conditions

Guidelines for holdover times anticipated for Type I and Type IV fluid mixtures in Active Frost Conditions as a function of OAT. Valid for metallic and composite surfaces.

Outside Air Temperature

(OAT)

Type IV Fluid Concentration

Neat Fluid/Water (vol%/vol%)

Approximate Holdover Times (hours : minutes)

ACTIVE FROST

oC Type I (1) (2) Type IV(3)

-1

and above

100/0

0:35

12:00

75/25 5:00

50/50 3:00

Below -1

to -3

100/0 12:00

75/25 5:00

50/50 3:00

Below -3

to -10

100/0 10:00

75/25 5:00

Below -10

to -14

100/0 6:00

75/25 1:00

Below -14

to -21

100/0 6:00

Below -21

to LOUT or -25 whichever is

warmer

100/0 4:00

Below -25

to LOUT

No holdover time guidelines exist

(1) Type I fluid/Water mixture is selected so that the freezing point of the mixture is at least 10˚C below the actual outside air temperature (OAT).

(2) Type I fluids may be used below -25˚C down to their LOUT (fluid specific, fluid name must be known).

(3) Type IV fluids may not be used below -25˚C in active frost conditions.

De-icing/anti-icing fluids used during ground de-icing/anti-icing are not intended for – and do not provide - protection during flight.

Holdover times in the table above can only be used when de-icing/anti-icing has been done with flaps/slats retracted.

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4.3 Guideline for Holdover times Anticipated for Type I Fluid Mixtures

Guidelines for holdover times anticipated for Type I fluid mixtures as a function of weather conditions and OAT. Valid for metallic and composite surfaces.

OAT (1) Approximate Holdover Times Under Various Weather Conditions (hours:minutes)

oC

Freezing

Fog

Snow/

Snow grains/

Snow Pellets (2)

Freezing

Drizzle (3)

Light

Freezing

Rain

Rain on Cold

Soaked Wing

Other (4)(5)

-3

and above 0:09-0:16 0:03-0:06 0:08-0:13 0:02-0:05 0:01-0:05 (6)

CAUTION

No

Holdover Time

Guidelines

exist

Below

-3 to-6 0:06-0:08 0:02-0:05 0:05-0:09 0:02-0:05

Below

-6 to-10 0:04-0:08 0:02-0:05 0:04-0:07 0:02-0:05

Below

-10 to LOUT 0:04-0:07 0:02-0.04

(1) Type II fluids may be used below -10 oC down to their LOUT (fluid specific, fluid name must be known). Consider the use of Type I fluid when Type II fluid cannot be used.

(2) In light ″Rain and Snow″ conditions use "Light Freezing Rain" holdover times. (3) If positive identification of "Freezing Drizzle" is not possible use "Light Freezing Rain" holdover

times. (4) Other conditions are: Heavy snow, snow pellets, ice pellets, hail, moderate freezing rain and heavy

freezing rain. (5) For holdover times under active frost conditions see the separate frost table (4.2). (6) No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition for 0 oC and below.

Type I Fluid/Water Mixture is selected so that the Freezing Point of the mixture is at least 10 oC below actual OAT.

CAUTION:

The time of protection will be shortened in heavy weather conditions. Heavy precipitation rates or high moisture content, high wind velocity or jet blast may reduce holdover time below the lowest time stated in the range.

Holdover time may also be reduced when the aircraft skin temperature is lower than OAT.

Therefore, the indicated times should be used only in conjunction with a pre-takeoff check.



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4.4 Guidelines for holdover times anticipated for Type IV fluid

Guidelines for holdover times anticipated for Type IV fluid mixtures as a function of weather conditions and OAT. Valid for metallic and composite surfaces

ADF ISO Type IV - AEA generic table

OAT (1)

oC

Type IV Fluid Concentration

Neat fluid / Water

(Vol% / Vol%)

Approximate Holdover Times under various weather conditions (hours:minutes)

Freezing fog

Snow/ Snow grains/ Snow pellets

(2)

Freezing drizzle (3)

Light Freezing

Rain

Rain on Cold

Soaked Wing

Other (4) (5)

-3oC and above

100/0 1:15-2:40 0:35-1:10 0:40-1:30 0:35-0:40 0:08-1:25 (6)

75/25 1:25-2:40 0:45-1:15 0:50-1:20 0:30-0:45 0:09-1:15 (6)

50/50 0:25-0:50 0:15-0:25 0:15-0:30 0:09-0:15

CAUTION:

No Holdover Time Guidelines exist

below -3oC to -14oC

100/0 0:20-1:35 0:25-0:45 0:25-1:20 (7) 0:20-0:25 (7)

75/25 0:30-1:10 0:20-0:45 0:15-1:05 (7) 0:15-0:25 (7)

below -14oC to -22,5oC or LOUT

100/0

0:20-0:40

0:08-0:10

(1) Type IV fluids may be used below -22,5˚C down to their LOUT (fluid specific, fluid name must be

known). Consider the use of Type I fluid when Type IV fluid cannot be used. (2) In light ″Rain and Snow″ conditions use "Light Freezing Rain" holdover times. (3) If positive identification of "Freezing Drizzle" is not possible use "Light Freezing Rain" holdover

times. (4) Other conditions are: Heavy snow, ice pellets, moderate and heavy freezing rain, hail. (5) For holdover times under Active Frost conditions see the separate frost table (4.2). (6) No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition for 0˚C and below. (7) No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10˚C.

CAUTION:

The time of protection will be shortened in heavy weather conditions. Heavy precipitation rates or high moisture content, high wind velocity or jet blast may reduce holdover time below the lowest time stated in the range.

Holdover time may also be reduced when the aircraft skin temperature is lower than OAT.

Therefore, the indicated times should be used only in conjunction with a pre-takeoff check.



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4.5 Main apron with the De-icing pad DE-1, TWY P, TWY N and TWY M

DE-1

TWY P

TWY N

TWY M

AIRCRAFT DE-ICING PLAN Winter Season 2016/2017 Ljubljana...AEA, Recommendations for...

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