AIKIDO WORDS

8/9/2019 AIKIDO WORDS

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Consonants and vowels in the Japanese language are pronounced the same way each time they are encountered. Thus, if you know thepronunciation of one word, you already know how the vowels and consonants will sound in another word containing those vowels and

consonants. The following guide, primarily for speakers of English, provides some examples that may be of help:

a! sounds like a! in march! y! sounds like the y! in "young"

e! sounds like e! in bed! ai! sounds like the #! in "sign"

i! sounds like !ee! in keel! ae! sounds like the i! in high!

o! sounds like oa! in boat! ei! sounds like the a! in "say"

u! sounds like the oo! in "mood! g! sounds like the g! in "great"

Basic counting in Japanese

Counting in Japanese has more nuances and complexity than counting in English, and the way of counting differs, depending on thenature of the object or thing that is being counted. This guide covers very basic counting that one might commonly encounter during

training in the dojo.

one ichi eleven $uu%ichi

two ni twelve $uu%ni

three san thirteen $uu%san

four yon &or shi' fourteen $uu%yon

five go fifteen $uu go

six roku sixteen $uu roku

seven nana &or shichi' seventeen $uu shichi

eight hachi eighteen $uu hachi

nine ku &or kyu' nineteen $uu kyu

ten $yu twenty ni%$uu

Some common Japanese expressions used in the Dojo

Japanese Expression Approximate English Pronunciation Translation

"arigato gozaimashita!" "ah-di-gah-toh go-zigh-mosh-ta" "thank-you very much"

"one-gaishimasu!" "on-nay-guy-shee-moss" lit. "I make a request"(as in "Please", when asking for


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something)

"sumi-masen!", or"gomen-nasai!"

"soo-me-mah-sen""go-men-nah-sigh"

"lease e!cuse me"(accomanied #y a #ow)

"hai!" "$i" "yes"

"oshiete kudasai!" "oh-shee-ay-tay koo-da-sigh" "lease teach me" or"lease show me"

Japanese names of some attacks used in Aikido training

Katate tori one-handed gri on one wrist

Ryote tori one-handed gri on each wrist

Morote tori two-handed gri on one wrist

Mune tori (muna-mochi) one-handed gri on lael

Sode tori one-handed gri on one sleeve

Kata tori one-handed gri on shoulder

Ryokata tori one-handed gri on each shoulder

Eri-tori (also: Eri-dori) collar gras at the #ack of the neck

shiro ryotekui tori ryote-tori gri from #ehind (also% ushiro ryote tori)

shiro ryokata tori ryokata gri from #ehind

shiro katate tori kuishime one-handed gri on wrist and choke from #ehind

suki straight unch

Shomen uchi vertical strike to the head with the hand-#lade (or weaon)

#okomen uchi diagonal strike to the head with the hand-#lade (or weaon)

Kesa uchi &iagonal strike to the neck with the hand #lade (or weaon)

Kata tori men uchi one-handed gri on shoulder with shomen-uchi strike

Kata tori yokomen uchi one-handed gri on the shoulder with yokomen-uchi strike

Types of Aikido Training


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$anmi $andachi %aza techniques e!ecuted with an attacker in a standing osition and receiver (nage) in akneeling osition

$enka %aza modifying or varying technique(s), or shifting to another technique during e!ecution

&iyu %aza multile attack(s)

Kaeshi %aza counter technique(s)

Kata renshu forms training

Ki-no-nagare flowing'continuous ractice

Kihon %aza #asic'static training

Renraku %aza changing from one technique into another technique

Su%ari %aza techniques e!ecuted from a kneeling osition

achi %aza echniques e!ecuted from a standing osition

"'rigato gozaimasu" "hank you"

"'%ari" (or "'%arimasu") "finished"

'i harmony, unity, to oin or #ecome one with, to love

'i-hanmi asymmetric stance (e.g. right foot to right foot)

'i-hanmi katate-tori a wrist gra##ing attack, with right on right or left on left. (*omare% yaku-hanmikatatedori)

'iki harmonizing or #lending with energy

'ikiudo #udo #ased on the aiki rincile (one of the earlier names +-ensei used for ikido)

'ikido the way of harmonizing with the force and rincile of nature

'ikidoka one who trains in ikido (secifically, at an advanced or rofessional level)

'iki-ina the kido temle in Iwama

'ikio ikido o-staff e!ercises

'iki-utsu refers to a style of uutsu. he term is often used in reference to &aito yu, a style ofuutsu in which the founder trained (ometimes also referred to as aiki-uutsu)

'ikikai ikido "association" or "organization" or "clu#"lso refers to the name of the ikido association headed #y the /eshi#a family

'iki-ken sword e!ercises'forms of ikido


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'iki-nage aiki-throw (a throwing technique)

'iki-otoshi aiki dro (a throwing technique)

'iki-taiso aikido warm-u e!ercises

'shi leg or foot

'temi (also: 'te) strike

'%ase to #lend'harmonize'match the timing of the attack and resonse

'yumi-ashi leg movement using alternating stes, right and left (similar to a normal walking gait)

*atto sword

*atto-ho sword training

*o a longer wooden staff (aro!. 012-322cm in length)

*okken wooden sword

*okuto wooden sword

*u "4artial" or "military." he 5ani character for "#u" has two comonents% one indicatesa weaon, while the other means to sto or lay aside. hus, #u has a differentconnotation than the direct 6nglish translation.

*udo from 7aanese, lit. "the way of #attle" or "the way of martial arts"

*udoka one who trains in #udo (secifically refers to someone who is at an advanced orrofessional level)

*ugei martial arts'#attle arts (older usage)

*uin erson'eole of a martial art tradition

*uki-%aza

(also *uki%aza)

(training in) weaons techniques

*unu-ichi refers to a unity of martial and literary arts. +ne of the historic ideals of the 7aanesesamurai class

*unu-ryodo the dual aths of the martial and literary arts. +ne of the historic ideals of the7aanese samurai class

*ushi term referring to a classical 7aanese warrior or rofessional martial artist (usually ina historical conte!t)

*ushido "he 8ay of the 8arrior." code of ethics relating to the #ushi or samurai class inancient 7aan.

+hikara referring to ower, force or strength

+hoku &irect (eg. choku-zuki9 direct thrust'unch)


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+hoku-zuki

(also: +hoku-tsuki)

direct, mid-level thrust with the o or fist

+hudan 4iddle guard osition (comare with%&odan9uer osition and :edan% lowerosition)

+hudan-no-kamae guard osition with hands or a weaon at middle (#elly or solar le!us) height

+hudan-zuki(also: +hudan tsuki)

a thrusting attack (with fist or a weaon) at middle height, aimed at the #elly or solarle!us

aisho refers to the air of swords traditionally worn #y samurai, consisting of a long sword(daito) and short sword (shoto)

aito ryu the name of a school'lineage'style of iki-uitsu

ame "wrong", or "#ad"

an #lack#elt rank (lit% "ste")

en " tradition", "a teaching" or, "a system" (ee ryu)

eshi (Seito) student, uil, discile, arentice

o (Michi) the "way", ath, or road

"o chu no sei" a hrase descri#ing "stillness in motion"."o"is "movement," while "sei"has the meaning of "calmness"o chu no sei"is, then,"calmness in the midst (chu) of action". 8hen martial arts are deicted as "movingmeditation," it is tyically in reference to this quality.

o-gi (Keiko-gi) training uniform

oo training hall, lace where the ;way< is racticed

oo cho title referring to the head'leader of a doo (*hief Instructor)

oka oem a#out the way

omo much (as in% domo arigato gozaimashita)

omo arigato gozaimasu thank you very much (for something going on in the resent)

omo arigato gozaimashita thank you so much (for something comleted)

ori (also: tori) take, catch, gra#

osa action= movement

oshu >it% "way master"= title referring to the leader of a 7aanese martial style

"ozo!" "Please"

Emu or Emukai u#lic demonstration


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Em.i el#ow strike

Eri referring to the neck or collar

Eri-tori (also: Eri-dori) collar gras at the #ack of the neck

/udo-shin "Immova#le mind". state of mental equanimity or imertur#a#ility. ?udoshin doesnot indicate a state of mind that is infle!i#le, #ut rather, refers to a mental statewhere one is not easily uset #y internal thoughts or e!ternal factors.

/uku-shidoin a formal title with an aro!imate meaning of "assistant instructor" (comare withshidoinand shihan)

/unakogi undo "rowing e!ercise" (also called% ori0une)

/uritama movement and #reathing e!ercise to still'calm'settle the flow of Ki in the #ody

/utari referring to two ersons

/utari-dori1/utari-gake attacks featuring two oonents (also see% ni-nin-gake)

gaeshi (also: Kaeshi) reversal or change (of direction or technique)

-garami (also: Karami) tie u, entangle, arrest

asshuku training'seminar'cam= lit% "lodging together"

edan lower osition (comare with% 7odan and *hudan)

edan-arai #lock in a lower osition

eri 5ick (eg. 4ae-geri 9 front kick)

i training garments (also &o-gi or 5eiko-gi)

iri &uty'o#ligation

-giri (also: Kiri) to cut (such as with a sword or knife - eg. 5esa-giri)

o the num#er "?ive"

okyo "?ifth technique" - a inning technique against knife attack

"omen-nasai" "6!cuse me"

o-no-sen refers to the timing of resonse to an attack% in this case a "late" or "waiting"resonse to an attack

otai (also see: Kotai) static training. *omare% utai, ryutai and ki-no-nagare

yaku reverse, or oosite

yaku-hanmi symmetric stance (eg. ight foot to left foot). *omare with 'i-hanmi

yaku-hanmi katatedori a wrist gra##ing attack, with right on left or left on right. (*omare% ihanmikatatedori)


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yaku-kesa diagonal uward cut, from low to high osition

yaku-te referring to a reversed hand osition

yaku-tsuki a thrusting strike with oosing arm and leg forward

$a refers to the cutting edge of a 7aanese word

$achi the num#er "6ight"

$agakure 4eaning "2n the Shado% o0 3ea4es", is a ractical and siritual guide for a warrior,drawn from a collection of commentaries #y the 7aanese samurai @amamotosunetomo. suramoto ashiro comiled these commentaries from his conversationswith sunetomo from 0A2B to 0A0C. $owever, it was not u#lished until many yearsafterwards. $agakureis also known as the he *ook o0 the Samurai,'nalects o05aeshima,or the $agakure 'nalects.

"$ai!" "@es"

"$aime" "#egin"

$akama leated divided-skirt (usually worn #y senior ranks in ikido)

$ancho team leader or chairerson

$anmi #asic o#lique stance common to aikido

$anmi-handachi nage kneeling and uke standing

$antai oosed

$a..o eight directions (comare% Shiho)

$a..o-giri eight direction cutting (comare% Shiho-giri)

$a..o-moku attention in all (eight) directions

$ara the #odyDs center of gravity located in the area of the lower a#domen (see also%anden)

$arai (also: *arai) a sweeing #lock

$arai-zuki o technique consisting of a sweeing #lock'arry, followed #y a thrusting counterattack

$asso-gaeshi o technique that involves sweeing the o through an arc to a vertical osition atshoulder level

$asso-kamae guard osition with a weaon raised vertically at the shoulder level

"$ayaku!" "quickly"

$eiho method (of training)

$enka-%aza changing techniques during the e!ecution of #asic techniques or shifting to othertechniques


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$iragana 7aanese honetic writing. (*omare% Katakana)

$ito e mi making the #ody small% guard osition with more angle than hanmi (see also% raSankaku)

$o method (of training)

$idari left (side or direction)

$ii el#ow

$ii-ime1$ii-kime el#ow lock (also called% Rokkyoin some doo)

$ii-ryoku el#ow ower

$ineri twist

$iza knee

$omu headquarters doo or organization (in ikido this is usually used in reference toikido 8orld $eadquarters in okyo, 7aan)

2chi the num#er "one"

2kkyo "first technique" arm immo#ilization

"2ma!" "now"

2rimi entering movement (lit% "enter #ody")

2rimi-nage throw #y entering (irimi) either in front of, or #ehind an oonent

&iyu ?ree= freedom

&iyu-%aza free-style techniques

&o (also: &yo) ;shorter< wooden staff (aro!. 0E2-0EFcm in length)

&odo (also: &yodo) the way of the staff

&o-nage (also: &yo-nage) nage (with o) defends against'throws one or more unarmed attacker(s)

&o-tori (also: &yo-tori) o taking (disarming) techniques

&odan uer guard (high) osition

&odan tsuki straight unch'thrust to the face or neck

&odan-gaeshi uer osition #lock and counter attack with the o

&oseki eference to osition'location in the doo osition - the lace of honored, or highseat, on one


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&ui lus sign, vertical cross (lit% "02 sym#ol")

&ui-garami crossed arm-lock throw

&ui-nage crossed arm-lock throw

&u-utsu (also: uitsu) lit% "soft skill"

&un-tsuki strike with the same arm and leg forward, also called% oitsuki(comare%gyakutsuki)

&utai "soft #ody" or smooth training.(comare% gotai, ryutai and ki-no-nagare)

&utsu lit% "skill"= "technique" or "art"

Kaeshi (also: aeshi) reversal or change (of direction or technique)

Kaeshi-%aza technique reversals or counters (lit. reversing technique)

Kaeshi-tsuki

(also: Kaeshi-zuki)

reverse hand thrusting strike with the o-staff

Kaiten urning around= revolving

Kaiten-nage rotation throw

Kakari-keiko

(also: Kakari-geiko)

continuous attack training (often in grous forming a line of sequentialattackers)

Kaku corner'angle (eg. ankaku 9 triangle)

Kakudo angle

Kaiso ?ounder or originator

Kamae guard stance or ready osition (also%gamae)

Kamiza refers to an honorary location in the doo% >it. "eat of the gods"

Kan intuition

Kangeiko "cold training"= referring to a eriod of high intensity winter training

Kani *hinese characters that are used in the modern 7aanese logograhic writingsystem, along with hiragana, katakana, and the ra#ic numerals. he 7aaneseterm kaniliterally means "$an characters".

Kansetsu oint (on the #ody)

Kansetsu-%aza techniques that involve inning'immo#ilization using oint locks

Karami(also: arami)

tie u, entangle, arrest


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Kata re-defined forms or secific techniques

Kata shoulder

Kata-gatame shoulder in

Katakana 7aanese honetic writing. (*omare% hiragana)

Katame lit% to harden, solidify, fi!, sta#ilize

Katame-%aza inning'immo#ilization techniques

Kata-mochi one handed gri to one shoulder

Katana 7aanese sword

Katate >it% "one-side hand"

Katate-tori one handed gri on one wrist

Katate-tori kuishime one handed gri to wrist with neck choke from #ehind

Kata-tori one handed gri to one shoulder

Kata-tori men-uchi one handed gri on one shoulder with shomen-uchi strike to the head

Kata-tori yokomen-uchi one handed gri on one shoulder with yokomen-uchi strike to the head

Kata renshu training involving the accurate reetition of secificre-defined kata (forms)

Keiko training or ractice

Ken referring to the 7aanese sword

Kesa-uchi diagonal strike to the side of the neck with the intent of cutting the #ody

Ki sirit, life force, or vital energy

Kiai a forceful e!halation of the #reath with a shar vocalization, shout or scream

Kihon #asic (#asic oint, emhasis oint)

Kihon-%aza training in #asic techniques= can also refer to "static" ractice of techniques.(also see% Kotai)

Kime mental focus

Kime lock'immo#ilization (eg. $ii-kime% el#ow immo#ilization)

Ki-musui to connect'#ind the ki

Ki-musui-no-tachi series of aired sword encounter movements that #uild awareness ofconnection'ki of the artner

Ki no nagare to flow with ki (flowing'continuous ractice)


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Kiri to cut

Kiri-kaeshi turning cutting movement with the sword

Koan Gen training riddle

Koudo refers to older'traditional #udo, or #udo of the re-modern era

Kohai one


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Kuishime neck choke

Kumi grou'set

Kumi-o o-staff techniques'encounters, racticed o against o

Kumi-tachi sword e!ercises'encounters, racticed sword against sword

Kuzushi to #reak the #alance

Kyu rank, grade, level (also% term for a white #elt rank'grade)

Ma-ai "distance" or "sacing" #etween two or more ersons(In a martial conte!t this is used in reference to hysical distance #etween twoarties. 4ay also #e used in reference to "sychological" or "sychic" distance)

Mae-geri front kick

Mae-ukemi forward roll or fall

"Masakatsu 'gatsu" "rue Hictory is elf-Hictory" - a rincial tenet of I5I&+

"Matte!" "sto"

Ma%ashi to turn around or rotate

Men eferring to the face or head

Metsuke a way of using'focusing the eyes (referring to% eye focus)

Michi a "8ay", "road" or "ath"

Migi right. efers to right side - eg. 4igi-hanmi 9 right foot forward stance (*omare%

hidari)

Misogi self urification

Mitori-keiko(also Mitori-geiko)

training with the eyes (o#serving training)

Mochi gras (eg. katate-mochi)

Mokuso ilent meditation or concentration

Morote-tori two handed gri, #oth on one wrist

Mu nothing'emty

Mudansha ractitioner #elow dangrade (lit% "no rank erson")(comare% #udansha)

Mune chest or lael

Mune-mochi one handed gri on lael

Mune-tori (also: Mune-dori) one handed gri on lael


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Renzoku uchikomi o-staff e!ercise

Ritsurei standing #ow

Rokkyo "i!th teaching"% a technique which alies a #ar or in to the el#ow (ee% hii-kime'hii-ime osae)

Rokku the num#er "si!"

Ryo #oth

Ryote-mochi two handed gri, one on each wrist

Ryokata-tori two handed gri, one to each shoulder

Ryote-tori two handed gri, one on each wrist

Ryu school or tradition

Ryu "to flow"

Ryu-tai flowing'fluid training.(comare% utai, ryutai and ki-no-nagare)

Saaki (#ody) movement (eg. ai-sa#aki or shi-sa#aki)

San the num#er "three"

Sankaku triangle

Sankakutai lit% "triangle #ody" refers to the ositioning of the feet in hanmi to make atriangular shae

Sankyo movement similar to ikkyo with added outward twisting of the hand'alm

San-nin-dori three erson attacks'training

San-nin-gake three erson attacks'training

Saya sword sca##ard

Saya-iki refers to the sliding movement of the sca##ard around the hi, whiledrawing a 7aanese sword

Satori enlightenment (in reference to meditation'Gen training)

Seigan middle "ready" osition with tachi or #okken

Seiretsu! "line u"

Seiza formal sitting osition on the knees (correct'referred way to sit on themat in the doo)

Sem.ai a senior student

Senaka undo #ack stretch


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Senaka the #ack (of the #ody)

Sen-no-sen refers to the timing of resonse to an attack% in this casecountering'resonding as an attack is initiated

Sen-sen-no-sen refers to the timing of resonse to an attack% in this case

countering'resonding #efore an attack is initiated or formulated

Sensei teacher, lit. "one who was #orn #efore"

Shi (also: #on) the num#er "four"

Shi "death" or "dead"

Shiai cometition or tournament

Shichi (also: 5ana) the num#er "seven"

Shidoin a formal title with an aro!imate meaning of "instructor"

Shihan a formal title meaning, aro!imately, "master instructor" or "teacher ofteachers" (usually only given to rofessional instructors of Cth dan rank ora#ove)

Shiho four directions

Shiho-giri four direction cutting

Shiho-nage four direction throw

Shi-kaku a square= fourth corner (also% ;dead cornerower lace or lower seat (onthe left side when facing the kamiza)

Shimoza refers to osition in the doo. >ower seat (the side of the doo oosite thekamiza)

Shin mind'heart

Shinken shar authentic 7aanese sword= a "live-#lade"

Shinogi a ridge on the rear lateral side of a sword'#okken

Shisei osture

Shite thrower, throwing side= rotagonist

Shizentai natural #ody osture


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Sho first= #eginning

Shodan lit% "first ste". efers to the first "dan" or #lack #elt grade

Shomen directly in front= >it% "straight face" (referring to the front of the doo, or toan attack to the head'face)

Shomen-ate an attack to the head'face

"Shomen ni rei!" "rei'#ow to the shomen of the doo"

Shomen-uchi vertical strike to the center of the head with the hand #lade

Shoshinsha #eginner

Shuto (also: egatana) hand #lade

Sode sleeve (at the el#ow)

Sode-tori one handed gri to the sleeve (near the el#ow)

Soku iriminage a side entering throw with the arm across the artners chest (also% 5okyuho)

Soto outside= eg% as in "soto-tenkan" (outside #ody turning movement)

Soto-kaiten outside turning'rotation

Soto-tenkan urning'rotating to the outside

Suuri a #asic movement of reetitive #ody'mind urification training (often witha weaon)

Suki referring to a hysical or mental "oening"= undefended oint

Sumi-otoshi corner dro

Sutemi >it% "to throw away'sacrifice the #ody"

Sutemi-%aza "sacrifice" techniques that involve intentionally losing oneDs own #alance

Suri o ru#, graze, scrae, a#rade to slide

Suri-ashi to slide the legs'feet (a method of walking #y sliding the feet)

Su%ari %aza techniques erformed from a kneeling osition

achi tori sword taking (disarming) techniques

achi %aza techniques erformed from a standing osition

aiutsu #ody arts= emty-handed (unarmed) techniques

ai-no henko lit% "change of the #ody"= #ody changing'turning e!ercise

ai-saaki #ody movement


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aiso Jody e!ercises

anden center (also see% hara)

anren drill'e!ercise

anto knife (usually K 3F-E2cm)

anto-tori knife taking (disarming) techniques

atami traditional 7aanese mat made of #ound-straw

e referring to hand'hands (eg. egatana 9 "hand #lade")

egatana hand-sword'hand-#lade (see also% Shuto)

e-ho-doki method of moving the hand to detach a katate-tori gri

ekui wrist

enchi-nage "heaven and earth" throw

enkan turn around, conversion, change #ody ivoting'turning movement

ori take, hold, take away= thrower, throwing side=erson who e!ecutes a technique (see also% shite and nage)

orii a 7aanese gate

sua sword guard

suka the handle of a 7aanese sword

suka-ate a strike with the "#utt" or handle of a #okken or 7aanese sword

sugi-ashi following ste= a sliding ste where the front foot slides and the #ack footfollows without assing the front foot

suki (also: 7uki) a straight thrust or unch

ori0une "owing e!ercise" (also called% /unakogi ndo)

oyama-no-metsuke lit% "far mountain attention" or "far mountain eyes= refers to theway'method of focusing the eyes during training

chi referring to "inside", as in uchi-tenkan (inside #ody turning movement)

chi a strike (eg. shomen-uchi)

chi-deshi live-in student or inside student

de arm

dekime-nage arm-lock throw

e high (referring to location)


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#onkyo "fourth teaching" ikkyo with alication of ressure to a oint on thewrist

#udansha refers to erson(s) who hold #lack#elt rank

7a seated osition

7aidan $oin 'ikikai ikikai ?oundation

7arei refers to a #ow from the seated or seizaosition

7anshin lit% "remaining mind"= e!tension of continuous attention and awareness

7azen sitting meditation (see also% mokuso)

7em.o to the rear, #ackward (eg. "zem.o-kaiten")

7en refers to a form of Juddhism

7o-kin cloths used for washing the doo floor

7ori 7aanese-style oen sandals. raditionally made from rice straw or lacquered wood

-7uki see% "tsuki"

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