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AgricultureMLS 2-BGroup 6

Agricultureincludes cultivation of crops as tending of livestock for the purpose of production of food and fiber for humans.Agricultureis the cultivation ofanimals,plants,fungi, and other life forms forfood,fiber,biofuel,medicinaland other products used to sustain and enhance human life.

Agriculture was the key development in the rise ofsedentaryhuman civilization, whereby farming ofdomesticatedspecies created foodsurplusesthat nurtured the development ofcivilization. Literally speaking agriculture means the production of crops and live stock on a farm.

Generally speaking, agriculture is cultivation of crops.

In Economics, agriculture means cultivation of crops along with animal husbandry, poultry, dairy farming, fishing and even forestry.

Agricultural economicsoriginally applies the principles ofeconomicsto the production ofcropsandlivestock a discipline known as agronomics. Agronomics was a branch of economics that specifically dealt withland usage. It focused on maximizing thecrop yieldwhile maintaining a goodsoil ecosystem.

Significance of Agriculture Source of Livelihood Contribution to National revenue Supply of Food as well as Fodder Significance to the International Trade Marketable Surplus Foreign Exchange Resources Great Employment Opportunities Food Security

Industrialized & subsistence agricultureTypes of Agriculture:

Industrialized Agriculture

the type of agriculture where large quantities of crops and livestock are produced through industrialized techniques for the purpose of sale.

The goal of industrialized agriculture is to increase crop yield.

utilizes large machines, which are more powerful and can work faster and harder

It adds inorganic nutrients to the soil to increase yield and plant size

Chemical Fertilizers

Pesticides help increase yield by killing pests that are harming or consuming the crops.

when a single crop is planted on a large scalemore susceptible to disease and causes a reduction in the dietary variation of consumers.Monoculture

Subsistence Agriculture

when a farmer lives on a small amount of land and produces enough food to feed his or her household and have a small cash crop.The goal of subsistence agriculture is to produce enough food to ensure the survival of the individual family.

This type of agriculture is very labor-intensive

Subsistence agriculture does not rely on chemical fertilizers or pesticides and instead utilizes more natural techniques

Polyculture

crops are planted in one areamethod used to get the most crop yield out of a small area of land.

Philippine Regions and their Products

RegionProductsNCR (National Capital Region)All major industrial products below except ship but no agricultural and mineral productsCAR (Cordillera Administrative Region)Fruits and vegetables, cut flowers, coffee, sweet potato, gold, copper, home-made processed foodARMM (Autonomous Region of Muslim MindanaoSeaweeds, processed fishRegion 1 (Ilocos)Tobacco, mango, garlic, tomato, salt, processed foodRegion 2 (Cagayan Valley)Sugar, fruits and vegetablesRegion 3 (Central Luzon)Sugar, garlic, mango, processed food

NOTE:All regions, except Metro Manila, produce rice, corn, coconut, banana, pineapple, fish, livestock and poultry with varying quantities.

RegionProductsRegion 4-A (CALABARZON)Sugar, lanzones, coffee, dairy products, coconut oilRegion 4-B (MiMaRoPa)Rice, cornRegion 5 (Bicol)Pineapple, coconut oil, other coconut by-productsRegion 6 (Western Visayas)Sugar, abacaRegion 7 (Central Visayas)Ube (yam), processed foods and beveragesRegion 8 (Eastern Visayas)Coconut oil, other coconut by-productsRegion 9 (Zamboanga Peninsula)Seaweeds, bottled sardines,

NOTE:All regions, except Metro Manila, produce rice, corn, coconut, banana, pineapple, fish, livestock and poultry with varying quantities.

RegionProductsRegion 10 (Northern Mindanao)Fresh and canned pineapple, cassava, cassava flour, seaweedsRegion 11 (Davao)Banana, coconut, durian, coffee, cocoa, coconut oilRegion 12 (SOCKSARGEN)Corn, fresh and canned pineapple, papaya, asparagusRegion 13 (CARAGA)Coffee, cocoa

NOTE:All regions, except Metro Manila, produce rice, corn, coconut, banana, pineapple, fish, livestock and poultry with varying quantities.

Source: http://www.goodgrindingmill.com/article/25355.html

Volatile prices in agricultureLow income of farmersHealth risks of agricultural workersEnvironmental costs of intensive farming

Problems on Agriculture

Problems on AgricultureLoss of agricultural landMonopsonyGovernment intervention in agricultureFewer varieties of crops and livestock

Top 5 Rice-Producing Regions of the Philippines: 2010 and 2011

Region2009Production(MT)Rank2010Production(MT)Rank2011Production(MT)RankCentral Luzon2,805,46712,958,41512,616,0831Western Visayas2,205,07121,789,69322,245,0382Cagayan Valley2,077,03631,745,72232,144,7663Ilocos Region1,351,71541,558,37341,602,8144SOCCSKSARGEN1,229,04051,185,19651,244,1485Source: BAS

Top 5 Corn-Producing Regions of the Philippines: 2010-2011Region2009Production(MT)Rank2010Production(MT)Rank2011Prodcution(MT)RankCagayan Valley1,598,19811,263,61411,601,6871Northern Mindanao1,170,62421,153,23921,212,2082SOCCSKSARGEN1,146,62931,064,44831,170,5543ARMM950,4294855,6664796,6614Ilocos Region351,1035358,4455387,8825Source: BAS

2008 Top 10 World Producers of Rice Paddy

Country2008(in tonnes)RankChina 193,354,1801India 148,770,0002Indonesia 60,251,1003Bangladesh 46,742,0004Viet Nam 38,725,1005Myanmar 32,573,0006Thailand 31,650,6007Philippines 16,815,5008Brazil 12,061,5009Japan 11,028,80010

Source: FAOSTAT | FAO Statistics Division 2011 | 05 August 2011

2008 Top 10 Importers of Rice Milled

Country2008(in tonnes)RankPhilippines 2,500,000*1United Arab Emirates 1,278,2302Iran (Islamic Republic of) 1,125,050R3Saudi Arabia 926,281R4Malaysia 883,111*5Bangladesh 781,168*6Iraq 694,215R7South Africa 626,4298Cte d'Ivoire 547,909*9United States of America 532,57110

* = Unofficial figure[ ] = Official dataF = FAO estimateIm = FAO data based on imputation methodologyM = Data not availableP = Provisional official data

Source: FAOSTAT | FAO Statistics Division 2011 | 05 August 2011