Aging and Oxidative Damage to Mitochondrial Protein Subunits of Complex IV Tony Tong Dr. Fred...
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Aging and Oxidative Damage to Mitochondrial Protein Subunits of Complex IV
Aging and Oxidative Damage to Mitochondrial Protein Subunits of Complex IV
Tony TongDr. Fred Stevens
Dr. Claudia MaierDuane Mooney
Department of ChemistryDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics
Oregon State UniversitySeptember 1, 2004
Tony TongDr. Fred Stevens
Dr. Claudia MaierDuane Mooney
Department of ChemistryDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics
Oregon State UniversitySeptember 1, 2004HHMI Summer 2004 Fellowship ProgramHHMI Summer 2004 Fellowship Program
Background:Aging and Oxygen RadicalsBackground:Aging and Oxygen RadicalsHeart disease is the #1 cause of death over age
65Large amounts of oxygen radicals are thought to
contribute to:protein oxidationmitochondrial dysfunction
Molecular mechanisms largely unknownFinding which proteins are damaged can provide
an insight into cardiac aging on the molecular level
Heart disease is the #1 cause of death over age 65
Large amounts of oxygen radicals are thought to contribute to:protein oxidationmitochondrial dysfunction
Molecular mechanisms largely unknownFinding which proteins are damaged can provide
an insight into cardiac aging on the molecular level
oxidative stressmyocardial aging
Background:Oxidative PhosphorylationBackground:Oxidative Phosphorylation
Background:Oxygen Radicals and Complex IV
Background:Oxygen Radicals and Complex IV Oxygen radicals can cause
peroxidation of nearby lipids These LPO products can then
adduct to proteins, ie Complex IV
Studies have shown that as adduction of 4-HNE (a LPO product) increases, Complex IV activity decreases
Oxygen radicals can cause peroxidation of nearby lipids
These LPO products can then adduct to proteins, ie Complex IV
Studies have shown that as adduction of 4-HNE (a LPO product) increases, Complex IV activity decreases
Source: Suh, J. H., Heath, S. H., Hagen, T. M. (2003). Two subpopulations of mitochondria in the aging rat heart display heterogeneous levels of oxidative stress. Free Radical Biology & Medicine 35 (9), 1064-1072
O
OH
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE)
= Young Rats
= Old Rats
Background:Adduction to Complex IVBackground:Adduction to Complex IVAdduction assumed
to be mostly on Cys, Lys, His (most nucleophilic)
Adduction assumed to be mostly on Cys, Lys, His (most nucleophilic)
O
OH
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE)
Aldehyde functionality group
O
OH
4-HNE
C5H11
OH
O
S
Prote in
C5H11
OH
O
HN
Prote in
C5H11
OH
O
SH
Prote in
H2N
Prote in
N
HN
Prote in
N
N
Prote in
CysteineLysine
Histidine
Background:Complex IVBackground:Complex IVaka cytochrome c oxidaseComprised of 13 polypeptide subunits
aka cytochrome c oxidaseComprised of 13 polypeptide subunits
Experimental:Labeling adducted Complex IV
Experimental:Labeling adducted Complex IVUse rat and mouse heart mitochondriaHICAT label addedLabel is aldehyde-specific (hydrazide binds
to lipid adducts)
Use rat and mouse heart mitochondriaHICAT label addedLabel is aldehyde-specific (hydrazide binds
to lipid adducts)
HICAT
HICATHICAT
+ HICATIV IV
HICAT(Hydrazide-functionalized Isotope-Coded Affinity Tag)
Biotin polyethyleneoxide 13C label
hydrazide
HN NH
S
HN
O
O
O
O
HN
O
CH2 CH2
O
NH NH2
O
OH
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE)
Aldehyde functionality group
Experimental:Isolating adducted Complex IV
Experimental:Isolating adducted Complex IVMembrane proteins separated by Blue-Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (BN-PAGE)
Western blot with avidin-horseradish peroxidase (binds with biotin)
Adding H2O2 fluoresces Hrp
Membrane proteins separated by Blue-Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (BN-PAGE)
Western blot with avidin-horseradish peroxidase (binds with biotin)
Adding H2O2 fluoresces Hrp
HICAT
HICATHICAT
IVBN-PAGE
Western blot
w/ Hrp
4˚C
Develop
film
Experimental:Isolating adducted Complex IV
Experimental:Isolating adducted Complex IVFluorescent spots overlaid with an identical
gelMatching spots are HICAT-reactiveAll gel spots excised and digested with
trypsinProteins extracted
Fluorescent spots overlaid with an identical gel
Matching spots are HICAT-reactiveAll gel spots excised and digested with
trypsinProteins extracted
Overlay film & 2nd gel
Gel pieces cut,digested, extracted
Experimental:ID of adducted Complex IV proteins
Experimental:ID of adducted Complex IV proteinsDigested proteins analyzed by LC/Q-ToF*
mass spectrometryDigested proteins analyzed by LC/Q-ToF*
mass spectrometry
*Liquid Chromatography/Quadrupole-Time of Flight
Brief Background:ProteomicsBrief Background:ProteomicsStudy of proteinsA certain sequence of amino acids defines a
proteinHighly unlikely that 2 different protein
fragments will have the same mass ID of a sequence ID of a protein
Study of proteinsA certain sequence of amino acids defines a
proteinHighly unlikely that 2 different protein
fragments will have the same mass ID of a sequence ID of a protein
Experimental:ID of proteinsExperimental:ID of proteinsQ-ToF-MS/MS sequentially breaks up protein
fragments further into amino acid residuesAnalysis by MASCOT search engine identifies
proteins
Q-ToF-MS/MS sequentially breaks up protein fragments further into amino acid residues
Analysis by MASCOT search engine identifies proteins
Results:Blue Native-PAGE GelResults:Blue Native-PAGE Gel
Mouse heart mitochondria
Results:Blue Native-PAGE BlotResults:Blue Native-PAGE Blot
Results:Blue Native-PAGE OverlayResults:Blue Native-PAGE Overlay
HICAT-reactive spots
Results:Mass spectrometry of peptides
Results:Mass spectrometry of peptides15 fragment ions correspond to peptide
ILYMMDEINNPVLTVK
15 fragment ions correspond to peptide ILYMMDEINNPVLTVK
Q-ToF-MS/MS Spectrum of a Complex IV Subunit II peptide
Results:Complex IV MASCOT Search Results
Results:Complex IV MASCOT Search ResultsSubunits I, II, III, IV, Va, Vb, VIIa
7 of 13 subunits detectedSubunit VIc detected in rat heart
mitochondria
Subunits I, II, III, IV, Va, Vb, VIIa
7 of 13 subunits detectedSubunit VIc detected in rat heart
mitochondria
Results:ETC Proteins in Blue Native-PAGE
Results:ETC Proteins in Blue Native-PAGE
HICAT-reactive spots
Complex IComplex VComplex III
Complex IV
Complex II
Results:Detecting HICAT adductionResults:Detecting HICAT adductionNone found in MASCOT searchingConcentration problem?
None found in MASCOT searchingConcentration problem?
Experimental:Future approachesExperimental:Future approaches2-D PAGE (2nd dimension w/SDS) for
increased resolutionAffinity chromatography coupled with MS
Only adducted peptide fragments will be detected
Allows ID of adducted residues
2-D PAGE (2nd dimension w/SDS) for increased resolution
Affinity chromatography coupled with MSOnly adducted peptide fragments will be
detectedAllows ID of adducted residues
Many thanks to…Many thanks to… The labs of:
Dr. Fred Stevens Dr. Claudia Maier Dr. Tory Hagen Dr. Emily Ho
Duane Mooney Andy Larkin Gretchen Clark-Scannell Brian Arbogast Dr. John Sowell Dr. Kevin Ahern Howard Hughes Medical Institute OSU Undergraduate Research, Innovation, Scholarship,
Creativity (URISC) Program You for listening!
The labs of: Dr. Fred Stevens Dr. Claudia Maier Dr. Tory Hagen Dr. Emily Ho
Duane Mooney Andy Larkin Gretchen Clark-Scannell Brian Arbogast Dr. John Sowell Dr. Kevin Ahern Howard Hughes Medical Institute OSU Undergraduate Research, Innovation, Scholarship,
Creativity (URISC) Program You for listening!
Questions?Questions?
Experimental:Affinity chromatographyExperimental:Affinity chromatographyBead-immobilized avidin (commercially
prepared)Monomeric & multimeric forms (mono is
weaker, biotin bond is reversible) Irreversible sites blocked w/biotinGlycine used to remove biotin from reversible
sitesProteins added, unbound protein washed awayBound protein eluted with formic acid
Bead-immobilized avidin (commercially prepared)
Monomeric & multimeric forms (mono is weaker, biotin bond is reversible)
Irreversible sites blocked w/biotinGlycine used to remove biotin from reversible
sitesProteins added, unbound protein washed awayBound protein eluted with formic acid
Results:Affinity chromatographyResults:Affinity chromatographyEarly work w/biotinylated insulin shows
presence of protein in elution samples and none in nonbiotinylated protein washes
However, no labeled peptides found in Q-ToF
In MALDI, peptides were detected, but not enough to do MS/MS
Early work w/biotinylated insulin shows presence of protein in elution samples and none in nonbiotinylated protein washes
However, no labeled peptides found in Q-ToF
In MALDI, peptides were detected, but not enough to do MS/MS
Results:Affinity Chromatography Test Run
Results:Affinity Chromatography Test Run
MALDI-ToF MS Spectrum of Insulin-Biotin
Results:HICAT Breakdown DetectedResults:HICAT Breakdown DetectedSmall peaks at 375 and 457 detectedSmall peaks at 375 and 457 detected
HN
NH
O H
HN
HS
O O O
NH
OHN
O
N
O
HN
OH
O
S
HN
H2N
OHO
O
m/z 375
m/z 489
m/z 457
m/z 855
m/z 801
m/z 270
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900m/z
100
75
50
25
0
Re
lativ
e I
nte
nsi
ty (
%)
270
375
457
489 623.4 801
930MH+
855
MS/MS of 12C-HICAT-DDE-Glutathione
Results:The other bands?Results:The other bands?Lower bands: Cytochrome c (ETC
protein), actin, hemoglobin
Everywhere: Complex V subunits, citric acid cycle and ß-oxidation related proteins, myosin, albumin
Lower bands: Cytochrome c (ETC protein), actin, hemoglobin
Everywhere: Complex V subunits, citric acid cycle and ß-oxidation related proteins, myosin, albumin
Background:LPO Product FormationBackground:LPO Product Formation
COOH
COOH COOH
HOO OOH
COOH
OH
COOH
O
COOH
OH
COOH
O
COOH
OOH
HOO
COOH
O
OOH
O
O
OOHO
OH
O
O
COOH
O
COOH
HOO
OOH
Linoleic Acid
13-HPODE 9-HPODE
4-HPNE
4-HNE4-ONE
13-HODE13-KODE
2,4-DDE
9-KODE 9-HODE
O
COOH
O
O
Acrolein
Experimental:Biocytin-Hydrazide LabelExperimental:Biocytin-Hydrazide LabelShorter chain length vs. HICATCommercially available
Shorter chain length vs. HICATCommercially available
HN NH
S
HN
O
O
NHNH2
O
NH2
Biocytin-Hydrazide