Age of Jackson, Civil War and Reconstruction

STAAR Review 2015

Andrew JacksonIn the _______________, there was no winner because no one won the majority of the electoral college votes. __________________made a deal with Speaker of the House, ______________, saying that if the House of Representatives choose Adams as President, J.Q. Adams would make Henry Clay the _________________. The House of Representatives choose J.Q. Adams as president and Andrew Jackson called this the “________________”. However, voting requirements changed between 1824 and 1828, allowing Jackson to win by a landslide 1828!

Election of 1824 John Quincy

AdamsHenry Clay

Secretary of State

Corrupt Bargain

Voting RequirementsElection of 1824 Election of 1828

• White• Male• 21 or older• Own Property

• White• Male• 21 or older

How did the Election of 1828 expand suffrage?Gave more people, who did not own property,

the right to vote.

Andrew Jackson and the Nullification Crisis

The Story: Congress passed a Tariff of 1828 that increased tariffs on goods from Europe. This Protective Tariff protected Northern Industries while making products more expense for Southern planters. Southerners nicknamed this tariff the “Tariff of Abominations”, because they hated it so much. Vice President John C. Calhoun believed in states’ rights, and believed states could limit the power the of National government in their own state. South Carolina passed the Nullification Act which declared the tariff illegal in their state. South Carolina threatened to secede, withdraw, if the tariff was not lifted. Henry Clay created a compromise lowering the tariff but also giving the President more power to use force if a state threatened to secede again. Cause: Effects:

Nullification Crisis

• Tariff helped the North at the expense of the South

• South Carolina tries to nullify the tariff and threatens to secede from the Union

• Henry Clay creates a compromise that lowers the tariff but gives the president more power to use force if a state threatens to secede

Manifest Destiny

Manifest Destiny: The belief in the God given right that America should expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific

What do you see in this picture that relates to Manifest Destiny?

Andrew Jackson and the Indian Removal Act

• Indian Removal Act: Gave the president power to move Native Americans west of the Mississippi River

• Jackson began to remove many Native American tribes in the Southeast to Indian Territory in present day Oklahoma

Cherokees refused to move and took their case to the Supreme Court

Supreme Court ruled in favor of the

Cherokees and said they could stay in

Georgia

Worcester vs. GeorgiaH

ow

ever… • President Jackson refused to enforce the

Court’s ruling and made the Cherokees move anyways

• Trail of Tears: Forced removal of Native Americans to Indian Territory where they lost their homeland and many lost their lives on the way

Westward Expansion Map

Label: 1. Original 13

Colonies2. Northwest

Territory3. Florida4. Louisiana

Purchase5. Oregon

Country6. Texas

Annexation7. Mexican

Cession8. Gadsden

Purchase

Origi

nal 1

3 C

olon

ies

Northwest Territory

Florida

Louisiana Purchase

Oregon Territory

Texas Annexation

Mexican Cession

Gadsden Purchase

Westward Expansion Map

Oregon Country, 1846

Economic Social Political

Fur Trade Bring Christianity to Native Americans

Split the territory with Great Britain at the 49th parallel

Westward Expansion Map

Texas Annexation, 1845

Economic Social Political

Texas could pay off war debt with money from annexation

Many Americans lived in Texas

Polk won election of 1844 by supporting annexation of Texas

Westward Expansion Map

Mexican Cession,

1848

Gadsden Purchase,

1853

Economic Social Political

U.S. paid $15 million for Cession and $10 million for Gadsden after Mexican War

Gain California and Utah, which led to Gold Rush and Mormon Migration

Ended the disputes between Mexico and the U.S.

Westward Expansion Map

Economic Social Political

Agriculture, shipping, and trade expanded

Many groups,49ers, rushed to California, boomtowns

California applied for statehood as a free state

California Gold Rush,

1849

U.S.-Mexican War

Texas gains independence from Mexico

Texas as a Republic

Texas is annexed to the U.S.

Mexico is angered by Texas annexation

Border disputes lead to fighting

Mexican American

War

Treaty of G.H./Mexican Cession

U.S. buys Gadsden

Purchase

Manifest Destiny done

Mexican-American War

Texas gains independence from

Mexico

Manifest Destiny is complete

Texas as a RepublicU.S. buys Gadsden

Purchase

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, U.S. gains Mexican Cession

Mexico is angered by Texas

annexation

Border disputes leads to fighting

Texas is annexed to the U.S.

Put the following era of US history in order on the timeline above.

North vs. South Perspective on Slavery

Northern Perspective Southern Perspective

•Slavery was a moral issue

•Slavery was evil

•If slavery was not abolished, it could bring God’s judgment

•Slavery was an economic necessity

•Slavery was a way of life and part of their society

•Wanted to move slavery west

The North and the South had differing view on slavery. This was a leading cause of the Civil War.

Causes of the Civil War

Right of a state to limit the power of the Federal government

Tax on imports that protected Northern industries at the expense of Southern planters

John C. Calhoun and S. Carolina threaten to secede if tariff of 1828 and 1832 is not lifted

South saw this as an economic necessity, however North saw it as a moral issue

Book by H.B. Stowe about the evils of slavery, abolitionists movement grows in the North

Kansas and Nebraska would use popular sovereignty to determine slavery in their state

Settlers from both sections rushed to Kansas to vote, violence broke out, mini-civil war

Abe Lincoln becomes the first Republican President and S. Carolina is first to secede

States’ Rights

States’

Rights

Tariff of 1828 and 1832

Tariff of 1828 and

1832

Nullification

Crisis

Nullification Crisis

Slavery

Slavery

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Kansas-Nebraska

Act

Bleeding Kansas

Bleeding Kansas

Election of

1860

Election of 1860

CompromisesBecause the North and the South could agree on many issues, ________________ came up with several compromises to help keep the Union together for a short time before the Civil War.

Henry Clay

Missouri Compromise Compromise of 18501. Missouri would be a slave

state2. Maine would be a free state3. Creation of 36’30’’ line – no

slavery above that line in the Louisiana Territory only

1. California would be a free state

2. Harsher fugitive slave law3. New Mexico and Utah will

use popular sovereignty to determine slavery

1. In the Missouri Compromise, why did Missouri and Maine have to be admitted at the same time?

2. What parts of each compromise would the South agree with, and which parts would the North agree with?

So the number of slave and free states would stay equal in Congress

South: Missouri slave state and harsher fugitive slave lawNorth: Maine free state and California free state

Dred Scott DecisionThe Story: ___________moved with his owner from a ________state to a _______ state. When his owner died, Scott sued for his ____________

Dred Scott

slave free

freedom

Supreme Court’s

decided…

1. Slaves were not citizens

and could not bring lawsuit

to court

2. Slaves were property

3. Congress could not ban

slavery in territories

4. Missouri Compromise

was unconstitution

al

The Civil War Battles

Battle Date What Happened Importance

Fort Sumter April 12, 1861

South refused to give up fort, firing broke out but no one was injured

First battle of the Civil War

Antietam Sept 18, 1862

Confederate loss, bloodiest battle of war

Lincoln used victory to issue Emancipation Proclamation

Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863

Confederate loss meant they would never invade Union again

Lincoln gave Gettysburg Address after this battle

Appomattox Courthouse

April 9, 1865 Robert E. Lee (confederate commander) surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant (Union commander)

Civil War is over, Union Victory

Assassination of Lincoln

April 15, 1865

John Wilkes Booth shoots Lincoln in Ford’s theatre

Reconstruction will look very differently than what Lincoln wanted

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?

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Reconstruction

13th Amendment 14th Amendment 15th Amendment

Freed the slaves in the U.S.

Gave citizenship to former enslaved people

Allowed all male citizens the right to vote

Remember the phrase:

“Free Citizens Vote”

Free: 13th

Citizens: 14th Vote: 15th

1. How did these amendments impact the American way of life?

2. What time period later on in history will be effected by these amendments?

These 3 amendments expanded the rights of all

citizens in the U.S.

These amendments lay the foundation for the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s