Advanced Navigation

7/28/2019 Advanced Navigation

1/9

l Text, Graphics, Animations, Video, and Commentary on this website was created by, and is the intellectual property of [email protected]. All i!hts eser"ed. #nauthori$ed reproduction is punishable by up to a %&00,000 fine or & years imprisonment for a first offense, and up to$1,000,000 fine or up to 10 years imprisonment for subsequent offenses under the 'i!ital (illenium Copyri!ht Act )'(CA*. e+uests for use of this material should be forwarded to [email protected] did I add this disclaimer? SEE WHY

ADVANCED NAVIGATION

!" #%&%' "ap (eadin) and *and +ai)ation

CHAPTER 9 - LAND NAVIGATION

AVIGATION EQUIPMENT AND METHODSompasses are the primary nai)ation tools to use .hen moin) in anutdoor .orld .here there is no other .ay to find directions Soldiers shoulde thorou)hly familiar .ith the compass and its uses /art ne of this

manual discussed the techniques of map readin) o complement theseechniques, a mastery of field moement techniques is essential his chapterescribes the lensatic compass and its uses, and some of the field e2pedient

methods used to find directions .hen compasses are not aailable

-1. TYPES OF COMPASSES

he lensatic compass is the most common and simplest instrument for measurin) directionis discussed in detail in para)raph 3% he artillery "% compass is a specialpurposestrument desi)ned for accuracy4 it .ill be discussed in 5ppendi2 6 he .rist7poc8et

ompass is a small ma)netic compass that can be attached to a .rist.atch band It containsnorthsee8in) arro. and a dial in de)rees 5 protractor can be used to determine a9imuths

.hen a compass is not aailable Ho.eer, it should be noted that .hen usin) the protractorn a map, only )rid a9imuths are obtained

-2. LENSATIC COMPASShe lensatic compass :!i)ure 31; consists of three maase he body of the compass contains the follo.in) moable parts=

; he floatin) dial is mounted on a piot so it can rotate freely .hen the compass iseld leel /rinted on the dial in luminous fi)ures are an arro. and the letters E and W herro. al.ays points to ma)netic north and the letters fall at east :E; 30 and .est :W; %@0

n the dial here are t.o scales4 the outer scale denotes mils and the inner scale :normally red; denotes de)rees%; Encasin) the floatin) dial is a )lass containin) a fi2ed blac8 inde2 line#; he be9el rin) is a ratchet deice that clic8s .hen turned It contains 1%0 clic8s .henotated fully4 each clic8 is equal to # 5 short luminous line that is used in con


2/9

amps the dial .hen closed for its protection he rear si)ht must be opened more than A&o allo. the dial to float freelyOTE(When opened, the strai)hted)e on the left side of the compass has a coordinatecale4 the scale is 1=&0,000 in ne.er compasses

)ARNING(Some older compasses .ill hae a 1=%&,000 scale his scale can be used.ith a 1=&0,000scale map, but the alues read must be haled -hec8 thecale

-*. COMPASS HANDLINGompasses are delicate instruments and should be cared for accordin)ly Inspection 5 detailed inspection is required .hen first obtainin) and usin) aompass ne of the most important parts to chec8 is the floatin) dial, .hich contains the

ma)netic needle he user must also ma8e sure the si)htin) .ire is strai)ht, the )lass andrystal parts are not bro8en, the numbers on the dial are readable, and most important, that

he dial does not stic8 Effects of "etal and Electricity "etal ob


3/9

igure 9-*. C%&'"!!-#%-$,ee0 #e$,i/ue. /resettin) a -ompass and !ollo.in) an 59imuth 5lthou)h different models of

he lensatic compass ary some.hat in the details of their use, the principles are the same; urin) dayli)ht hours or .ith a li)ht source=

a; Hold the compass leel in the palm of the handb; (otate it until the desired a9imuth falls under the fi2ed blac8 inde2 line :for e2ample,%0;, maintainin) the a9imuth as prescribed :!i)ure 3A;

c; urn the be9el rin) until the luminous line is ali)ned .ith the northsee8in) arro.nce the ali)nment is obtained, the compass is presetd; o follo. an a9imuth, assume the centerhold technique and turn your body until theorthsee8in) arro. is ali)ned .ith the luminous line hen proceed for.ard in the directionf the front coerFs si)htin) .ire, .hich is ali)ned .ith the fi2ed blac8 inde2 line thatontains the desired a9imuth

igure 9-+. C%&'"!! 're!e# "# *2 egree!.%; urin) limited isibility, an a9imuth may be set on the compass by the clic8 method

(emember that the be9el rin) contains # interals :clic8s;a; (otate the be9el rin) until the luminous line is oer the fi2ed blac8 inde2 lineb; !ind the desired a9imuth and diide it by three he result is the number of clic8s thatou hae to rotate the be9el rin)

c; -ount the desired number of clic8s If the desired a9imuth is smaller than 1B0, theumber of clic8s on the be9el rin) should be counted in a countercloc8.ise direction !or2ample, the desired a9imuth is &1 esired a9imuth is &1G # 1@ clic8sountercloc8.ise If the desired a9imuth is lar)er than 1B0, subtract the number of de)reesom #'0 and diide by # to obtain the number of clic8s -ount them in a cloc8.iseirection !or e2ample, the desired a9imuth is ##04 #'0##0 #0 G# 10 clic8soc8.ise

d; With the compass preset as described aboe, assume a centerhold technique andotate your body until the northsee8in) arro. is ali)ned .ith the luminous line on the be9el


4/9

hen proceed for.ard in the direction of the front coerFs luminous dots, .hich are ali)ned.ith the fi2ed blac8 inde2 line containin) the a9imuthe; When the compass is to be used in dar8ness, an initial a9imuth should be set .hile)ht is still aailable, if possible With the initial a9imuth as a base, any other a9imuth that a multiple of three can be established throu)h the use of the clic8in) feature of the be9eln)

OTE( Sometimes the desired a9imuth is not e2actly diisible by three, causin) an optionf roundin) up or roundin) do.n If the a9imuth is rounded up, this causes ancrease in the alue of the a9imuth, and the ob


5/9

igure 9-;. De#er&iig ire$#i%! " #i&e 54 !,"%


6/9

igure 9-=. De#er&iig ire$#i% 54 u!ig "


7/9

A; ependin) on the star selected for nai)ation, a9imuth chec8s are necessary 5 starear the north hori9on seres for about half an hour When moin) south, a9imuth chec8should be made eery 1& minutes When traelin) east or .est, the difficulty of stayin) on9imuth is caused more by the li8elihood of the star climbin) too hi)h in the s8y or losin)self behind the .estern hori9on than it is by the star chan)in) direction an)le When thisappens, it is necessary to chan)e to another )uide star he Southern -ross is the mainonstellation used as a )uide south of the equator, and the aboe )eneral directions for usin)orth and south stars are reersed When nai)atin) usin) the stars as )uides, the user mustno. the different constellation shapes and their locations throu)hout the .orld :!i)ure 310nd !i)ure 311 on pa)e 31%;

igure 9-1. C%!#e"#i%!> %r#,er ,e&i!',ere.


8/9

igure 9-11. C%!#e"#i%!> !%u#,er ,e&i!',ere.

-6. GLO3AL POSITIONING SYSTEMhe 6/S is a spacebased, )lobal, all.eather, continuously aailable, radio positionin)ai)ation system It is hi)hly accurate in determinin) position location deried from si)nalian)ulation from a satellite constellation system It is capable of determinin) latitude,

on)itude, and altitude of the indiidual user It is bein) fielded in handheld, manpac8,ehicular, aircraft, and .atercraft confi)urations he 6/S receies and processes data fromatellites on either a simultaneous or sequential basis It measures the elocity and ran)e

.ith respect to each satellite, processes the data in terms of an earthcentered, earthfi2edoordinate system, and displays the information to the user in )eo)raphic or military )ridoordinates

he 6/S can proide precise steerin) information, as .ell as position location heeceier can accept many chec8points entered in any coordinate system by the user andonert them to the desired coordinate system he user then calls up the desired chec8pointnd the receier .ill display direction and distance to the chec8point he 6/S does notae inherent drift, an improement oer the Inertial +ai)ation System, and the receier

.ill automatically update its position he receier can also compute time to the ne2thec8point Specific uses for the 6/S are position location4 nai)ation4 .eapon location4 tar)etnd sensor location4 coordination of firepo.er4 scout and screenin) operations4 combatesupply4 location of obstacles, barriers, and )aps4 and communication support he 6/Slso has the potential to allo. units to train their soldiers and proide the follo.in)=/erformance feedbac8Kno.led)e of routes ta8en by the soldierKno.led)e of errors committed by the soldier-omparison of planned ersus e2ecuted routes

Safety and control of lost and in


9/9

RELATED PAGES
http://www.m4040.com/Survival/navbar.htmhttp://www.m4040.com/Survival/navbar.htm

Advanced Navigation

Documents

Transcript of Advanced Navigation