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Transcript of Advanced Data Sharing Technologies
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Advanced Data SharingTechnologies Part 1version 9
Philippe Nicolas, SymantecJonathan Goldick, ONStor
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SNIA Advanced Data Sharing Technologies Tutorial (v9) - Storage Networking World USA - April 3-6th, 2006 2005-2006 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
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Abstract
Advanced Data Sharing Technologies Part 1The What, Why and How of Data Sharing technologies plus block and file-based approachesfor IT Director and Managers, IT/Storage/System Eng., Admins, Architects and TrainersHow to deliver more performance and data accessibility with little to no additional cost? How to take advantage of existing storage infrastructure to provide more value to end-users and the global enterprise? A clear industry direction indicates that Data Sharing architectures and technology can be a good way to achieve these objectives.The first session offers a definition of Data Sharing and a discussion of its benefits with examples linked to the SNIA Shared Storage Model. We cover the main data sharing approaches and describe how they can improve performance, data accessibility, and manageability. This includes Scale-in and Scale-out methods based on block, file and application technologies such as: Cluster Volume Managers, SAN File Systems, Cluster File Systems, Parallel NFS (pNFS), Object-based Storage Devices (OSD) and Global/Parallel File System.
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SNIA Advanced Data Sharing Technologies Tutorial (v9) - Storage Networking World USA - April 3-6th, 2006 2005-2006 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
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SNIA Legal Notice
The material contained in this tutorial is copyrighted by the SNIA
Member companies and individuals may use this material in presentations and literature under the following conditions: Any slide or slides used must be reproduced without modification The SNIA must be acknowledged as source of any material used
in the body of any document containing material from these presentations
This presentation is a project of the SNIA Education Committee
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Agenda
What is Data Sharing ? Definition
Why Data Sharing ? End User Benefits
How is Data shared ? Block and file-based approaches
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What is Data Sharing ?Why Data Sharing ?
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What is Data Sharing ?Definition
Shared access tosame data (value & location) by multiple systems Read/write: changes to data become visible to all servers Read-only access via mechanisms that support shared read/write
access Examples
Read/write access to a shared file is data sharing So is read-only access to a shared file
Clone/Snapshots (read-only or read/write) are not data sharing Changes do not affect original data
Caching is data sharing when changes propagate Changes to cached data must become visible to all Other data changes must become visible via cache
Replication/CDP* is not data sharing because location changes Potential divergence of data
* CDP: Continuous Data Protection
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Why Data Sharing ?End User Benefits
Better performance and scalability Larger server can be expen$$ive
Sharing: apply more servers to same problem Scales well for some applications, poorly for others Can avoid replication or cloning
Concurrency and Content access distribution Use same data for more than one application
Administration Consolidated shared resource has lower TCO Data Sharing increases the benefits of Storage/Data
Consolidation
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Storage ConsolidationScale-up by Scale-In
FileServer
SharedDisks
Scale-In
StorageNetwork
Data Network - LANNFS/CIFSServer
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Performance ImprovementScale-up by Scale-Out
ApplicationServer
DB Engine
Application
Shared Disks
Scale-outStorageNetwork
Shared Storage Software
Cluster Software
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Why Data Sharing ?How to apply Data Sharing to do useful things
High Availability Clusters (local & geographic) Scaling applications
Web Servers - Read mostly/load balanced Databases/OLTP/DW - Mostly use direct I/O
Parallel applications and fast failover Systems and Applications Consolidation/Migration Off-host processing
Based on shared file system Can also use by Point-in-Time copy techniques (not related to
our data sharing definition) address both Performance and Availability with no
administration degradation and overhead
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Some technologiesand products
IBM AFSIBM AFS
Oracle OPS/RAC
VERITAS CFSVERITAS CFS
PolyServe Matrix Server
HP HP TruClusterTruCluster/CFS/CFS ADIC ADIC StorNextStorNext FSFSNFSNFS
CIFSCIFS
SambaSamba
IBM SANergyIBM SANergy
Sybase MPP
SGI CXFS
Informix XPS
RedhatRedhat GFSGFS
EMC HighRoadEMC HighRoad
RFSRFS
DFSDFS
CodaCoda
Sun QFSSun QFS
PPFSPPFS
DB2DB2
SMBSMB
ISO9660ISO9660
WebNFSTacit Networks Tacit Networks IIsharedshared
Cisco Cisco FileEngineFileEngineDiskSites FilePort
NuviewNuview StorageXStorageX
SUN SAM-FS
Sanbolic Melio FS
WebFSWebFSIBM Storage TankIBM Storage Tank
OpenAFSOpenAFS
IsilonIsilon IQ IQ OneFSOneFS
IBRIX FusionFSONStor STORONStor STOR--FSFSWAFSWAFS
PVFS
OSD
WebNFS
pNFSpNFS
Apple Xsan
LUSTRE
Distributed, Distributed, Cluster orCluster or
SAN File SystemSAN File System
Parallel &Parallel &PartitionedPartitioned
ApplicationsApplications VolumeVolume
FineGround
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How is Data Shared ?
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How is data shared ?Approaches and methods
Several levels are possible Share at the volume level (block based) Share at the file or file system level (file, block or object* based) Share at the database or application level (custom)
In all cases, all these methods could occur among like or dissimilar systems (OS), concurrently or serially, directly at the storage or in the network
* For OSD
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How is data shared ?Approaches and methods
Traditional/Historical Block level: Volume Management File/File System (FS) level: Local FS (serial data sharing) and
distributed methods with NAS, Samba, AFP (AppleShare), DFS, AFS/OpenAFS, RFS, Coda
App./DB level: custom built-in methods (RDBMS, Email systems)
Advanced/Recent - File/FS level Distributed: WAFS approach (NAS extension)
and Network File Management/Virtualization(NFM), Global FS, SANFS and Cluster FS
Check outSNIA Tutorial:
NAS & iSCSI
Check outSNIA Tutorial:
NAS & iSCSI
Check outSNIA Tutorial:
StorageVirtualization
Check outSNIA Tutorial:
StorageVirtualization
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How is data shared ?The SNIA Shared Storage Model
File/record layerFile/record layer
Database(dbms)
File system(FS)
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Block layerBlock layer
Storage devices (disks, )Storage devices (disks, )
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Cluster FS
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SAN FS
NAS
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How is data shared ?Volume level
Examples EMC PowerPath Volume Manager (PPVM) HP Shared Logical Volume Manager (SLVM) IBM Logical Volume Manager (LVM) MACROIMPACT SANique Cluster Volume Manager (CVM) REDHAT Logical Volume Manager (LVM) SANBOLIC LaScala VERITAS* [Cluster] Volume Manager (CVM/VxVM)
Data Layout and
Organization
DataPath
LVM LVM
* Merged with Symantec, July 2005
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How is data shared ?Volume level
Volume Managers allow data to be shared at a low level (block) without usually a built-in locking mechanism Higher level applications control concurrent accesses to the data as
needed Can combine or divide physical resources (e.g., concatenation,
mirroring, striping) and share the result Volume Managers and the VTOC* problem
Every OS has its own VTOC format Every VM has its own Volume Header and Table Definition
Same VM everywhere and you can share raw volume or same FS Byte orders between processor
Big Endian: Sparc, PA-Risc, Power Little Endian: Intel) Block size on the device and block boundary
could cause troubles Concurrent or Serial access
Check outSNIA Tutorial:
StorageVirtualization
Check outSNIA Tutorial:
StorageVirtualization
* Volume Table Of Contents
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How is data shared ?Volume level
In-Band Virtualization Out-of-Band Virtualization
ApplicationServers
SharedDisks
StorageNetwork
ApplicationServers
SharedDisks
StorageNetwork
Appliance
Volumecreation
Volumeallocation
Intelligent switch and/or
Appliance
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How is data shared ?Volume level
ApplicationServers
StorageNetwork
Shared Volume Manager - Storage Software
HPC App. HPC App. HPC App. HPC App.
Shared Disks
Example: HPC* Application- How ?
Own data format on disk Own lock mechanism
- Benefits Increased throughput More effective use of servers
* High Performance Computing
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How is data shared ?File/File System level
Share at File or File System (FS) level
Multiple approaches & levels of maturity Block-based
Local (physical) Disk File System* for serial data sharing Disk based Cluster File System SAN File System or SAN File Sharing System
File-based or Distributed File System NFS/CIFS, WAFS and NFM** Global, Parallel and Distributed FS
* like UFS, HFS, XFS, JFS, VxFS, NTFS, ext2/3** Network File Management (also Network File Virtualization)
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File/record layer
Device block-aggregation
Network block-aggregation
Host block-aggregation
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4. NAS serverHost3. NAS head
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Cluster FSShared
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Applicationlevel
SAN FS
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Dist. FS
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How is data shared ?File/File System level Local Disk File System
Serial File System sharing on same or dissimilar OS via commonVolume Manager & Physical File System
Good for sequential (not concurrent) data processing and data migration
If OS is different Same Volume Manager avoids VTOC incompatibilities Byte order differences may require meta-data conversion
Intel is Little-endian, most others are Big Endian Examples
Homogeneous OS (common case) Most file systems (and volume managers) support this UFS, HFS, XFS, JFS, VxFS, ext2/3 SDS/SVM, LVM, XVM,
VxVM Sanbolic Kayo, DNF Dynamic Share Heterogeneous OS (need common volume manager)
VERITAS* Storage Foundation with Portable Data Container feature
* Merged with Symantec, July 2005
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Import Disk GroupStart VolumeMount File System
How is data shared ?File/File System level Local Disk File System
OS #0
SharedDisks
StorageNetwork
OS #1 OS #2 OS #3
Import Disk GroupStart VolumeMount File System
Deport Disk GroupStop VolumeUmount File System
Example: DW* Application
- How ? OS #0 server stores data OS #1 server starts
batches OS #2 server loads data
into the DW OS #3 server backups
data- Benefits
No data multiplication Cost effective for Storage More effective use of
servers No time wasted in
copying data between servers
Import Disk GroupStart VolumeMount File System
Import Disk GroupStart VolumeMount File System
Import Disk GroupStart VolumeMount File System
Deport Disk GroupStop VolumeUmount File System
Deport Disk GroupStop VolumeUmount File System
* Data Warehouse
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How is data shared ?File/File System level Cluster File System
Cluster File System (also called Shared Data Cluster) A Cluster FS allow a FS and files to be shared All nodes understand Physical (on-disk) FS structure The File System is mounted by all the nodes Single FS Image
Same data view from all nodes Examples
HP CFS (TruCluster) HP/Cal. Soft. Monster FS IBM GPFS MACROIMPACT SANique CFS POLYSERVE Matrix Server
REDHAT GFS1
SANBOLIC MelioFS VERITAS2 CFS
1 Sistina acquired by RedHat2 Merged with Symantec, July 2005
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How is data shared ?File/File System level Cluster FS
SecondHost
Shared Disks
HeartBeatLock Management
StorageNetwork
Cluster File System
Cluster Volume Manager
WebServer
WebServer
WebServer
FirstHost
Cluster
Example: Web Servers Farm How ?
Shared VM/FS Load Balancer in front
Benefits Increased throughput More effective use of servers Failure is transparent SSI/SFSI, High SLAs
Optional Layer
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How is data shared ?File/File System level Cluster File System
Asymmetric & Symmetric Implementation Asymmetric uses master node for logging and locking
Lock Mechanism Distributed or Global Lock Management (DLM/GLM)
Different implementation strategies Granularity varies: file, record, byte
Cache Coherence Single File System Image Every modification is seen by all nodes as soon as a
modification in the data sharing domain occurs
Usage Consideration: Concurrent vs Serial data access Concurrent: multiple systems access the data simultaneously Serial: one system at a time uses and access the data
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How is data shared ?Advanced methods File/FS Approaches
SAN File System 1 node (Master) or a set of masters
Understand, manage and use metadata on disk Use of file system even if portions of it are inaccessible block addresses distributed to nodes (clients) on request
Other nodes (clients) connection to SAN storage Avoid overhead due to Metadata management access to data directly using blocks addresses sent by Master(s)
Designed to support hundreds or thousands of nodes Mixed role between direct data access with
host based thin software and NAS access
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How is data shared ?File/File System level SAN File System
Flexibility of network FS at SAN speed Long-term goal for the industry development for Capacity and
Performance scaling Scaling hundreds of PetaBytes of capacity and tens of GigaBytes/sec
More recent File Server Generation Examples
APPLE Xsan ADIC StorNext FS DataPlow SAN FS
& Nasan FS EMC Celerra HighRoad,
MPFS/MPFSi
HP DirectNFS xNFS (Cal. Soft.) Transoft Fibrenet
IBM TotalStorage SAN FS, SANergy
IBRIX FusionFS SGI CXFS SUN QFS
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How is data shared ?File/File System level SAN FS
Data Network - LANFileServer
Example: Multimedia Application How ?
1 big server with NFS/CIFS layer Server and Client SAN FS layer Hundreds of clients
Benefits Increased throughput Consolidate storage, very scalable More effective use of resources
NFS/CIFSServer
StorageNetwork
MetadataServer
Client sw Client sw
File Request
Block list
Data Access
Data and Control Access
App.
App. App.
SharedDisks
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How is data shared ?File/File System level SAN FS
How it works ? Asymmetric or Client/Server model Server controls client access, resolves conflicts Thin client software layer handles SAN device and server
interaction
Lock Mechanism Provided by the server at a central location Various granularity: file, record, byte Some implementations use SMB or NFS semantics The server needs to be protected cause it represents a SPOF
Cache Coherency Some implementations deliver cache coherency with traditional
validate/invalidate mechanism, others dont offer cache at all
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How is data shared ?File/File System level OSD
OSD = Object-based Storage Device An object comprises
Application data (e.g., file, record) Device-managed metadata (e.g., block allocation) User-accessible attributes (e.g., access times)
Objects have file-like methods for access Open, close, read, write, get/set attributes Commands are authorized
Industry offerings Lustre (www.lustre.org) Bull, CFS, Cray, HP, Scali, SUN Lustre based Panasas
SNIA OSD Working Group OSD as a SCSI command set www.snia.org/tech_activities/workgroups/osd
ID x123Blocks:3,42Length:512
Check outSNIA Tutorial:
Object-basedStorageDevice
Check outSNIA Tutorial:
Object-basedStorageDevice
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How is data shared ?File/File System level OSD
Block Interface
Storage Device
Block I/O Manager
Object Interface
Applications
File SystemUser Component
File SystemStorage Component
System Call Interface
CPUApplications
File SystemUser Component
System Call Interface
CPU
Storage Device
Block I/O Manager
File SystemStorage Component
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How is data shared ?File/File System level OSD
ManagersMA
NAGEM
ENTEth switchSAN
Clients
Object-based Storage Devices
SECRETSECRETKEYKEY
SECRETSECRETKEYKEY
SECRETSECRETKEYKEY
Access Request
DATA
Intelligent Device
Space ManagementBackup/RecoveryQoS via attributesSecurity
Validate CapabilityValidate CapabilityValidate Capability
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How is data shared ?File/File System level Parallel NFS (pNFS)
Now pNFS Goal
NFS Server
Host Net
Storage Net
NFSv4
Storage Servers
ClientClient
Host Net
Storage Net
NFSv4
NFS Server
Storage Servers
Data
Data
Allow NFSv4, data to bypass NFS server No application changes, similar management model
pNFS extensions to NFSv4 communicate data location to clients Clients access data via Fibre Channel, iSCSI, OSD, or even NFS
IETF standardization in progress
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How is data shared ?File/File System level SANFS vs CFS
Characteristics& Features SAN FS Cluster FS
Tolerance of Distance(between server and clients)
Important Limited
# of nodes Hundreds Dozens
Heterogeneous OS Yes No
Dedicated Meta-Data Server(s) Required Yes, usually
No cluster assigns functions to nodes
Physical filesystemlayout knowledge
Metadata server only(clients may understand
if same OS)
All nodes (Cluster FS currently requires
same OS)
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How is data shared ?File/File System level Parallel File System
Concept/Idea: Data is striped between servers (I/O nodes)
Features Cluster-wide consistent name space User control for file striping across I/O nodes
Asymmetric (master + slave servers + clients) GoogleFS, PVFS*, IBRIX, Panasas (osd)
Symmetric (peer servers + clients) TerraScale, Isilon, Exanet, NetApp (Spinnaker Networks)
* Parallel Virtual File System
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How is data shared ?File/File System level Parallel File System
Asymmetric Symmetric
#1#1#0
#2#2
#0
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Conclusion
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ConclusionVarious ways to Share Data
Many products and philosophy in the industry OS, disk (local) file system Methods to protect data (locking) Cache coherency mechanisms and semantics Caused by varied objectives and applications
There is no single, simple, efficient data format available on all operating systems !! (sorry) Server and client software needed for Data Sharing Remember VTOC and Byte ordering potential issue
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Conclusion to leverage the infrastructure
There are a number of things to consider when choosing a file system or server Will the application work as desired? Will it perform and scale? Does it have the required data management services? Is it secure enough? Is it easy to use and manage?
There is no single solution that is superior in all cases BUT these approaches deliver real applications and business benefits Real measured ROI Performance, Availability and Manageability
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Q&A / Feedback
Please send any questions or comments on this presentation to SNIA: [email protected]
Many thanks to the following individuals for their contributions to this tutorial.
SNIA Education Committee
Symantec (Philippe Nicolas) ONStor (Jonathan Goldick) EMC (David Black) CA, Cisco, CNT, Crossroads, EvaluatorGroup, HDS,
HGAI, Inrange, Knowledge Transfer, Microsoft, NationWide, QLogic, Sandia National Laboratories, Seagate, Solution Technology, Sun Microsystems & VERITAS Software
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Advanced Data SharingTechnologies version 9
Philippe Nicolas, SymantecJonathan Goldick, ONStor