ADS-B Update: equipping for 2020 (August 2015 edition)

Flying with the iPad

John ZimmermanSportys Pilot Shop

ADS-B UpdateEquipping for 2020 portables and panel

John Zimmerman

Active GA Pilot Comm/Multi/Inst/Heli

Vice President Sportys Pilot Shop

ADS-B Update

What is ADS-B?Key termsHow does it work?Panel-mount avionicsPortable avionicsTips and advicepresentation overview

ADS-B Update

ADS-B System Overview

Quick HistoryWhere did ADS-B come from?Capstone Program launched in Alaska in the late 1990sCan we use new technology to improve safety?Accurate position with GPS/WAASTransmit to ground and airplanesGround station networkNew aircraft transpondersDatalink weather

Answer: yes.

Where are we now?

Quick History

Current system built on success of Capstone programFinal ADS-B Out rules finalized in 2011 nothing is changing nowGround station network is completeLots of options for hardwarePretty mature system now.

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What does it all mean?

Key TermsNextGenADS-BADS-B Out and ADS-B InADS-B Out options1090ES and 978 (UAT)ADS-B In termsFIS-B and TIS-B

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NextGen: Next Generation Air Transportation System

Key TermsTransforms Americas air traffic control system from an aging, ground-based system to a satellite-based systemThe goals of NextGen are to:Shorten routesSave time and fuelReduce traffic delaysIncrease capacityIncrease safetyWorld peace, free beer

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NextGen: Next Generation Air Transportation System

Key TermsNextGenADS-BNextGen has 5 major elements only one of them is ADS-B

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ADS-B

Key Terms

Automatic Dependent Surveillance BroadcastAutomatic: it works in the backgroundDependent: depends on other aircraft being equippedSurveillance: its a technology to track aircraftBroadcast: each aircraft broadcasts its position and velocity

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ADS-B In and Out

Key TermsNextGenADS-BADS-B Out ADS-B In

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ADS-B In and Out

Key Terms

ADS-B Out: a surveillance technology for tracking aircraftAircraft report position, velocity and altitude once per secondAircraft will be required to equip with ADS-B Out by 1/1/2020 if operating in class A, B, C airspace and above 10,000 ft.

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ADS-B In and Out

Key TermsADS-B In: an aircrafts ability to receive transmissions from ground stations and other aircraftAllows pilots to receive weather and trafficADS-B In equipage is optional

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978 vs. 1090

Key TermsNextGenADS-BADS-B Out ADS-B In978 1090 978 1090

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978 vs. 1090

Key TermsADS-B in the US supports two different datalinks:1090 MHz Extended Squitter (ES)978 MHz Universal Access Transceiver (UAT)

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1090ES

Key Terms1090ES ADS-B OutES is based on 1090 MHz just like Mode A/Cs transpondersMode S transponders can be upgraded to ES transponders by adding a WAAS GPS and upgrading softwareES is the only ADS-B transmitter accepted outside the US and above 18,000 ft.

Must be certified and installed

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978 UAT

Key Terms978 UAT ADS-B OutOnly allowed in the US, and only below 18,000 ft.If you use 978 UAT you still need to carry at least a transponder Must be certified and installed

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1090ES

Key Terms1090ES ADS-B InCan detect other aircraft equipped with 1090ES transmittersReceives other traffic from ground stationsDoes NOT receive weatherCan be portable or installed

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978 UAT

Key Terms978 UAT ADS-B InCan detect other aircraft with 978 MHz transmitters (air-to-air)Receives information about other traffic from ground stations978 receivers are capable of receiving ADS-B weatherCan be installed or portable

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NextGen, ADS-B, In/Out, 978/1090

Key TermsConfused yet?

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NextGen, ADS-B, In/Out, 978/1090

Key Terms

1090ES (Out)Above 18,000 ft.and intlTurboprops and jets1090ES (In)Traffic onlyNo weather978 (Out)Below 18,000 ft. in US onlyGA/piston978 (In)TrafficWeather

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FIS-B

Key TermsFlight Information Services BroadcastText weather (METARs, TAFs, PIREPs)Graphical weather (radar)Airspace status (TFRs, NOTAMs)Constantly broadcast

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TIS-B

Key TermsTraffic Information Services BroadcastA custom traffic report sent only toaircraft equipped with ADS-B OutAircraft with ADS-B In can also see otheraircraft if they are equipped with ADS-BOut (air-to-air traffic)Most airplanes do not have ADS-B OutNot the same as Mode S or TIS traffic

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ADS-B In how does it work?

ADS-B Traffic

ADS-B In how does it work?Weather is broadcast continuously AM radioTraffic is different. Ground stations only broadcast in response to ADS-B Out aircraft text messagingFAA sends a customized traffic product to each Out aircraft30nm in diameter around the Out aircraft and within 3500 ft.If youre close to an ADS-B Out aircraft (in the hockey puck) you could see traffic. But its for the other aircraft.Since most airplanes do not have ADS-B Out, this is rare.

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ADS-B Traffic

ADS-B In how does it work?Except you will always receive air-to-air trafficDoesnt depend on ground stationsSingle band receives only 978 air-to-air; dual band receives both

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ADS-B Traffic


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ADS-B Traffic


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ADS-B Traffic


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ADS-B Traffic

ADS-B In how does it work?Key takeaway:Unless you are squawking ADS-B Out and creating your own customized hockey puck of information, you are not getting an accurate picture of surrounding traffic.

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ADS-B Traffic


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ADS-B weather products

ADS-B In how does it work?Factoid:Four types of ADS-B ground stations, arranged in this pattern.Station TypeWeather Products and RangeSurface

(Only at select airports)500 NM winds and temperature aloft, 100 NM METAR, TAF, SIGMET, NOTAM, 150 NM Regional NEXRADLow altitude

(67% of airborne stations)500 NM winds and temperature aloft250 NM METARs, TAFs, AIRMET, SIGMET, PIREP, SUA150 NM regional NEXRAD100 NM NOTAM (no CONUS NEXRAD)Medium altitude

(22% of airborne stations)Entire CONUS NEXRAD,750 NM winds and temperatures aloft,375 NM METARs, TAFs, AIRMET, SIGMET, PIREP, SUA, 200 NM regional NEXRAD100 NM NOTAMHigh altitude

(11% of airborne stations)Entire CONUS NEXRAD,1000 NM winds and temperature aloft,all 158 CONUS Class B/C airport METAR/TAF500 NM AIRMET, SIGMET, PIREP, SUA250 NM regional NEXRAD100 NM NOTAM

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ADS-B weather timing

ADS-B In how does it work?ProductRange *Transmission IntervalCONUS NEXRAD composite reflectivity (low resolution)Contiguous US15 minutesRegional NEXRAD composite reflectivity (medium resolution)150 to 250 nm 2.5 minutes (5 minute update)AIRMETs / SIGMETs100 to 500 nm5 minutesMETARs100 to 500 nm, all class B and C airports5 minutesNOTAM(D), FDC NOTAM, TFRs100 nm5 minutesPIREPS250 to 500 nm10 minutesSpecial use airspace500 nm10 minutesTAFs100 to 500 nm, all class B and C airports10 minutesWinds and Temps aloft500 to 1000 nm10 minutes

Sportys.com/Stratus

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ADS-B vs. XM Weather

ADS-B In how does it work?DataADS-BXMMETARSSmall airports within 250 500 nm and all class B and C airportsNationwideTAFSWithin 250-500 nmNationwideWinds / Temps AloftWithin 500-1,000 nmNationwidePIREPSWithin 250-500 nmNationwideRadarLow-resolution CONUS (lower 48)Medium-resolution regional within 250 nmHigh-resolution nationwideAIRMETS / SIGMETSWithin 250-500 nmNationwideCoverageUS, Puerto Rico, and GuamUS and CanadaCloud satellite imageNoneYesNOTAMsWithin 100 nmNoneTFRsWithin 100 nmNationwideSpecial use airspace statusWithin 250-500 nmNoneCostFree (your tax dollars at work)$35-$55 monthly subscription fee

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ADS-B vs. XM Weather


XM ADS-B NationalADS-B Regional

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ADS-B coverage at 1500 ft.


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ADS-B coverage at 5000 ft.


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Panel-mount ADS-B

5 things to know before you upgrade

ADS-B In ActionADS-B Out will be required in most airspace where a Mode C transponder is today on 1/1/2020A WAAS GPS must be included in your installADS-B Out compliance must be panel-mount (no portables).ADS-B In equipage is optional.You still need your Mode C transponder if 978.

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What about experimental aircraft?

ADS-B In Action

FAA: Non-TSO ADS-B Out avionics may be installed on amateur-built and light sport aircraft with experimental airworthiness certificates.S-LSA upgrades must be approved by the manufacturer. Harder to do.Glass cockpits are in the same situation part of the TC so its not automatic.Pay attention

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What about portables?

ADS-B In ActionTechnically feasible, but dont count on it. Would be like an IFR approach-approved portable GPS doesnt exist.FAA: Portable ADS-B Out systems, also known as suitcase units, should not be operated (transmitting) aboard any aircraft. While marketing associated with these units may imply approval for use by way of an FCC license, the FAA prohibits their use.http://1.usa.gov/1E0vadh

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Garmin GDL 88

ADS-B In Action978 (UAT) with lots of options:Out/In/BothWith or without GPSWith or without dual antennasWorks with GTN and GNS seriesIntegration with new Connext systemRemote mountedStarting at $3,995 list price

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Garmin GDL 84

ADS-B In Action978 (UAT) Out978 and 1090 InIncludes WAAS GPSIncludes FlightStream to send weatherand traffic to iPad (no panel interface)Remote mountedStarting at $3,995 list price

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Garmin GTX 330ES

ADS-B In Action1090ES Out transponderPanel-mountedNo GPS optionGTX 330 can be upgraded to ES$3,995 list price for GTX 330ES

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FreeFlight

ADS-B In ActionLots of options:RANGR 978 In, Out, In/OutRANGR FDL-1090TXAdd-on GPS optionSTCd on dozens of airplanesRemote mountedStarting at $1,995 list price

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L-3 Lynx

ADS-B In ActionLots of options:NGT-1000 978 Out with GPSNGT-9000 1090 with screenNGT-9000D+ ADS-B and active trafficSTCd on dozens of airplanesRemote mounted (978) or panel mount (1090) optionsFrom $2,000 to $12,000

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Appareo panel-mount

ADS-B In ActionAll-in-one box: 1090ES ADS-B Out and WAAS GPS built-inIntegrates with Stratus portable for enhanced ADS-B InQuick installation 50% less thanremote mount 978$3490 including everythingCertification early 2016

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Lots of options!

ADS-B In ActionQuestions to consider

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Questions to consider

ADS-B In ActionDo you ever fly above 18,000 ft. or outside US? If so, you need a 1090ES transponder.

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ADS-B In ActionHow is your Mode C transponder?If its in bad shape, you probably need a 1090ES transponder get ADS-B Out and a new transponder.

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ADS-B In ActionDo you have a WAAS GPS?If you do, some remote mounted boxes work well. If not, remember to buy a solution that includes it.

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ADS-B In ActionDo you already have ADS-B In (portable)? If so, you may only need to buy ADS-B Out for the panel

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Its all about the install

ADS-B In ActionAsk about total installation cost. This can be a lot depending on the type of box and airplane.978 remote mounted boxes aregenerally less expensive on thehardware, but more expensiveto installLots of installation errors send email to FAA:[email protected]

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When to equip? Now!

ADS-B In ActionBottom line: equipping with ADS-B Out now, instead of waiting, was clearly worth the investment and makes receivers like the Stratus so much more capable when it comes to traffic. - Vertical MagazineDont fix a Mode C transponder replace it!

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Portable ADS-B Receivers

Portables

ADS-B In ActionMany of the benefits of installed ADS-B, for less moneyiPad has been the game changerGreat for renters, clubsPortable devices are ADS-B In onlyLots of options to choose from

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PollWhat iPad app are you flying with?

1) ForeFlight Mobile2) Garmin Pilot3) WingX Pro74) Other

SkyRadar D and DXADS-B weather and GPSDual band trafficOptional AHRSWiFi connectionWorks with WingX, DroidEFB, iFlyRequires external power$699 or $849 (with AHRS)

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iLevil 2 SW and AWADS-B weather and GPSSingle-band trafficBuilt-in AHRSWorks with WingX, FlyQ, XavionInternal battery and solar panel (SW)$1195 for SW$1395 for AW (adds pitot/static)

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Dual XGPS170ADS-B weather and GPSSingle-band trafficBuilt-in batteryWorks with WingX, FlyQ, others$499.99

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Sagetech ClarityADS-B weather and GPSDual band trafficOptional AHRS modelBuilt-in batteryWorks with WingX, FlyQ, Fltplan GoSmall size and light weight$1150 and $1400 (AHRS)

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Garmin GDL 39 and GDL 39 3DADS-B weather and GPSDual band trafficOptional AHRS modelOptional batteryWorks with Garmin Pilot appAlso works with Garmin GPSs$549 to $899 (AHRS with battery)

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Appareo Stratus 1S and 2SADS-B weather and GPSSingle or dual band traffic modelsOptional AHRS modelOptional pressure altitude sensorOptional flight data recorderBuilt-in 8-hour batteryNo wires or antennas (WiFi)Works with ForeFlight app$549 or $899 (dual band + AHRS)

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Choosing a ReceiverForeFlight Mobile Stratus 1S or Stratus 2SGarmin Pilot Garmin GDL 39 or GDL 39 3DWingX Pro 7 SkyRadar, Dual XGPS170, Clarity, iLevilFlyQ Dual XGPS170, Clarity, iLevilFirst choose an app

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Choosing a ReceiverChoose an app first, not the receiver.ADS-B reception is comparable among all (good enough).Consider battery life if you dont want to plug in, its nice to have; if youre going to hardwire its not important.Decide if traffic is an important factor if its low priority (or youre ADS-B Out), single band is fine.Buying tips

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Choosing a ReceiverDo you fly IFR? If yes, the AHRS is a nice backup; if not you can save some money.Consider the hardware/app integration how do features work, how do you complete firmware upgrades?All receivers include a GPS, so you dont need a separate one.Buying tips

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ADS-B In Action

Turn on weather with map layers

ForeFlight and Stratus

Use different chart layers


METARs and TAFs


METARs and TAFs


TFRs


AIRMETs and SIGMETs


Pilot Reports


Winds Aloft


NOTAMs


Traffic tap for more info


Also includes GPS


AHRS split screen attitude


AHRS synthetic vision


Tips for Flying with ADS-B

Tips and TricksTurn ADS-B receiver onGo to Settings app on iPad,connect via WiFi or BluetoothStart the appTurn on weather overlaysConnecting to your iPad

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Tips and TricksTake some time to find the right spot in your airplaneLine of sight for ADS-B (ground based)View of the sky for GPS (satellite based)Keep it steady for AHRS (if applicable)Direct sunlight?Location, location, location!

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Tips and TricksUse external antennas if neededHeated windshields can have an effect experiment (DV window, suction cup)Dont worry about low vs. high towers practically speaking, youll get lotsReception issues

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Tips and TricksMake it a habit to check ADS-B statusBattery lifeAge of weather productsGPS receptionLED dimmingChecking status

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Tips and TricksChecking status with ADS-B Out

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Tips and TricksShow ADS-B ground stations

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Tips and TricksCharging tips

Know your devices battery lifeStratus and Clarity = 8 hoursGarmin, Dual and iLevil = 3-5 hoursMost need 2 amp chargers, like the iPadCharge it when you charge your iPad

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Tips and TricksConnect to multiple devices

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Tips and TricksMeasure tool

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Tips and TricksRubber band flight planning

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Tips and TricksRemember the delay

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Tips and TricksUse your eyeballs!!!

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ipadpilotnews.comAdditional resources

iPad Pilot News

How-to articlesiPad Tips & News iPad Newsletter

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John [email protected]

ADS-B: A Pilots Guide@jtzim

ADS-B Update: equipping for 2020 (August 2015 edition)

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Transcript of ADS-B Update: equipping for 2020 (August 2015 edition)