Adolescent Tobacco Use and Young Adult Outcomes
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Transcript of Adolescent Tobacco Use and Young Adult Outcomes
Adolescent Tobacco Use and Young Adult
OutcomesKathy Georgiades & Michael Boyle
Background
• Rates of adolescent tobacco use are high• Ontario Student Drug Use Survey (1999) Tobacco use: 28%
• Long term implications for development Tobacco Use Poor Physical Health
Tobacco Use Psychosocial Outcomes ?
• Substance use in adolescence has been shown to increase risk for later psychosocial difficulties (e.g., Chassin et al., 1999; Fergusson & Horwood, 1997; Jessor et al. 1980; Kandel et al., 1986; Newcomb & Bentler, 1988)
• Extent to which these associations reflect cause and effect linkages remains controversial
At least two general explanations of the linkages between adolescent substance use and young adult outcomes:
1) Problem Behavior Theory
2) Interference with Adolescent Developing Competencies
Problem Behavior Theory
Problem Behavior Syndrome
Adolescent Substance Use
Adult Outcomes
Developing Competencies
Adolescent Substance
Use
Interference in Development ofCompetencies
Adult Outcomes
ObjectivesTo examine the association between
tobacco use in adolescence and young adult outcomes
To determine whether the association remains significant after controlling for social and psychological factors associated with adolescent tobacco use & young adult outcomes
To determine whether the association is specific to those who endorse use both in adolescence and young adulthood
Method
Ontario Child Health Study• 4-16 yrs in 1983 1987 2000
Sample for the present study: • 12- 16 yrs in 1983 & 1987 Time 1
(T1) • Followed in 2000 Time 2 (T2) • N=1282
VariablesYoung Adult Outcomes Major Depressive Disorder Physical Health Years of Education
Tobacco Use T1 and T2: daily use > 1 month
Co-variates assessed at T1: family SES, single parent home, sex, age, externalizing and internalizing disorders, family dysfunction, & grade failure
Results11% (n=139) of adolescents reported
daily tobacco use at T1 Tobacco use in adolescence was
associated with: family SES parental education externalizing & internalizing disorders family dysfunction grade failure
Unadjusted association between tobacco use in adolescence and
young adult outcomes
Young Adult Outcomes Tobacco Use T1 MDD OR = 2.7 (1.8-4.2)
Physical Health
Years of Education
***p<0.001
3 comparison groups were created in order to examine continuity &
change in tobacco use
1. Use of Tobacco only at T1 (n=53)
2. Use of Tobacco only at T2 (n=218)
3. Use of Tobacco at T1 & T2 (n=86)
Associations between tobacco use in adolescence and major depressive
disorder in adulthood
Predictors Unadjusted OR Adjusted OR+
T1 only 1.0 (0.4-2.7) 0.7 (0.3-2.0)
T2 only 1.4 (0.8-2.2) 1.4 (0.9-2.3)
T1 & T2 4.3 (2.6-7.2) 3.8 (2.1-6.8)
+ Adjusted for T1: family SES, family type, sex, age, externalizing & internalizing symptoms, family dysfunction & grade failure
Associations between tobacco use in adolescence and physical health in
adulthood
Predictors Unadjusted Adjusted +
T1 only -2.6 (1.0)* -2.2 (1.1)*
T2 only -1.4 (0.6)* -1.4 (0.6)*
T1 & T2 -5.1 (0.8)*** -4.8 (0.9)***
+ Adjusted for T1: family SES, family type, sex, age, externalizing & internalizing symptoms, family dysfunction & grade failure
*p<0.05, ***p<0.001
Associations between tobacco use in adolescence and years of education
in adulthood
Predictors Unadjusted Adjusted +
T1 only -2.0 (0.4)*** -1.3 (0.4)***
T2 only -2.2 (0.2)*** -1.7 (0.2)***
T1 & T2 -3.4 (0.3)*** -2.5 (0.3)***
+ Adjusted for T1: family SES, family type, sex, age, externalizing & internalizing symptoms, family dysfunction & grade failure
***p<0.001
Conclusions
Tobacco use in adolescence was associated with clear increases in rates of major depressive disorder, poorer physical health and fewer years of education in young adulthood
Conclusions (con’t)
Statistical adjustment of these risk factors and of continuity of use, substantially reduced the association between tobacco use and major depressive disorder (MDD)
Only those adolescents who reported tobacco use at both time points were at increased risk for MDD
Conclusions (con’t)
Even after adjustment of adolescent risk factors and tobacco use in adulthood, adolescents who smoked were at increased risk for poorer physical health and fewer years of education