Addictions and Addictive Behavior: Threats to Wellness
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Transcript of Addictions and Addictive Behavior: Threats to Wellness
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings
PowerPoint® Lecture SlidePowerPoint® Lecture SlidePresentation prepared byPresentation prepared by
Michael HallMichael Hall
1111Addictions and Addictions and
Addictive Addictive Behavior:Behavior:
Threats to Threats to WellnessWellness
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Objectives
• Define addiction.
• Distinguish addictions from habits, and identify the signs of addiction.
• Discuss the addictive process, the physiology of addiction, and the biopsychosocial model of addiction.
• Describe types of addictions.
• Evaluate treatment and recovery options.
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Defining Addiction
• Addiction – continued involvement with a substance or activity despite ongoing negative consequences
• Physiological addiction
• Psychological addiction
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Habit versus Addiction
• Habit – repeated behavior in which the repetition may be unconscious
• Compulsion – if the habit occurs by compulsion and considerable discomfort is experienced if the behavior is not performed, then the repetition or habit is considered an addiction
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Signs of Addiction
• Four common symptoms:
• Obsession
• Loss of control
• Negative consequences
• Denial
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Addictive Process
• “Nurturing through avoidance”
• The physiology of addiction:
• Neurotransmitters
• Tolerance
• Withdrawal
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 11.1 Cycle of Psychological Addiction
Figure 11.1
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Model of Addiction
• Biopsychosocial model – proposes that addiction is caused by a variety of factors operating together
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Other Thoughts on Addiction
• Biological or disease influences
• Environmental influences
• Social learning theory
• Psychological factors
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 11.2 Risk Factors for Addiction
Figure 11.2.1
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 11.2 Risk Factors for Addiction (continued)
Figure 11.2.2
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 11.2 Risk Factors for Addiction (continued)
Figure 11.2.3
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Types of Addiction
• Process addictions – behaviors known to be addictive because they are mood altering:• Money addictions
• Compulsive gambling
• Compulsive shopping and borrowing
• Work addiction
• Exercise:• Addictive exercisers
• Muscle dysmorphia
• Internet
• Sexual
• Multiple
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 11.3 Signs of Work Addiction
Figure 11.3
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
How Addiction Affects Family and Friends
• Codependence – a person is “addicted to the addict”; they assume responsibility for meeting the addict’s need and neglect their own
• Enablers – people who knowingly or unknowingly protect addicts from the natural consequences of their actions
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Treatment for and Recovery from Addiction
• Intervention – planned process of confrontation by people who are important to the addict; its purpose is to allow the addict to see the destructive nature of the addiction
• Treatment:
• Abstinence – refraining from the addictive behavior
• Detoxification – adjustment physically and congnitively to being free from the influence of addiction
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Choosing a Treatment
• The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) – Project MATCH
• Three strategies for addiction treatment were studied:
• Cognitive-behavioral therapy
• Motivational psychology
• 12-step programs
• Conclusion was that focus for treatment selection should be on choosing a program that was complete
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Relapse
• Isolated or complete return to addictive behavior
• Relapse prevention requires the addict and significant others to recognize the signs of imminent relapse and to develop a plan for responding to the signs
• Relapse is not a failure to change or a lack of desire to stay well