ADAPTIVE LIGHTING CONTROLS PANEL · • Commissioning Training –Before starting installations!...
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ADAPTIVE LIGHTING CONTROLS PANEL: Rick Kauffman, Kauffman Consulting, LLC, Moderator Richard Jones, Ripley Controls, Southcon, Inc. Rod Stummer, Owlet, Schreder Group
Transcript of ADAPTIVE LIGHTING CONTROLS PANEL · • Commissioning Training –Before starting installations!...
ADAPTIVE LIGHTING CONTROLS PANEL:
Rick Kauffman, Kauffman Consulting, LLC, Moderator
Richard Jones, Ripley Controls, Southcon, Inc.
Rod Stummer, Owlet, Schreder Group
TOPICS•Communication standards; Open vs. Proprietary
•Commissioning
•Control System Features
•Reporting/User Interface
Open Communication
Standards
The 7 OSI Layers
The Open Systems Interconnection
(OSI) Model was developed by
International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in the 1980s as
an attempt to make communication
between any two systems possible.
Before this, every equipment
manufacturer implemented its own
set of rules (protocols). Therefore, two
computers made by different
companies could not "understand"
each other.
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Open Systems Interconnection History
• Defined by Hubert Zimmerman in 1978Consistent model of protocol layersDefined interoperability between network devices and software
• Refined and Published by ISO in 1984
• Considered too complicated, inefficient and un-implementable
• Eventually replaced by the Internet’s TCP/IP protocol
OtherApplications
OtherMedia Technologies ZigBee®
Technology
LonWorks™
TechnologyEIA & De facto Standard
US DOT NTCIP 1213 Electrical Lighting & Management Systems
Standard
To Assure Interoperability,‐
All 7 OSI Layers Must Be Supported
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Why ZigBee?• Open Global Standard• Supports Mesh Networks• Low Duty Cycle• Low Latency/Power• Low Cost• Up to 65,000 Nodes Per Network• 128-bit AES Encryption• Interoperability Between Products• Robust and Reliable• Self-healing, Re-routing Network
Why ZigBee?• Industrial Grade Wireless• 16 Communication Channels
• Each with Max. Bandwidth• Auto or Manual Selection• Dynamic Frequency Hopping• Noise Detection
• 250 kbit/second• 50X Faster than Powerline• Open Intl. Standard IEEE 802.15.4
Zigbee Applications
• Demand Response • Advanced Metering Infrastructure • Automatic Meter Reading • Lighting controls • HVAC control • Heating control • Wireless smoke and CO detectors • Home security • Blind, drapery and shade controls • Medical sensing and monitoring • Remote control of home entertainment systems • Indoor location sensing • Advertising on mobile devices
ZigBee 802.11 (Wi‐Fi)
Bluetooth UWB (Ultra Wide Band) Wireless USB IR Wireless
Data Rate 20, 40, and 250 Kbits/s 11 & 54 Mbits/sec 1 Mbits/s 100‐500 Mbits/s 62.5 Kbits/s 20‐40 Kbits/s
115 Kbits/s
4 & 16 Mbits/s
Range 10‐100 meters 50‐100 meters 10 meters <10 meters 10 meters <10 meters (line of
sight)
Networking Topology Ad‐hoc, peer to peer,
star, or meshPoint to hub Ad‐hoc, very small
networksPoint to point Point to point Point to point
Operating Frequency 868 MHz (Europe)
900‐928 MHz (NA), 2.4
GHz (worldwide)
2.4 and 5 GHz 2.4 GHz 3.1‐10.6 GHz 2.4 GHz 800‐900 nm
Complexity (Device and
application impact)Low High High Medium Low Low
Power Consumption (Battery
option and life)Very low (low power is
a design goal)High Medium Low Low Low
Security 128 AES plus
application layer
security
64 and 128 bit
encyption
Other Information Devices can join an
existing network in
under 30ms
Device connection
requires 3‐5 secondsDevice connection
requires up to 10
seconds
Typical Applications Industrial control and
monitoring, sensor
networks, building
automation, home
control and
automation, toys,
games
Wireless LAN
connectivity, broadband
Internet access
Wireless connectivity
between devices such
as phones, PDA,
laptops, headsets
Streaming video, home
entertainment
applications
PC peripheral
connectionsRemote controls, PC,
PDA, phone, laptop
links
Where Does ZigBee Fit?
ZigBee – A Growing Standard!
“Low power wireless sensing and control markets, enabled by ZigBee, are
experiencing exponential growth. Today, ZigBee chipset suppliers
are shipping tens
of millions of units and the market is poised to grow to hundreds of millions of
units within the next few years. Our research with more than 600
companies has
found that the ZigBee market has "crossed the chasm" and is now a mainstream
technology. Despite a challenging economy, 802.15.4/ZigBee unit sales have
increased an average of 62% per year since 2007. Moreover, chipsets using ZigBee
specifications made up 75% of the 802.15.4 shipped units in 2009.”
ON WORLD
Research Group (Published May
‘10)
Rod Stummer
Director of Business Development
OWLET/Schreder Lighting
2105 W. Corporate Drive, Addison, IL 60101
Office: 847‐621‐5100 Cell: 847‐345‐2414
The Considerations for an Open Standard
Zigbee – some background
•Created for applications such as Home Area Networks (HAN) that
are suited for low power consumption and short distances
•In order to meet the needs of a Wide Area Network such as street
lighting, the power has to be greatly increased and the number of
potential nodes increased.
•Most “modified”
Zigbee products will not interact with other
Zigbee products
Zigbee
•Increased Zigbee coverage means increased latency
•Bands: 868 MHz (Europe), 915 MHz (US), 2.4 GHz (International –
Most Common)
•At the PHY layer, a 915 MHz device cannot communicate with a 2.4
GHz device
The “World‐Wide”
2.4 GHz ISM Band
•2.4 GHz Pros– International – Can use in most countries
– Large bandwidth, allows numerous channels
– 100% duty cycle is possible– More compact antenna than 915 MHz
•2.4 GHz Cons– Shorter range (poorer propagation) than 915 MHz band
with same power
– Must share with WiFi, Bluetooth, Cordless Phones,
Wireless Game Pads, Toys, Wireless Audio Devices, PC
Peripherals, and Microwave Ovens
Mesh versus Star Network
•New mesh node must be “built”
from Gateway outward
•New star node can be placed anywhere in cell coverage area•Zigbee distance limited to several hundred feet
•UNB distance several miles
UNB Technology(Ultra Narrow Band)
A proprietary communication system
•Range of 2‐5 miles (Zigbee range measured in feet)
•One Base Station (Gateway, collector) can handle up to 10,000 street lights,
thus minimizing the number of backhauls (minimizing monthly telecom bills)
•Measurements include ambient light levels and temperatures
•Aux controls can include traffic flow and other considerations•Street light controls (endpoints) can be randomly installed throughout the
coverage area, greatly simplifying new system commissioning
•Direct connection between each Base Station and endpoint, reducing system
latency
Commissioning a System•Commissioning Plan
– RF Mapping Plan for Network Planning• Important to plan the optimum number and positions for the Base
Stations (Gateways) to achieve proper radio coverage. Radio
planning tools should be used that make use of geographic terrain
and clutter data and radio propagation models.
• The radio model / map is then used in conjunction with a site
survey with local authorities and contractor staff to confirm Base
Station sites and document installation details.
San Francisco Radio Mapping
San Francisco Radio Mapping
San Francisco Radio Mapping
San Francisco Radio Mapping
San Francisco Radio Mapping
San Francisco Radio Mapping
San Francisco Radio Mapping
San Francisco Radio Mapping
San Francisco Radio Mapping
San Francisco Radio Mapping
San Francisco Radio Mapping
San Francisco Radio Mapping
• Asset list and information
• Commissioning Training – Before starting
installations!
• Dimming profiles for each type fixture (response to
0‐10 v dimming signal is not typically linear)
• Operational Training – make sure user’s
expectations are realistic
• Make it clear that little effort into system = poor
results from system
Commissioning
The endpoints (nodes)of a mesh network mustbe installed starting close to the coordinatorin order to maintain the mesh.
The endpoints of a star network can be installed randomly throughout the coverage area.
Dimming•Different types of dimming controls:
– 0‐10 VDC• Currently most common in the US
• Simple
• Only one way communication–
cannot send information
from the ballast/driver back through the system
– DALI (Dimmable Addressable Lighting Interface)
• Becoming increasingly used in Europe
• Offer two way communication – able to read information
from the ballast/driver back through the system
• DALI was designed for interior lighting…
commands not ideal
for street lighting
Two different fixtures showing their dimming response to a 0-10 volt control
Dimming Profile
Street Light Metering(More questions than answers!)
•Who owns the meter?
•What is the accuracy of the meter and how is proper calibration
maintained?
•Is the utility to have an audit program?
•Who maintains the data and how is security maintained?
•Are the data to be presented to the utility as a list of individual street lights or in the aggregate?
•What accuracy does the industry need? (What accuracy do we
have now? Consider the statistical aggregation compensating for
the individual accuracy variation.)
Factors Affecting Meter Accuracy
• Temperature
• Range (voltage, current, power)• Power Factor• Frequency• Calibration• Cost
Meter Accuracy
Source: Analog Devices, Model: ADE7763
Sensing
• Ambient Temperature
• Ambient Light Levels
• Pedestrian Traffic Volumes
• Vehicle Traffic Volumes
• Ground Faults• Wire Theft
CONTACT INFORMATION:
Richard Jones
Vice President
Ripley Lighting Controls
2023 Platt Springs Rd
West Columbia, SC 29169
803‐939‐4700
User Interfaces
Field LevelRF Communication Interface (IEEE 802.15.4, ZigBee Protocol)Enables the luminaire controller to control the LED driver
Gateway LevelCommunication interface to the management serverManages and stores information from the field controllers
Server LevelScalable database (Microsoft, Oracle, SAP)Webserver applicationProvides a graphical user interface (GUI) reachable with a standard webbrowser (Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, Safari, etc.)
User Interfaces
Graphical User Interface
Used during commissioning to locate luminaire controllers and
gateway routers on mapping software
Mapping Interface
Used to visually monitor operation of field level luminaire
controllers and gateway routers
Mapping Interface
•Malfunctions (Error Reporting)
Broken lamp/ballast, energy‐limits, power factor, lost nodes,
communication loss
Reporting System
Example of Error Reporting Screen
•Malfunctions (Error Reporting)
Broken lamp/ballast, energy‐limits, power factor, lost nodes,
communication loss
•Monitoring (Live View)
Individuals/Groups, Dim‐Levels, Control‐Signals, Run Hours,
Switch On/Off Times, Errors, Energy Consumption, Electrical
Power Usage, Voltage, Current, Power Factor, Controller Failure,
Device Uptime, Temperature, Communication Quality,
Timestamp, Calculated Sun Elevation, Device Information
Reporting System
Example of Monitoring Screen
•Reporting (Energy and Detail Report)Energy Consumption on City, District, Area and Streetlight Level
Table and Chart Views
Streetlight Level: Energy Consumption, Run Hours, Burning
Hours Dimming Profile, On/Off Times, Error List
Reports Viewable On‐Line and Exportable to CSV and PDF
Reporting System
Example of Screen Reports
Energy Report
Error Report
Sample of Admin Screen
Example of Admin Screen
Example of Configuration Screen
SmartPhone, iPAD, Remote Interface
Controls Panel
CONTACT INFORMATION:
Rod Stummer
Director of Business Development
OWLET/Schreder
Lighting
2105 W. Corporate Drive, Addison, IL 60101
Office: 847‐621‐5100 Cell: 847‐345‐2414
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