ACT-R_Nina Wei
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ACT-R Adaptive Control of Thought – Rational
An Integrated Theory of the Mind
By Nina Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Contact me : [email protected]
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What
Where How
ACT-R
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Cognitive Psychology
Brain Imaging
What ?
Cognitive Computing
fMRI Lisp
John Anderson
Models
Declarative
Procedural
Symbolic
Java Python
Memory
Attention Complex Tasks
Executive Control
Education
Neuroscience Language
Decision HCI
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ACT-R is a cognitive architecture: a theory for simulating and understanding human cognition. Researchers working on ACT-R strive to understand how people organize knowledge and produce intelligent behavior. As the research continues, ACT-R evolves ever closer into a system which can perform the full range of human cognitive tasks: capturing in great detail the way we perceive, think about, and act on the world.
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What ?
History
Inspiration
1973-1990
1990-1998
1998-present
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What ?
History
Inspiration
1973-1990
1990-1998
1998-present
Allen Newell
The idea of unified theories
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An ultimate scientific questions: How can the human mind occur in the physical universe ? A presentation on 4 December 1991.
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What ?
History
Inspiration
1973-1990
1990-1998
1998-present
Allen Newell
John R. Anderson Gordon Bower
Early years: HAM and ACT theory 1
The idea of unified theories
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Human Associative Memory --the original declarative memory system --described by Anderson & Bower in 1973
The 1st version of the ACT theory --introducing a computational dichotomy
+ the procedural memory
The ACT* model of human cognition
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What ?
History
Inspiration
1973-1990
1990-1998
1998-present
Allen Newell
John R. Anderson Gordon Bower
Early years: HAM and ACT theory 1
The idea of unified theories Integration with rational analysis
John R. Anderson
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Rational Analysis, a mathematical approach to cognition, whose basic assumption of Rational Analysis is that cognition is optimally adaptive, and precise estimates of cognitive functions mirror statistical properties of the environment.
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Rational Analysis (as a unifying framework)
the ACT theory
ACT-R
+ The importance of the new approach in the shaping of the architecture
ACT-R 4.0 --optional perceptual and motor capabilities --mostly inspired from the EPIC
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What ?
History
Inspiration
1973-1990
1990-1998
1998-present
Allen Newell
John R. Anderson Gordon Bower
Early years: HAM and ACT theory 1
The idea of unified theories Integration with rational analysis
John R. Anderson
CMU Groups
Current developments
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ACT-R 4.0 --optional perceptual and motor capabilities --mostly inspired from the EPIC
ACT-R 5.0 --introducing the concept of modules --specialized sets of procedural and declarative representations that could be mapped to known brain systems --Specialized structures for holding temporarily active information
ACT-R 6.0 --a new version of the code, presented in 2005 --including significant improvements in the ACT-R coding language
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a cognitive architecture
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a programming language
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What ?
Basic Theory
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What ?
Basic Theory
• time to perform the task, • accuracy in the task, and, • (more recently) neurological data such as those
obtained from FMRI. • collect quantitative measures that can be directly
compared with the quantitative measures obtained from human participants.
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Where ?
Models
learning and memory
problem solving & decision making
language & communication
cognitive development individual differences
perception & attention
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Where ?
Applications
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Some of the most successful applications, the Cognitive Tutors for Mathematics, are used in thousands of schools across the country. Such "Cognitive Tutors" are being used as a platform for research on learning and cognitive modeling as part of the Pittsburgh Science of Learning Center.
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How ?
Mechanism
Modules
Buffers
Pattern matcher
Main components
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How ?
Modules
Take care of with the real word The visual and the manual models
Two kinds of memory modules
Perceptual-motor modules
Memory modules
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How ?
Memory Modules
Declarative memory
Procedural memory
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How ?
Memory Modules
Declarative memory: facts
Procedural memory
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Eg. Washington D.C. is the capital of United States.
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How ?
Memory Modules
Declarative memory: facts
Procedural memory: productions
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Eg. How to type the word “COPSY”.
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How ?
Buffers
• ACT-R accesses its modules (except for the procedural-memory module) through buffers.
• For each module, a dedicated buffer serves as the interface with that module.
• The contents of the buffers at a given moment in time represents the state of ACT-R at that moment.
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How ?
Pattern matcher
• The pattern matcher searches for a production that matches the current state of the buffers.
• Only one such production can be executed at a given moment.
• That production, when executed, can modify the buffers and thus change the state of the system.
• Thus, in ACT-R cognition unfolds as a succession of production firings.
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How ?
Pattern matcher
ACT-R is a hybrid cognitive architecture.
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Its symbolic structure is a production system.
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The subsymbolic structure is represented by a set of massively parallel processes that can be summarized by a number of mathematical equations.
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The subsymbolic equations control many of the symbolic processes,whether (or how fast) a fact can be retrieved from declarative memory depends on subsymbolic retrieval equations, which take into account the context and the history of usage of that fact.
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They are also responsible for most learning processes in ACT-R.
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How ?
Detailed Information
"How Can the Human Mind Occur in the Physical Universe" (2007)
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Any question? Thank you.