AcidsLesson 16Titrations

 A standard solution has known molarity.A primary standard is made by weighing a pure solid and diluting in a volumetric flask. A secondary standard requires a titration to calibrate its concentration. It was made using an acid or base with suspect purity.

Not suitable Example ReasonArrhenius bases NaOH HydroscopicStrong acids HCl volatile liquids or gases Suitablesolid bronsted bases Na2CO3 pure solidsolid weak acids H2C2O4 pure solid

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

  H

2 C2 O

4(s)HCl (g)

C6H5

COOH (s)N

a 2C

O3(

s)

H2 SO

4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH 3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

  H

2 C2 O

4(s)HCl (g)

C6H5

COOH (s)N

a 2C

O3(

s)

H2 SO

4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH 3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

  H

2 C2 O

4(s)HCl (g)

C6H5

COOH (s)N

a 2C

O3(

s)

H2SO4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH 3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

  H

2 C2 O

4(s)HCl (g)

C6H5

COOH (s)N

a 2C

O3(

s)

H2SO4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH 3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

 

H2C2O4(s)

HCl (g)

C6H5

COOH (s)N

a 2C

O3(

s)

H2SO4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH 3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

 

H2C2O4(s)

HCl (g)

C6H5

COOH (s)N

a 2C

O3(

s)

H2SO4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH 3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

 

H2C2O4(s)

HCl (g)

C6H5

COOH (s)N

a 2C

O3(

s)

H2SO4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

 

H2C2O4(s)

HCl (g)

C6H5

COOH (s)N

a 2C

O3(

s)

H2SO4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

 

H2C2O4(s)

HCl (g)

C6H5

COOH (s)

Na2CO3(s)

H2SO4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

 

H2C2O4(s)

HCl (g)

C6H5

COOH (s)

Na2CO3(s)

H2SO4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

 

H2C2O4(s)

HCl (g)

C6H5

COOH (s)

Na2CO3(s)

H2SO4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

 

H2C2O4(s)

HCl (g)

C6H5

COOH (s)

Na2CO3(s)

H2SO4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

 

H2C2O4(s)

HCl(g)

C6H5

COOH (s)

Na2CO3(s)

H2SO4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

 

H2C2O4(s)

HCl(g)

C6H5

COOH (s)

Na2CO3(s)

H2SO4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

 

H2C2O4(s)

HCl(g)

C6H5COOH(s)

Na2CO3(s)

H2SO4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

 

H2C2O4(s)

HCl(g)

C6H5COOH(s)

Na2CO3(s)

H2SO4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

 

H2C2O4(s)

HCl(g)

C6H5COOH(s)

Na2CO3(s)

H2SO4(l)

KC6H5COO(s)

NH3(g)

NaOH(s)

Preparing a Primary Standard

1. Calculate the mass of H2C2O4.2H2O require to prepare

100.0 mL of 0.1000 M standard solution.

0.1000 L

Preparing a Primary Standard

1. Calculate the mass of H2C2O4.2H2O require to prepare

100.0 mL of 0.100 M standard solution.

0.1000 L x 0.1000 mole 1 L

Preparing a Primary Standard

1. Calculate the mass of H2C2O4.2H2O require to prepare

100.0 mL of 0.100 M standard solution.

0.1000 L x 0.1000 mole x 126.06 g 1 L 1 mole

Preparing a Primary Standard

1. Calculate the mass of H2C2O4.2H2O require to prepare

100.0 mL of 0.100 M standard solution.

0.1000 L x 0.1000 mole x 126.06 g = 1.261 g1 L 1 mole

Titration Calculation2. 6.50 mL of 0.100 M H2C2O4 is required to neutralize

10.0 mL of NaOH solution in a titration. Calculate the base concentration.

1H2C2O4 + 2NaOH Na2C2O4 + 2H2O

0.00650 L 0.0100 L

0.100 M ? M

[NaOH] = 0.00650 L H2C2O4 x 0.100 mole

1 Lx 2 mole NaOH 1 mole H2C2O4

0.0100 L

= 0.130 M

Finish and hand in your report. Check your sig figs- should be 3. Make sure your work is perfect. Does all of your data have units? Make sure your unknown letter is recorded. Put away 10 pieces of glassware from the side of the room!