Acids Bases & Salts - Hirosh...
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Grade 11 Unit 7 c 777876981 h i r o s h m e n d i s @ g m a i l . c o m
Transcript of Acids Bases & Salts - Hirosh...
Gra
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777876981
h i r o s h m e n d i s @ g m a i l . c o m
Copyright © Science Academy
Boralesgamuwa
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First print 2016
General certificate of ordinary level examination
Science
Chemistry
Grade 11
Units 7
Acids Bases & Salts
Hirosh Mendis
Science Academy 0 7 7 7 8 7 6 9 8 1
h i r o s h m e n d i s @ g m a i l . c o m
Contents
INDICATORS ................................................................................................... 5
pH scale .............................................................................................................. 6
ACIDS ............................................................................................................. 8
STRONG ACIDS ................................................................................................... 8
WEAK ACIDS ...................................................................................................... 9 conc. acids and dil. acids .................................................................................... 9 Organic acids and mineral acids......................................................................... 9
PROPERTIES OF ACIDS ........................................................................................ 10
USES OF SOME ACIDS ......................................................................................... 12 Hydrochloric acid ........................................................................................ 12 Sulphuric acid .............................................................................................. 12 Acetic acid ................................................................................................... 12
BASES ........................................................................................................... 13
STRONG BASES ................................................................................................. 13
WEAK BASES .................................................................................................... 13
PROPERTIES OF BASES ........................................................................................ 14
USES OF SOME BASES ......................................................................................... 15 Sodium hydroxide ....................................................................................... 15 Magnesium hydroxide ................................................................................ 15 Sodium hydrogen carbonate ....................................................................... 15 Calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate ............................... 16
NEUTRALIZATION .............................................................................................. 16 Applications of neutralization .......................................................................... 17
SALTS ........................................................................................................... 18
USES OF SOME SALTS ......................................................................................... 19 Sodium chloride .......................................................................................... 19 Copper sulphate .......................................................................................... 19
U n i t s 7 A c i d s B a s es & S a l ts
Hirosh Mendis (B. Sc.) For a different future
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Indicator Acid colour Base colour
Litmus red blue
Phenolphthalein colorless pink
Methyl Orange red yellow
Thymol Blue - 1st change red yellow
Thymol Blue - 2nd change yellow blue
Bromocresol Green yellow blue
Methyl Red yellow red
Bromothymol Blue yellow blue
Phenol Red yellow red
U n i t s 7 A c i d s B a s es & S a l ts
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pH scale
pH = − log[H+]
U n i t s 7 A c i d s B a s es & S a l ts
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U n i t s 7 A c i d s B a s es & S a l ts
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→
→
→
→
Strong acids
U n i t s 7 A c i d s B a s es & S a l ts
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Weak acids
conc. acids and dil. acids
Organic acids and mineral acids
Name Formula Status Where found or used
Formic acid
(methanoic
acid)
HCOOH weak in ants, used in kettle
descaler
weak vinegar
weak milk
weak citrus fruits
U n i t s 7 A c i d s B a s es & S a l ts
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Name Formula Status Where found or used
Carbonic acid H2CO3 weak in fizzy soft drink
Hydrochloric
acid
HCl strong used in cleaning metal
surfaces
Nitric acid HNO3 strong making fertilizers and
explosives
Sulphuric acid H2SO4 strong car batteries, making
fertilizers, paints,
detergents.
Phosphoric acid H3PO4 weak anti-rust paint, making
fertilizers
Boric acid H3BO3 weak antiseptic, insecticide
Properties of Acids
U n i t s 7 A c i d s B a s es & S a l ts
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U n i t s 7 A c i d s B a s es & S a l ts
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Uses of some acids
Hydroch lor ic ac id
S u lphur ic ac id
A cet ic ac id
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Strong bases
Weak bases
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Properties of bases
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Uses of some bases
S od ium hydrox ide
Magnes ium hydrox ide
S od ium hydrogen carbonate
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Ca lc ium ox ide , ca lc ium h yd rox ide , ca lc ium carbonate
Neutralization
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Applications of neutralization
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Uses of some salts
S od ium ch lor ide
Copper s u lphate
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U n i t s 7 A c i d s B a s es & S a l ts
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U n i t s 7 A c i d s B a s es & S a l ts
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U n i t s 7 A c i d s B a s es & S a l ts
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U n i t s 7 A c i d s B a s es & S a l ts
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The Open University of Sri Lanka
