Acids Bases and Salts
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Transcript of Acids Bases and Salts
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Brainpop~Acids and Bases
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Acid:
A substance that releases H+ ions in an aqueous solution
“aqueous” means: water
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Characteristics of Acids:
Acids have a sour taste Acids react with metals
Acids contain Hydrogen
Many are poisonous and corrosive to skin
H
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Strong Acids(break down completely to give off many H+ ions)
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Weak Acids(only partially breaks down, gives less H+)
Mark Bishop Acid animation
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Common Acids:
All others considered Weak (examples)
Strong Acids The Formula
Sulphuric acidHydrochloric acidHybrobromic acidHydroiodic acidNitric acidPerchloric acid
H2SO4
HClHBrHIHNO3
HClO4
Acetic acid (vinegar) HC2H3O2
Carbonic acid HCO3
Weak Acid The Formula
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Base:
A substance that releases OH- ions in an aqueous solution
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Characteristics of Bases:
Bases usually taste bitter Bases feel slippery Bases contain hydroxide ions STRONG bases are also poisonous and corrosive to skin
OH-
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Strong Bases The Formulae
Lithium hydroxideSodium hydroxidePotassium hydroxideRubidium hydroxideCaesium hydroxideBarium hydroxideCalcium hydroxideStrontium hydroxide
LiOHNaOHKOHRbOHCsOHBa(OH)2
Ca(OH)2
Sr(OH)2
Common Bases:
(Hydroxides of Group 1 and Group 2 Metals are STRONG)
All others are WEAK
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Some bases (VERY FEW) don’t have OH-
Most commonly: ammonia NH3
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Reactions between acids and bases
When and acid and a base react with each other, the characteristic properties of both are destroyed. This is called neutralization.
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Reactions between acids and bases
General formula for acid base reaction:
Acid + Base → H2O +Salt
“Salt” means any ionic compound formed from an acid/base reaction
NOT JUST NaCl !!
Neutralization Reaction Animation
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Neutralization
HCl + NaOH → H2O + NaCl acid base water salt
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NeutralizationAnother Example
HNO3 + KOH → H2O + KNO3
H OHKNO3
acid base water salt
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IndicatorsAn indicator is a compound that will change color in the presence of an acid or base
Universal indicator (pH paper) Used for the full pH range
Red Litmus-Turns blue in baseBlue Litmus-Turns red in acid
Phenolphthalein-Turns pink in base
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pHpH stands for “potential hydrogen” and is a measure of how many H+ ions there are in solution.
The MORE H+ there are, the LOWER the pH will be.
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pH ScaleShows the range of H+
concentrations
High H+ concentration Low H+ concentration