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Introduction to Acids & Bases

EQ: What are the properties of acids and bases?

Acids

Conduct electricity= Electrolytes

Taste Sour

Turn Litmus paper red

React with metals to form H2 gas (corrosive)

Polar Covalent Compounds Ex: H2S, CH3OH

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Bases

Conduct electricity= electrolyte

Taste bitter

Turn litmus paper blue (Blue = Base)

Slippery feel because they eat away skin = Caustic

Mostly ionic Ex: KOH

Acids and Bases Neutralize eachother

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRLbqE1N14E

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B. pH Scale

Acids

(pH below 7)

Bases

(pH above 7)

Neutral

pH=7

C. Acid/Base Vocabulary

1. Amphoteric: substances that can act as both an Acid and a Base

2. Monoprotic: an acid with only one H+

3. Polyprotic: an acid with more than one H+

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C. Acid/Base Vocabulary

Monoprotic or Polyprotic???

H3PO4 ____________________

H2S ______________________

HF ______________________

Polyprotic- Triprotic

Polyprotic- Diprotic

Monoprotic

D. Strong Acids and Bases

100% ionized in water strong electrolyte

- +

Strong Acids: HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, HBr, HI, HClO4

Strong Bases:

NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2

* OH’s of Group 1A and 2A (CBS only)

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E. Weak Acids and Bases

do not ionize completely weak electrolyte

- +

HF

CH3COOH

H3PO4

H2CO3

HCN

Ammonia: NH3