Unit 6: Acids, Bases & the pH Scale
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Transcript of Unit 6: Acids, Bases & the pH Scale
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Unit 6: Acids, Bases & the pH Scale
A World of Liquids With Interesting Properties!
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What is an Acid?• A substance that has an increased
number of dissolved Hydronium ions, (H3O+)
• When a Hydrogen ion (H+) bonds with a water molecule (H2O)
• Hydronium is simply a water molecule with an extra hydrogen atom making it an ion+
• Acid comes from a Latin term acere, which means “sour”
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What are the Properties of Acids?
• Sour taste• React with metals
to produce hydrogen gas
• Change color of an indicator
• Change blue litmus paper to red
• Conduct electricity
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What is a Base?
• A substance that has an increased number of dissolved Hydroxide ions (OH-)
• A substance that has less than 49% of Hydronium dissolved in it
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What are the Properties of a Base?
• Bitter taste • Slippery feel to them• Does NOT react
with metals• Change color of an
indicator• Change red litmus
paper blue• Conducts electricity
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What is a Strong Acid?
• A substance that has ALL of the Hydronium ions dissolved in water
• Note - – Strong acids don’t
always mean the most corrosive
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What is a Weak Acid?
• A substance that only has a few molecules of Hydronium dissolved in water
• Note - – Can be very corrosive,
but not always
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What is a Strong Base?
• A substance that has ALL of the Hydroxide ions dissolved in water
• Used mostly as household cleaners
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What is a Weak Base?
• A substance that only has a few molecules of Hydroxide dissolved in water
• Most common in detergents/soaps.
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What is a Neutralization Reaction?
• When the H+ ions of an acid react with the OH- ions of a base to form water, which is neutral
• 2 substances form from this reaction– Salt and Water
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What is the pH scale?• A scale showing the
concentration of Hydronium ions dissolved in water.
• Each number represents a power of 10
• pH2 is 100 times more acidic than pH4
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What are pH Indicators?
• A substance that changes color in the presences of either an acid or a base.
• Examples– pH paper– Litmus papers– Bromthymol blue
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What are Salts?
• Not necessarily table salt
• An ionic compound formed from the neutralization of an acid and a base
• Used for many products in society