ace energy

Managing city waste Managing city waste to create energy to create energy

and renewaland renewal

renewal

1. about ace energy1. about ace energy• What we do• Who we are• How we help cities

2. the world of waste2. the world of waste• Modern society and waste• Industrialization• Urbanization• Economic development

3. waste, pollution 3. waste, pollution and public healthand public health

• Waste and air pollution• Water and soil pollution

4. waste and cities4. waste and cities• Hidden in plain sight• Social and opportunity costs• Closing the loop

contentscontents

5. ace and waste-fired 5. ace and waste-fired power plantspower plants

• WFPP technology and sustainability• Energy production and greater

self-sufficiency• Waste stream management• WFPP and waste volumes

6. ace and city 6. ace and city partnershippartnership

• Strategic partnership• Public-private• Commercial foundation• Let’s start

7. benefits suMMary7. benefits suMMary ace and city renewalace and city renewal

• Environmental benefits• Economic benefits• Social benefits• Global benefits

8. contact inforMation8. contact inforMation

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Renewal,Renewal,the filmthe film

YoU Can rEad aboUt CItY rEnEWaL In tHIS broCHUrE. YoU Can aLSo oPEn YoUrSELF to a MULtI-SEnSorY ExPErIEnCE. SEE, HEar and FEEL WHat CItY rEnEWaL MEanS.It takES no MorE tHan a FEW MInUtES to vIEW tHE FILM.WE tHInk YoU’LL FInd It tIME WELL SPEnt.rEnEWaL - SEE, HEar and FEEL It.

InSIdE tHIS PoCkEt IS a dvd.

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SEE, HEar, FEELWatCH tHE FILM

aboutaboutthe film:the film:see, heaR, see, heaR, feelfeelThis film is about the challenges mankind is facing with the onset of global warming and population growth.

About the big environmental impacts these issues have on cities around the world.

About the added problems of waste and waste disposal confronting cities.

About the urban renewal solutions offered to cities by ACE Energy.

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see, hear, feel

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see, hear, feel

about ace energy

Section 1

aboUt aboUt aCE aCE EnErGYEnErGY

what what we dowe doace energy takes care of urban environments by managing their waste streams to create energy and renewal.

we do this by providing city and municipal governments with:

Waste-to-Energy Technology Waste-to-Energy Technology

we build and operate the world’s most advanced, cleanest, waste-fired powered plants (wfPP) that convert household and industrial waste into a city’s electricity and heat, as well as other useful recycled by-products

Waste Stream Management Waste Stream Management ServicesServices

we develop, organize and manage the total waste stream infrastructure needed to collect, trans-port, separate and process a city’s household and industrial waste

Urban RenewalUrban Renewal

we help revitalize a city’s urban cityscape, economy, quality of life and (brand) image and contribute to its long-term sustainability as a direct result of all our activities

The central ‘hub’ of our waste stream management system is the waste-fired power plant (wfPP). it is built to the world’s most advanced design and technology and processes 99 percent of all municipal solid waste (msw) with near-zero co2 emissions (a neutral co2 balance). it converts waste to electricity and heat powering a city’s domestic, commercial and industrial energy requirements. additional valuable by-products can be re-used in the manufacturing and construction sectors.

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‘ WE dEvELoP, orGanIzE and ManaGE tHE totaL WaStE StrEaM InFraStrUCtUrE’

who who we aRewe aReace energy is founded and managed by erwin mulder and by several other entities, among them constantius The hague. it operates with a consor-tium of investment companies and larger institutional investors who have agreed to utilize their resources, assets, expertise, knowledge and skills in the areas of project funding and development in order to initiate ace’s ambition to develop and allocate the appropriate technology, construction and services in the field of solid waste processing and management. The companies invited to provide their services to the consortium are:

Constantius The HagueConstantius The Hague

constantius is the consortium’s partner and consultant responsible for coordinating the development of the wfPP business concept and presentation. The company takes charge of wfPP development, client relations, international market-ing, commercial negotiations and project mobiliza-tion under the personal supervision of its chairman, erwin mulder (also a board member of odell international). constantius has experience in various developments in europe and across asia.

Royal HaskoningRoyal Haskoning

Royal haskoning’s headquarters are located innijmegen, The netherlands with 60 offices in20 countries. established in 1881 the companycurrently consists of 4,400 staff. its core areas ofexpertise are design, architecture, construction and engineering which have been applied to manyoverseas projects ranging from infrastructure, ports, terminals, roads, railways, urban development, energy and water management. Royal haskoning has been involved in waste incineration develop-ment since 1919. The nijmegen and Rotterdam offices are specifically involved with coordinating and facilitating the ace energy initiative.

Odell International LLC Odell International LLC

odell international is based in huntersville, north carolina, usa. The company is a recognized leader in the field of providing program manage-ment services in the functional disciplines necessary for project success. odell provides management, technical, and advisory services to design, engineer, develop, and operate major institutional systems and projects on a global basis.

AEB (Afval Energie Bedrijf ), AEB (Afval Energie Bedrijf ), AmsterdamAmsterdam

aeb is the city of amsterdam’s waste-to-energy company which helped develop and now utilizes the world’s most advanced waste-fired power plant. aeb has offered constantius to provide ace energy with technical advice, guidance and support in all matters relating to wfPP.

City of RotterdamCity of Rotterdam

The city of Rotterdam is a pioneer in waste incinera-tion technology. The city, its development company or economic agency, have indicated their intention to be involved in providing services and expertise in waste management as a specialist on urban areas and bilateral cooperation. in addition, ace energy benefits from access to the knowledge-base of the Rotterdam climate initiative; the initiative aims to cut the city’s co2 emissions by half over a period of 35 year period while promoting sustainable energy production and consumption.

Section 1

about ace energy

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how we how we helP citieshelP citiesour mission is to help cities around the world renew their urban environments in a sustainable way. in practical terms this means we help them to:

• clean up their city by managing the entire waste stream

• become more energy self-sufficient by recyling municipal solid waste (msw) as fuel to produce electricity and heat

• regenerate additional recycled products (such as bottom ash) which can be used in the construc-tion and manufacturing sectors

urban renewal for a city is not an idle dream or a flight of fancy, because it starts with what a city already has plenty of: waste. and what ace energy has: the technology for a sustainable solu-tion in dealing with municipal waste. The cycle of renewal begins with the collection and transporta-tion of the msw to the ace energy waste-fired power plant and then transforming it into energy and other products.

our total waste stream management system sets in motion a process of renewal, whether it be finding new uses for municipal waste or renewing the city environs and image through the act of cleaning up the city.

and by making sure we use the most advanced waste-fired power technology, we can help cities to help themselves: lessening their dependence on expensive fossil fuels, reducing pollution, and producing their own electricity and heat.

Mother earth and global warMing

our planet has been likened to Gaia, the mytho-logical goddess of the earth whose ancient name has been used to describe the planet as a single,self-regulating system where all species are dependent on each other for survival. Gaia is perhaps better known as Mother Earth, and for millenia she has taken care of mankind by giving us a home. but in the last 300 years or so man’s urge to produce and consume, causing pollution,has upset the balance of nature and severely damaged the planet’s biosphere. In particular, global warming as a result of industrialization and greenhouse gases now poses a dire threat to the existence of mankind and other living species – even to Mother Earth herself. Fortunately, there is a growing, world-wide awareness of ecological problems that is being accompanied by concerted action on the part of governments, industry, nGos and ordinary people. there is still much more that should be done, of course, but every effort – no matter how small – to contain the problem of global warming is a step in the right direction. aCE Energy is making its own contribution. We are providing waste stream solutions for cities that help reduce pollution by recycling waste into energy and other useful by-products. In this way, we like to think that we are giving Mother Earth a helping hand, as best we can.

about ace energy

Section 1

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mankind has always generated waste, the ‘stuff’ that’s considered no longer useful and which people throw away. Throughout history it’s been an inevitable consequence of human consumption and production. and by whatever name we choose to call it – ‘trash’, ‘rubbish’, ‘litter’, ‘garbage’, ‘ junk’, ‘stuff’ – we can’t avoid it.

archeologists are frequently un-earthing evidence of waste left over by ancient civilizations. examining the detritus of the past allows them to form a picture of how a civilization lived and what it lived on. since by and large these pre-industrial societies used natural materials and resources, they tended to live in harmony with mother earth. but back then, only a tiny fraction of people inhabited the world compared to today’s global population of 6.2 billion.

world of waste

Section 2

tHE WorLd tHE WorLd oF WaStEoF WaStE

dioxin unit emissions

Municipal waste per personlatest year available, in Kg

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

oeCd average

South africa

brazil

China

india

CoMpariSon of dioxin unit eMiSSionS: eu, China, wfpp

MuniCipal waSte per perSonlateSt year available, in Kg/year

prChina norm

eu norm

wfpp* unit scale = ngtEQm3

*

SoUrCE: oECd

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Section 2

world of waste

today, solid waste produced every day in urban areas poses a major problem for modern societies, mostly arising from the hazards it poses to the environment and public health. one contributor to the scale of the waste problem is global population growth and the simple equation that more people generate more solid waste. other contributors are industrialization, urbanization and economic growth.

industrial development has brought many benefits. but it has also upset the fragile balance between mankind and mother earth. we all know about climate change and global warming, but there is relatively little public awareness about waste’s contribution to endangering the environment.

household and industrial waste contains products made by industry: plastic, pesticides, solvents and chemicals (to name only a few) which make waste a potentially dangerous pollutant of eco-systems if it isn’t treated or disposed of properly. waste releases harmful and health-threatening chemicals and pathogens that contaminate soil and water used by communities.

it emits noxious gases into the atmosphere. methane caused by rotting waste contributes to 4 percent of the world’s total greenhouse gas emissions, adding to global warming. when waste is burnt on open waste dumps, carbon dioxide, heavy metals, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and other harmful substances are also released into the atmosphere.

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industRializationindustRialization

modeRn society modeRn society and wasteand waste

photo MICHaEL LIGHt

The waste problem is a measure of economic development. The amount of waste a community generates grows along with its economy, driven by increasing consumption. americans produce on a per capita basis an average of 700kg per year of municipal waste; europeans an average of 550kg; and the Japanese about 410kg.

in developing countries the per capita waste output is smaller by as much as one quarter of a european citizen’s output, but it is forecast to grow. by 2030 the average citizen in india will generate twice the amount of their current per capita waste output while a chinese citizen will produce three times the waste they do today.

economic economic develoPmentdeveloPment

uRbanizationuRbanizationThen there’s the rapid urbanization of societies with ever-larger concentrations of people in towns and cities generating increasing amounts of household and industrial waste. cities take up only 2 percent of the planet’s land mass and yet in 2008 half of the world’s population was crowded into them.

since cities occupy a mere 2 percent of the land-mass, their carbon footprint is out of all proportion to the rest of the world. collectively, cities use more than two-thirds of the world’s energy and emit two-thirds of its greenhouse gases (one of which is methane from municipal waste).

The trend to urbanization is accelerating. by 2030 it’s expected that 4.9 billion people – 60 percent of the world’s total – will be urban-dwellers. in 2050 over two-thirds of the planet’s inhabitants will be concentrated into cities generating millions more tons of solid waste every year.

The growing per capita output of waste in the devel-oping world will be aggravated by the shift from rural to urban living. by 2030 half of the world’s population will live in the cities of developing coun-tries. The emergence of ‘mega-cities’ (10 million inhabitants or more) in the developing countries of asia and africa together with economic growth are an enormous challenge for municipal governments.

With its waste stream management systems and state-of-the-art waste-fired technology, aCE Energy alleviates the mounting pressures on city governments to provide efficient public waste disposal services.

world of waste

Section 2

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waSte in anCient CivilizationS

the waste left behind by pre-industrial civiliza-tions reveals a lot about them. Even though their populations were small by today’s standards, evidence suggests they generated quite a lot of waste themselves. along the Potomac river in the USa, a pre-Columbian rubbish tip of oyster shells covers 12 hectares with a depth of three meters. during the excavations of the ancient city of troy, archeologists found that its street level rose almost 1.5 meters each century due to accumu-lated rubbish. their waste, though, was largely a by-product of non-hazardous natural materials, quite unlike the plastic, lead, mercury, pesti-cides, solvents and chemicals found in today’s municipal solid waste.

uRbanizationuRbanization

92%8%

8%

18%74%

22%

58%

20%54%

41%

5 32%

65%

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‘ tHE aMoUnt oF WaStE a CoMMUnItY GEnEratES GroWS aLonG WItH ItS EConoMY’

world of waste

Section 2

MuniCipal waSte ManageMent, SeleCted eu CountrieS

landfill

inCineration

reCyCled/CoMpoSted/other

Greece

Germany nether- landsdenmark

Britain

SoUrCE: InStItUtE For PUbLIC PoLICY rESEarCH

Section 3

waste, Pollution and Public health

WaStE, WaStE, PoLLUtIon PoLLUtIon and PUbLIC and PUbLIC HEaLtHHEaLtH

out out of sight, of sight, out of out of mindmind

waste is an ugly eyesore. People, understandably, don’t want to see waste and would prefer to forget about it.

This “out of sight, out of mind” attitude has resulted in using two traditional age-old methods to get rid of waste: burying or burning it. although increas-ingly uneconomical, these methods are still the most widely used around the world. only relatively recently has recycling become a third alternative.

but unless handled and processed properly by pro-fessionals, municipal solid waste (msw), medical

waste and industrial waste create critical pollution problems for urban communities.

The problems of pollution caused by burying or burning waste are particularly acute in the towns and cities of most developing countries, princi-pally because environmental controls are either not well-established or enforced, while waste stream management services could be improved. in devel-oped countries, burying and burning are subject to tighter environmental standards but pollution still occurs.

massive open garbage dump sites, insanitary landfills and unregulated or poor incineration are frequently to blame for the pollution of water, soil and the atmosphere.

With the major technological advances made in waste-fired power plant (WFPP) design, landfill sites don’t make much economic sense (quite apart from the risks they pose to the environment). they use up valuable land which can be put to more productive use, especially to accommodate expanding urban populations. they pollute, which entails costly clean-up. aCE Energy’s WFPP can process 99 percent of a city’s waste, helping a city to reduce its dependence on landfill while freeing up a scarce resource.

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burning waste in traditional incinerators discharges carbon dioxide. it also pollutes the air with smoke which contains toxic substances such as nitrogen and sulphur, both major causes of acid rain. The smoke from fires on the vast ‘open’ dumpsites found in many of asia’s mega cities increases the likelihood that people living nearby will suffer from asthma and other lung ailments. when organic waste is burned it emits dioxins and furan. These are dangerous carcinogens that can attack people’s nervous and immune systems. soot particles that can potentially damage the human respiratory system and cause lung infections are emitted from burning waste as well.

a different type of air pollution comes from methane. landfills are the third largest man-made emission source, accounting for about 13% of meth-ane emissions, equivalent to over 818 million tons of carbon dioxide. expelled from decaying food in open dumps and landfills, methane adds 4 percent to the total of global greenhouse gas emissions. moreover, it is 20 times more potent than carbon dioxide, adding to the problem of global warming and polluting the local air quality of a city environ-ment. despite efforts in some developed countries to capture and use it as energy, methane emissions are expected to increase substantially because of urban population growth and bigger landfills in developing countries.

air quality – ideally, ‘fresh air’ – is a key indica-tor of a city’s green credentials. but traditional incinerators reduce air quality. besides which, they do not get rid of all the waste: approximately 30 percent of the original mass remains, and has to be transferred to landfill.

Section 3


waste waste and aiR and aiR PollutionPollution

the aCE Energy WFPP helps cities reduce air pollution since it doesn’t use standard incine-ration methods. although it ‘burns’ waste, it does so using the latest carbon-reduction technology. With near-zero Co2 emissions (a neutral Co2 balance) our WFPP technology is substantially cleaner and far less hazardous to the environment than the conventional incinerators being used today. replacing existing MSW incinerators with aCE Energy waste-to-energy technology can help a city to improve its air quality and public health significantly.

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‘ WatEr IS baSIC to SUrvIvaL bUt GEtS PoLLUtEd bY toxIC WaStE’

water is basic to survival but gets polluted by waste. a human being requires about 20 litres of freshwater a day just for drinking and cooking quite apart from another 100 litres or more for domestic use. yet fresh water is becoming scarce.

growing urban populations and increasing living standards that result in higher levels of consump-tion are putting natural water sources under pres-sure, a problem compounded by inadequate or poor solid waste management.

groundwater (located underneath the ground’s sur-face) is the principal source of freshwater for 97 per-cent of the global population’s needs. unfortunately this precious resource is increasingly contaminated by municipal waste dumps and badly-managed and maintained landfills which allow toxins and pathogens to leach into the groundwater and other water supplies.

Rotting waste produces acids such as ammo-nia which, when concentrated, poisons fish and amphibians. The problem is exacerbated on a larger scale by industrial wastewater and solid waste that leaks into natural aquifiers or spills into surface water such as rivers, streams, canals and waterways.

The net result is pollution of drinking water and the gradual degradation – sometimes threatening the extinction – of freshwater aquatic life.

as with water pollution, many insanitary landfills and dump sites seep large volumes of corrosive liquids known as leachate into the soil. These eventually enter into and move up the food chain damaging the health of vegetation, plants, insects, animals, and ultimately, humans. substantial dam-age can occur to a country’s agricultural industry.

it is not commonly known that uncontrolled landfill waste is also harmful to oceans and seas. it’s been estimated that 80 percent of oceanic flotsam is from rubbish blown seaward from landfills or washed seaward by storm drains, causing toxic chemicals to enter the marine food chain. Plastics are especially lethal and kill fish and seabirds.

The ‘hub’ of ace energy’s waste stream man-agement system is wfPP, not landfill, precisely because of the soil pollution and public health problems such sites create (and the valuable space they use). but as part of our commitment to a city’s renewal and waste stream management, ace energy will clean-up and sanitize a city’s existing municipal landfill areas to minimize further soil pollution. furthermore, we will recycle this ‘legacy’ waste from old or existing landfills to generate energy and other useful by-products

europe’S replaCeMent of landfill with waSte-to-energy

In many European countries the use of landfill sites for burying MSW is now considered unde-sirable and is increasingly discouraged by the European Union (EU) as a matter of policy and regulation. Consequently the volume of MSW that was landfilled in the EU’s 25 countries declined from 64 percent in 1995 to 49 percent in 2003. this reduced reliance on landfill to dispose of MSW has been facilitated by the growing sophistication and use of waste-to-energy (WtE) technology. WtE is strongly preferred to landfill because it doesn’t consume valuable land, poses far fewer pollution risks and makes excellent use of MSW by recycling it to other products, including electricity. the amount of MSW being incinerated increases on average by 10 million tons per year.

wateR wateR and soil and soil PollutionPollution

Section 3


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WaStE WaStE and and CItIESCItIES

waste that isn’t collected and processed scars the urban landscape, conveying an image of decay, poverty and neglect. it creates an impression of inefficient or uncaring municipal governance, whether true or not. lack of money, competing budget priorities or simply insufficient interest and commitment (sometimes all three factors) are often the reasons for inadequate municipal waste management.

whatever the reason, uncollected msw brings with it a social cost by making a city a less attractive place in which to live and work, raising the question of whether the urban environment provides a decent and healthy quality of life for city residents.

This reputational damage has negative conse-quences for a city’s local economy. it can deter potential investors, commerce, people and new skills from relocating to a city when its waste problem makes it unattractive. so a waste problem creating a poor image and negative reputation is not just a social cost for a city but also results in opportunity costs.

both are costs that big cities can ill-afford in the 21st century global economy where they find themselves competing for financial, intellectual and social capital which increasingly prefer to operate within ‘green’ and clean environments.

social and social and oPPoRtunity oPPoRtunity costscosts

hidden hidden in Plain in Plain sightsight

in developing countries, cities with populations of over 10 million people (the ‘mega-cities’) generate huge amounts of solid waste, often in the range of 5,000 to 6,500 metric tons per day. Roughly 30 to 70 percent is actually collected and deposited at municipal waste dumps, landfills or sent for incineration.

The rest is ‘hidden’ in plain sight: scattered and left to litter either the streets, pathways, public places, open spaces, building sites, sewage systems and city waterways. it can become so much a part of the cityscape that some residents either don’t ‘see’ the waste anymore or they cease to care, adopting behaviours such as littering or illegal dumping which simply makes the local garbage problem worse. fortunately, some of the waste littering public places is carted away by rag-pickers who salvage, sort and sell it on for recycling.

Section 4

waste and cities

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‘tHE WaStE ProbLEM IS a MEaSUrE oF EConoMIC

dEvELoPMEnt. tHE aMoUnt oF WaStE a CoMMUnItY

GEnEratES GroWS aLonG WItH ItS EConoMY, drIvEn bY

InCrEaSInG ConSUMPtIon’

closing closing the looPthe looP

one way for a city to reduce the environmen-tal, social and opportunity costs arising from msw is to adopt a closed loop approach to waste management.

closing the loop means a city moves away from a linear process where waste ends up in landfills and garbage dumps (or is simply not collected at all), towards a waste stream management system that recycles msw into products that have economic value, using technology and processes which have minimal or no impact on the environment.

closed loop waste stream management brings many sustainability benefits to a city because it’s a process that:

• reduces or eliminates dependence on the tradi-tional burning and burying methods used for getting rid of waste

• reduces water, soil and atmospheric pollution• reduces exposure of city residents to toxic hazards

and supports better public health • releases land occupied by landfill and garbage

dumps for other productive uses• recycles waste into products that have new uses

and economic or social value• can use waste to make electricity and heat,

enabling a city to become more self-sufficient as a producer and user of its own energy

closed loop waste management applied to munici-palities extends from cleaning up the urban envi-ronment through waste collection to distribution of the ‘new’ recycled products. a closed loop system requires behavioural changes on the part of citizens as well, who need to be encouraged to adopt the attitudes and habits of ‘reduce, reuse and recycle’ in the way they deal with their own waste.

The ideal closed loop process means zero municipal waste and impressive, super-clean, hygienic cities.

in practice it would take considerable commit-ment, effort, time and organisation. but for cities led by visionary, committed and eco-friendly municipal governments, closed loop waste stream management should be an aspiration to strive for that brings significant environmental, social and economic benefits.

in the usa, california has already declared its aim of becoming a ‘zero waste’ state which goes hand-in-hand with the closed loop concept. its cities feature prominently in this ambition.

aCE Energy helps cities move toward a closer realization of a sustainable closed loop waste stream management system. aCE will take front-end responsibility for collecting, transporting and sorting all municipal waste with back-end processing and recycling via the WFPP to produce electricity, heat and other products for the city’s use. In using its own municipal solid waste to create energy, a city becomes more self-sufficient by utilizing a ‘resource’ that it already produces in abundance, i.e. waste. thus by putting into practice closed loop waste stream manage-ment, a city reduces its dependence on increas-ingly expensive and highly-polluting fossil fuels, enabling it to follow its own path toward genuine economic and environmental sustainability.

Section 4

waste and cities

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Section 5

ace and waste-fired Power Plants

ace energy’s wfPP derives from the advanced fourth generation design and technology used today by aeb in the city of amsterdam

The fourth generation design became operational in 2008. it is acknowledged by industry experts to be one of the most efficient waste-to-energy plants in the world. in the near future, ace energy will further improve on the fourth generation wfPP design enabling it to process from 1.5 million to 3 million tons of msw annually.

The ace energy wfPP uses stoker combustion incineration technology to process the municipal solid waste. The most important innovation is the

aCE and aCE and WaStE-FIrEd WaStE-FIrEd PoWEr PoWEr PLantSPLantS

wfPP wfPP technology and technology and sustainabilitysustainability

steam/steam re-heat system between the high and low power turbines. although re-heating by flue-gas is standard in fossil-fired fuel plants it isimpractical for the corrosive gases of waste-to-energy plants. steam temperature is typically limited to a maximum 400° c to prevent corrosion in the steam turbine.

The wfPP contains the most advanced flue gas cleaning technlogy available with respect to dioxins and other pollutants. The flue gases pass through a flue gas incineration treatment system enabling the plant to meet required carbon emission regulations. (long-term tracking tests show that carbon emis-

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Section 5


sions are 1-10 ppm*, hc 2-3 ppm, nox 35 ppm, well within us emission standards).

The flue gas is fired in a second and third chamber at 1000°c for over two seconds, decomposing most of the dioxin (only 0.04 ng/m3** remains, much lower than the eu and us emission norms of 0.1 ng/m3).

as a result, the co2 and dioxin emitted by the ace wfPP is considerably reduced, in fact, less than one percent compared to fossil-fired electricity generating plants. This is well below even the strict-est emission limits legislated for by both the eu and usa environmental protection agencies, and four times better than the Kyoto guidelines.

‘ tHE WFPP rECYCLES and ProCESSES ovEr 99 PErCEnt oF tHE WaStE’

* ppm = parts per million ** ng = nanogram

eneRgy eneRgy PRoduction PRoduction and gReateR and gReateR self-sufficiencyself-sufficiency

Electricity

As well as removing MSW from a city’s environs, a major objective of the WFPP is to increase the net amount of electrical energy fed into the city’s power grid.

WFPP gives cities the opportunity to become more energy self-sufficient by lessening their dependence on fossil fuels for electricity production, while simultaneously reducing pollution caused by CO2 emissions and other toxic substances.

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Section 5


Energy self-sufficiency using MSW also makes a significant contribution to resource conservation at city, country and global levels.

In the first year of operations the WFPP’s electricity output capacity is 450,000 MWh, rising by 50 percent in the second year to 650,000 MWh. By the third year the WFPP will produce almost one million MWh electricity per annum, sufficient output to power many city households and local industries.

the WFPP (where the infrastructure allows this). By producing around 102,000 GJ of heat, approxi-mately 10,000 or more households can benefit from the heated water, potentially reducing prices for the city’s consumers and substantially lowering CO2 emissions.

By-products with additional value

Although electricity and heat are the primary products resulting from the WFPP recycling opera-tion, there are other residues that can be turned into by-products with commercial value, including:

• Bottom ash: to make concrete and bricks • Residual salts: to make asphalt and for

road de-icing • Calcium sulphate: to make gypsum• Glass: to make aggregate for roads • Metals: to re-use in nonferrous products

(aluminum, zinc, copper, etc)

Section 5


WFPP achieves a higher efficiency of electricity than most other waste-to-energy plants anywhere in the world, with a net efficiency of 30 percent. At a calorific value of 10 GJ per tonne of MSW, the WFPP produces a net of 850 kWh per tonne of waste.

ACE Energy aims to produce 15 to 20 percent of a city’s electricity needs through a WFPP. The electricity is sold to the community under long-term contracts at a fixed annual rate, enabling city utility providers to forecast their requirement and maintain stable prices and budgets. However, if the city doesn’t need or want all of the electricity, ACE Energy will sell or trade the additional capacity in the open market on behalf of the municipal government.

Heat

A WFPP produces steam which generates the power used for the rotating turbines to produce electricity. The steam can also be used in a district heating network if a city is located in a cold climate.

The heat can also be used to produce hot water for distribution to household residences located near

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With the combined strengths of its consortium partners ACE Energy is able to provide city muni-cipal governments with complete waste stream management services centred upon WFPP as the operational ‘hub’.

The waste stream process includes the municipal collection and transportation of MSW to the WFPP plant where any hazardous waste is removed and stored separately, while the remain-der is incinerated to produce energy and other by-products.

The WFPP recycles and processes over 99 percent of the MSW. The remaining one percent left-over waste is taken to professionally-controlled landfill sites maintained by ACE Energy and managed in accordance with strict pollution control standards. Hazardous waste is removed separately and sent to a purpose-built depot for special handling and processing.

With WFPP as the hub of our waste stream ma-nagement system, ACE Energy enables cities to take the first steps towards renewal and a closed loop system of zero municipal waste.

waste stReam waste stReam managementmanagement

wfPP and wfPP and waste waste volumesvolumesWaste is the essential ‘fuel’ that makes a WFPP work. For an ACE Energy WFPP to perform economically and efficiently as an energy producer, it needs the municipal government to guarantee at least one million tons of MSW annually. ACE organises the necessary collection and trans-portation services to ensure both safe treatment of MSW and to make sure that the required waste volumes are met.

Section 5


aMSterdaM and wfpp

aEb (afval Energie bedrijf ) was created by the city of amsterdam in 1992 and began its waste-to-energy operations a year later. Its mission is to recover the maximum possible energy and materials from MSW with maximum protection for the environment. In early 2007 a new waste-fired power plant was added to the existing facility thereby increasing total MSW processing capacity to 1.5 million tons per year. It has also achieved a higher efficiency of electrical energy (from 22 percent to 30 percent) and produces a net of approximately 850 kWh per ton of waste.

29

‘ WFPP GIvES CItIES tHE oPPortUnItY to bECoME MorE EnErGY SELF-SUFFICIEnt’

2005

2000

1995

1990

1985

1980

1975

1970

1965

1960

1955

1950

1945

1940

1935

1930

1925

1920

1915

0 0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

1,800,000

2,000,000

waste(tonnes / year)

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

900,000

1,000,000

electricity(Mwh / year)

waSte proCeSSed and energy produCed in aMSterdaM,1915-2005

4th waste-fired power plant

3rd waste-to-energy plant - Sewage sludge

waste-to-energy plant - Sewage sludge

2nd avi-north 2

1st avi-north 1

e-production

Section 5


Section 5

ph

oto

to

bIa

S M

ad

oE

rIn

‘a CItY tHat aCtIvELY taCkLES ItS oWn Carbon EMISSIonS

WHILE rEdUCInG ItS rELIanCE on FoSSIL FUELS... IS HELPInG to CoMbat tHE WorSt EFFECtS oF

GLobaL WarMInG’

Section 6

ace and city Partnership

aCE aCE and CItY and CItY PartnErSHIPPartnErSHIP

What does ACE Energy ask from a city?

As we have seen, waste stream management can be instrumental in helping to drive forward a city’s renewal. But renewal shouldn’t be viewed as a short-term infrastructure project lasting a couple of years. Rather, it’s a continuous, long-term process of improvement and transformation lasting decades, setting a city on the path to a sustainable future.

Because renewal is a long-term process neces-sitating trust and commitment, it is best served by a strategic partnership between the municipal government and ACE Energy.

stRategic stRategic PaRtneRshiPPaRtneRshiP

32

‘ aCE EnErGY aSkS tHE MUnICIPaL GovErnMEnt to EntEr Into a PUbLIC-PrIvatE PartnErSHIP’

Section 6


commeRcial commeRcial foundationfoundation

The strategic partnership is inherently a long-term commitment by both parties to the successful renewal of the city. In addition, ACE Energy will make substantial capital investments in the the WFPP and waste stream management services on behalf of the city.

As a quid pro quo, ACE Energy asks the municipal government to enter into a public-private partnership (PPP) with ACE Energy’s local subsidiary company.

33

Public-PRivate Public-PRivate PaRtneRshiPPaRtneRshiP

The commercial foundation of the PPP rests upon straightforward and transparent mutual obligations. These obligations would be formalized in a legally-binding public-private partnership contract. The contract period would have a duration of at least 30 years.

Municipal government guarantees

ACE Energy will provide the city with waste stream management services (described in the next section) in return for specific guarantees furnished by the municipal government and formalized in a PPP contract.

The principal guarantees required from the municipal government to ACE Energy include:

1. The provision of at least one-and-a-half million (1.5 mio) metric tons of muncipal solid waste to ACE Energy during the course of a calendar year.

2. The provision of 150 hectares of land, either sold or leased to ACE Energy, where the WFPP and support operations will be sited (if leasehold, a period of 50 years).

3. Preparation of the land for construction with the necessary infrastructure, adjacent to accessible rail, road and deepwater connections, including a sea port harbour or river port.

4. Licenses to collect, transport, hold, sort, process and dispose of municipal solid waste (MSW).

5. Licenses to generate and produce electricity, heat and by-products from MSW.

6. Licenses to sell electricity and heat to municipa-lities, local government energy firms or any other party, under ACE Energy’s terms and conditions.

7. Licenses to construct and develop the WFPP.

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ACE Energy guarantees

The principal guarantees provided by ACE Energy to the municipal government include:

1. The construction and operation of a waste-fired power plant (WFPP), fully funded by ACE Energy.

2. Additional investments in the WFPP every five years to maintain and/or upgrade the plant.

3. The right of the municipal government to purchase a part of the WFPP after 25 years of its operation.

4. The provision of one million (1 mio) MWh of electricity per year against a fixed priced with index (based upon delivery of at least one million tons MSW per annum).

5. The provision of integrated waste stream management services to include the collection, transportation, holding, separating, processing and disposing of the city’s municipal solid waste (MSW).

These mutual guarantees are the foundation of the public-private partnership. It is also built on reciprocal trust, integrity and ‘green’ values, as well as a shared belief in the concept of renewal and a shared commitment to managing the city’s waste in a sustainable way.

Section 6


‘ rEdUCInG PoLLUtIon IMProvES tHE HEaLtH oF CItY rESIdEntS’

let’s staRtlet’s staRtWe would like to talk to you about how we can help your city achieve renewal using our waste stream management services and technology.

And – as an international consortium of companies with strong global expertise in the many aspects of waste stream management – ACE Energy can provide you with all the technical, commercial and environmental information you need in taking deci-sions about the future sustainability of your city. You’ll find we are very open and straightforward business people to deal with. Get in touch with us. You’ll find our contact details at the end of this brochure.

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This section provides you with a quick summary of the many benefits that ACE Energy’s waste stream management and WFPP can deliver to your city.

bEnEFItS bEnEFItS SUMMarY: SUMMarY: aCE and CItY aCE and CItY renewalrenewal

enviRonmental enviRonmental benefitsbenefits•Cleaner city environment:

without rubbish and garbage littering the city-scape, the city’s appearance, habitat and quality of life are improved significantly.

• Reduced CO2 emissions: much less carbon pollutes the city atmosphere because of WFPP’s near-zero emissions and ability to replace old fossil fuel power plants.

•Fewer landfills: with less dependence on landfill and garbage dumps, land is released and made available for more productive use.

• Better managed landfills: professionally-managed ‘legacy’ landfills will prevent leachate and toxins from polluting soil, ground- and surface water as well as diminishing public health hazards.

Section 7

benefits summary: ace and city Renewal

36

Section 7


•More employment: as ACE Energy builds new infrastructure and implements its waste stream management system, new job opportunities become available for local people in construction, operations, transportation and support services.

•New source of energy: municipal waste is transformed into a new source of energy to produce valuable electricity, hot water, and district heating for the city, making sure that waste is not wasted.

•Measure of self-sufficiency: municipal waste as a fuel to generate energy aids city and utilities’ budgets by decreasing the need to import and pay for expensive fossil fuels.

• Increased wealth:

a cleaner city offering a better quality of life can attract outside investment, business, industry, people and new skills, adding to the wealth circulating in the local economy.

• Public health: reducing pollution improves the health of city residents and workers, and in turn the health of the local economy as fewer days are lost due to illness, augmenting workforce productivity.

economic economic benefitsbenefits

social social benefitsbenefits• Quality of life:

less pollution, fewer health hazards and a cleaner, more hygienic environment improves the quality of life for all citizens.

•Civic pride: a cleaner city signals a caring, socially-responsible government and gradually promotes civic pride among its residents.

•Positive image: eradication of municipal waste along with muni-cipal concern for public health and quality of life enhances a city’s reputation.

•Leadership: initiating and committing to a vision of urban renewal and sustainability signals pro-active, forward-thinking and socially responsible munici-pal governance, earning for the city a reputation of civic leadership.

global global benefitsbenefits• Global warming:

a city that actively tackles its own carbon emis-sions while reducing its reliance on fossil fuels to produce energy is helping to combat the worst effects of global warming.

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Section 7


It may take a leap of the ImagInatIon to realIze that all of these

benefIts Issue from what cItIes already have too much of: munIcIpal waste.

yet It only takes a partnershIp between a vIsIonary cIty government and ace energy to make these benefIts real.

So let’S begin

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Section 7


39

Section 8

contact information

Contact ACE Energy at:

www.aceglobalenergy.comACE Energy Chairman: Erwin Mulder

Colofon

Initiated, developed and owned by Erwin Mulder & Constantius The HagueCommunication and strategic design: MattmoResearch & writing: Phil MeadPrinter: KoopmansPaper: Munken Lynx

Ace Energy would like to thank the following people and organisations:

Rob Alberts (Waste Management City of Amsterdam), Adhi Amarullah Saputra (Graha BBWM, Bekasi, Jakarta), ‘Alex’ Ang Kim Giok (Ace),

Syamsul Arif in (Governor Sumatera Utara), Bai Gang (Chengdu City Sichuan Province), Jeroen de Bakker (Mattmo), Leon de Bakker (Ace),

Peter Beekhuyzen (Arion), Willem den Beer Portugaal (Tyche Group), Chu Baojie (Governor Weifang City Shangdong Province), Errol Bekar

Koc, Onno van Brussel (Ace), Frank Bult, Co Cadee, John Cassara, Grace Cheng (SBC International Hong Kong), Wlojciech Ciechorski

(Ace’s legal councillor), Frank Coomans (Rotterdam Investment Agency - City of Rotterdam), Chris van Diemen (Mattmo), Richard Engel

(Ace’s legal councillor), Suzie Felix (Mattmo), Dan D. Fullick, Leo Gemanns – Rollera, Max E. Gray (Odell / Odell International), Geert van

Grimbergen (Bluestone Accountants & Tax consultants), Werner Göbel (IGH), Sigbert Hauschild (Ace’s legal councillor), Syarifullah Harahap

(PT. Pembangunan Sumatera), Dave Heijt (Waste Management City of Amsterdam), Dirk Heuvemann, Henk Hietink (Ace’s Senior Advisor),

Hendrik-Jan Hildebrand (Boot Advocaten - Ace’s legal councillor), Huang Qifan (Governor Chongqing City), Huang Xingguo (Tianjin City),

IEA (International Energy Agency), ISWA (International Solid Waste Association), Jule Jellema (Arion), Jan de Jong, Robbert-Jan Lugard

(Confiad), Marc Kapteijn (AEB), Garrett Kelly, Herman Klein Entink (Royal Haskoning), Cees Kolk, Vladimir Aleksandrovic Kabanov (First

deputy administration of Wolgograd), Victor Anatolyevich Koksharov (Chairman Government of Sverdlovsk region – Ekaterinenburg), Sergej

Konew (Ace), Willem van Kranenburg (VAOP) Dave Kwok Xudong, Alex Lai (INA Nederland), Vladimir Nikolaevitc Laptev (Senior district

management Moscow), Frank Lobo (BKPM Indonesia), N.K. Maksjuta (Governor Volvograd, Russia), Phil Mead (Mead Identity Management),

Peggy Melehes-Koch (Ace), Dr. Vladmir Jurievitsch Michalew (Ace’s advisor), Monique Mulder (Mattmo), NVRD (Koninklijke vereniging voor

afval- reiningmanagement), Nag Rajan (Ace’s advisor), Paul van Ravestein (Mattmo), Douwe van den Oever, Geerling Offereins, Victor Ong,

Bjorn van Oostrum (Mattmo), Jos van Oostrum (Ballast Nedam), Hans Paauwe, Jayraj Pathek (Commissioner Municipal Corporation Mumbai,

India), Wim Post, Maja Rejger (Larive Serbia), Louis Rademaekers, Christopher Richardson, Karen Rosink (Mattmo), Atilla Sahin, Magomet

Alihanovisc Sakalov (Ace’s advisor), Mike Sarantopoulos, Ibadulla Ahmetovich Satybalov (Ace’s advisor), Alex Schaafsma (DeKeijzerNipius &

Co. Accountants) Walter Schellmann (SAW GmbH), Rob van Schravendijk (Ballast Nedam), Vijay Seth (Ace), Johannes Setlight (Ace), Irwan

Sjarkawi (Bakri group), Tom Smit (Royal Haskoning), Elena Sokolovskaia, Achmad Syaifuddin .N (Salwa), Matthijs Tammes (Mattmo),

Tan Leong Heng, Asher Tchividjian de St. Aubin, Ethem Toklu (Ace’s advisor), Tong Guili (Governor Hangzhou City Zhejiang Province),

Frank Tumakaka (Sumber Jati), Kathryn Valavanis (Ace), Ijp van der Veen (VAOP), Saskia van der Ven, Harold van Velsen (Mattmo), Peter

Verschoor (Rotterdam Climate Initiative), Leen Versluis (Swiss Global Brokers), Gijs Versteeg (Aarding Beheer), Frans Vlietman, Frank Wetzels

(Royal Haskoning), Harry de Waart (Senior Consultant AEB), Wang Yunyou (Governor Changchuan City Jilin Province), Adinda van der Werf

(DeKeijzerNipius & Co. Accountants), Mohamad Guntur Wijayanto (Ace), Radoslaw Wolniak (Ace), Aron Wortche (Ace), Xia Deren (Governor

Dalian City Liaoning Province), Xin Kai (Governor Shenyang City Liaoning Province), Xu Qing (Governor Shenzhen City Guangdong Province),

Zhou Xiangdong (Ace), Gamal Younis Mohammed Younis (CSEC - Cornerstone Economic Consultants), Zheng Renhao (Governor Shantou City

Guangdong Province), Zhu Liping (Governor Kaifeng City, Henan Province), Charles Ziegler (Ace’s advisor).

All information in this brochure is provided by ACE Energy for information purposes only and does not constitute a legal contract. Although every reasonable effort is made to present current and accurate information, it is subject to change without prior notice.

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