Accumualtion of TBT and Intersex Occurence on Marine Snails Littoraria Scabra
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Transcript of Accumualtion of TBT and Intersex Occurence on Marine Snails Littoraria Scabra
TBT Markus T. Lasut 1
Accumulation of Tributyltin (TBT) and Intersex Occurrence as TBT-contaminated indicator on
the marine snail Littoraria scabra(Gastropoda: Mollusca)
Laboratory of Toxicology and Marine PharmaceuticsFaculty of Fisheries & Marine Sciences
Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
By Markus T. Lasut
TBT-contaminated indicator
Presented in:
International Conference & Workshop XI of “Tropical Marine Mollusc Programme”, sponsored by DANIDA at Kodaikal, Rameswaran and
Tuticorin-Tamilnadu, India. 28 September – 8 Oktober, 2000
TBT Markus T. Lasut 2
The role of molluscs in control & monitoring programme of marine environmental quality Toxic Substances
Discharge as residues
Introduced in purposes
MARINE ENVIRONMENTEffects:•Biological,•Instability,•Reduce species
BIVALVIA•Shell thickening
GASTROPODS•Imposex, Intersex
CONTROL & MONITORING PROGRAMME
OrganotinTributyltin
(TBT)•Measurement on the concentration•Biomonitor using
MOLLUSCS
Accumulation
As antifoulingpaints
INTRODUCTION
INTERSEX
MOLLUSCS
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INTERSEX:
1. Pathological alteration in the oviduct of littorinids, and2. Replacement of female by male organs
Has been proven (together with imposex) as a highly sensitive biomarker for the determination of the degree of environmental organotin and especially tributyltin (TBT)
Atlantic, North Sea, Baltic Sea
Littorina littorea
(continued)INTRODUCTION
Littorina littorea
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Littorina littorea
Littorina scabraspecies complex
Reid (1986) divided and reallocated this species into 16 species of the genus Littoraria
1 species of the genus Littoraria is L. scabra
(continued)INTRODUCTION
Littoraria scabra
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OBJECTIVES
1. Accumulation of TBTto understand two different pathways of TBT accumulation (via TBT-contaminated water & TBT-contaminated sediment and food)
2. Intersex occurrenceto measure and compare intersex stage between two different locations
Residues of TBT accumulated in the body of the animals were measured qualitatively using Tin-Layer Chromatography technique
TBT Markus T. Lasut 6
MATERIALS AND METHODS
1. Accumulation of TBTLittoraria scabra• collected at intertidal area• 15 animals per treatment• Shell length of 17.46 – 20.16 mm
TBT• Pure TBT + tween 80
a. Accumulation via TBT-contaminated water
TBT : 1, 2 and 3 ppb + control (treatment)Seawater : vol. 250 ml, 22.6 ppt, 28-30 oC, pH 7.50-7.70
b. Accumulation via TBT-contaminated sediment and food
TBT : 1, 2 and 3 ppb + control (treatment)Seawater : vol. 250 ml, 22.6 ppt, 28-30 oC, pH 7.50-7.70
• Daily observation was carried out on each treatment along 15 days
TBT Markus T. Lasut 7
MATERIALS AND METHODS
2. Intersex Occurrence Measurement on Intersex Stage has been done by calculating Intersex Index (ISI) as the mean value of the Intersex Stage in a population
ISI > 1.0 indicate that at least some of the females in the sample are sterilized due to intersex development
ISI = Intersex Stage values of all females sampled / number of females
Two different locations were chosen:• Amurang Bay : indicated by small scale/traditional harbour• Bitung Coastal Waters : indicated by large scale harbour
(this location then is divided by 5 sub-locations (A, B, C, D and E) to see the gradient of TBT contamination)
(continued)
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
1. Intersex Occurrence
Littoraria scabra• Shell length : 17.46 – 20.16 mm• Sampled during low-tide at the area• Anesthetic in 7% MgCl2 for maximum relaxation• Observation under microscope
Tin-layer Chromatography techniquewas applied to confirmed residues of TBT accumulated in the body of animals
(continued)
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RESULTS
yes (before 9 days)
yes, very rough
produce mucus
Behaviour : yes (before 9days)
Water condition: very rough
Other : produce mucus
3 ppb TBT
yes (before 9 days)
yes, rough
produce mucus
Behaviour : yes (before 9days)
Water condition: yes, rough
Other : produce mucus
2 ppb TBT
no (after 9 days)
no
--
Behaviour : no (after 9 days)
Water condition: no
Other : --
1 ppb TBT
no
no
--
Behaviour : no
Water condition: no
Other : --
Control
TBT-contaminated sediment & food
TBT-contaminated waterTreatments
Pathways
Visual Observation on L. scabra contaminated to TBT at different pathways
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RESULTS
Qualitative measurement of TBT residue accumulated in the body (soft part) of L. scabra
yesyesno
TBT-contaminated sediment & food
yesyesno
TBT-contaminated water
321ways
TBT Concentration (ppb)Path-
(continued)
no : undetected residuesyes : detected residues
TBT Markus T. Lasut 11
0.27929E
0.501728D
0.932231C
0.761330B
0.15526A
Bitung Coastal Water (BCW)
0.08536Amurang Bay
ISIIntersex
(%)
Number of Samples (Female)
Locations
Intersex Determination in Littoraria scabra
RESULTS (continued)
ISI > 1.0 indicate that at least some of the females in the sample are sterilized due to intersex development
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0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Am. Bay A B C D E
Locations
ISIValues
Intersex Intensity Comparison
Qualitative residue of TBT in body of L. scabra
noyesyesyesnono
EDCBABay
Bitung Coastal WatersAmurang
RESULTS (continued)
no : undetected residues, yes : detected residues
TBT Markus T. Lasut 13
DISCUSSION
Organotin(TBT)
Availability•Water•Sediment & foodBody system of
Littoraria scabra
Effects
Accumulation•Uptake•diffusions
Sublethal:•Spend energy•Intersex•behavioral
Lethal:•mortality
Depuration
If Accumulation > depuration = Effects
Contamination
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CONCLUSION
TBT compound was accumulated in both pathways (via TBT- contaminated water and TBT-contaminated Sediment & food) by the marine snail Littoraria scabra, start from 2 ppb of experimental concentration
Bitung Coastal Waters (BCW) is more pollute by TBT than Amurang Bay (AB), although it is not in dangerous stage of intersex
Intersex is found as a sensitive indicator for TBT contamination in low concentration Intersex occurrence in marine snail Littoraria scabra can be used in Control & Monitoring Program for TBT contamination
TBT Markus T. Lasut 15
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am greatly indebted to the DANIDA sponsored Tropical Marine Mollusc Programme (TMMP) for the possibility to present this paper at the 11th TMMP Conference/Workshop at Kodaikanal, Tamilnadu, India, to Dr. Jorgen Hylleberg for his kindly help and advice.
I am particularly grateful to the Organizing Committee,Dr. P. Edward and Dr. A. Murugan for their warm welcome and hospitality during the congress.
“Thank you”