Accessibility Demystified: What You Don't Know May Hurt You
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Transcript of Accessibility Demystified: What You Don't Know May Hurt You
Accessibility Demystified:What you don’t know can hurt you.
#csuc13 @hannon_hill@kelliPhoReal
Goals
● Understand ○ what web accessibility means○ why web accessibility is important
● Learn ○ common web accessibility issues ○ quick remedies
● Gain ○ basic web accessibility principles○ appreciation for web accessibility
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Web Accessibility Defined
Web Accessibility refers to the inclusive practice of making websites usable by people of all abilities and disabilities.
- Wikipedia (Updated on 13 Aug 2013)
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Myths
Web accessibility is:● for people with disabilities.● only affect a small group of people.● hard.
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Myth #1:
Web accessibility is for people with disabilities.
Truth:
It is about making the web easy to use for:● People with impairments● Different Environments● Mobile Devices● Elderly
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Myth #2:
Web accessibility only affects a small group of people.
Truth:● 1.2+ billion people use mobile Internet● 80%+ of adults (16-34) use mobile Internet● 77% of people above 65 are online● Add disabilities statistics
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Myth #3:
Web accessibility is hard.
Truth:
Web accessibility is not hard. It just takes some compassion and consideration.
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Types of Limitations
● Visual● Hearing● Motor● Cognitive● Seizures
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Visual
Examples:● Blindness● Poor vision● Color blindness
Assistive Technologies:● Screen readers● Braille displays● Screen magnifiers
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Hearing
Examples:● Hard of hearing● Deafness
Assistive Technologies:● Hearing aids● Captions● Transcription
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Motor
Examples:
• Plegia (partial paralysis) or Paralysis
• Loss of limbs
• Arthritis• Parkinson’s Disease
Assistive Technologies:● Pointing and typing
aids● Eyeball tracking
devices● Touch screens
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Cognitive
Examples:
• Cerebral Palsy
• Autism
• ADHD• Down Syndrome
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Seizures
Examples:● Partial or generalized
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Accessibility Statistics
U.S. Census Bureau (2010):
• 56.7 million had a disability
• 38.3 million had a severe disability
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Accessibility Statistics
Microsoft Research Study (2003):
• Ratio amongst computer userso 1 in 4 has a vision difficultyo 1 in 4 has dexterity difficultyo 1 in 5 has a hearing difficulty
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Accessibility Statistics
What does this translate to in numbers?● Visual Difficulty or Impairment
○ Mild: 21.9 million○ Severe: 11.1 million
● Dexterity Difficulty or Impairment○ Mild: 24.4 million○ Severe: 6.8 million
● Hearing Difficulty or Impairment○ Mild: 24 million○ Severe: 2.5 million
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Additional Facts:
• 43% of US adults with disabilities uses the Internet
• 15% of the world's population have some form of disability
• Disability rates are increasing
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What’s the problem?
● Techniques● Designs● Implementation
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Why should you care?
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It’s RIGHT!
● Ethically● Morally
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It’s SMART!
• Economicallyo Larger audienceo Lower site maintenance costo Reduce legal risks/costs
• Designwiseo Good design principleso Responsive design and emerging technologieso Search engine friendly
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It’s the Law!
• Americans with Disabilities Act
• Rehabilitation Act o Section 504o Section 508
• Telecommunications Acto Section 255
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It’s the Law!
• Canadian Human Rights
• Ontarians with Disabilities Act
• Common Look and Feel Standards
• Bill 118 2004
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Case StudiesLitigations and Settlements
Target
vs. National Federation of the Blind● Lack of alternative texts on product images● $6 million settlement● Additional cost litigation costs
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Florida State University
vs. National Federation of the Blind● Lack of accessible technology resulted to
incompletable academic courses● $75,000 settlement per student (2)● Commits to continued effort to come to
standards
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So many more!
• Penn State University
• Arizona State University
• California Law Schools
• Disney
• Major League of Baseball (MLB)
• Bank of America
• Netflix
• Amazon
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Where to start?
1. Identify and remedy potential issues
2. Develop implementation plan
3. Educate and maintain
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Common Issues
Alternative Text Attributes
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Audio and Visual Media
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Color Contrast
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Common Problems
● Heading elements○ Order heading elements properly
● Link texts○ Unique○ Descriptive○ Avoid “Click Here”
● Tab navigation○ Skip to main content
● JavaScript ○ Use event handlers appropriately
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Common Problems
● Forms○ All fields are properly labeled○ Recoverable from errors
● Flashing/blinking text or images○ Don’t
● HTML without CSS/JavaScript○ Ensure that site functions properly and content is still
accessible without CSS/JavaScript
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Resources
• Screen reader emulators:o Firefox: FANGSo Chrome: ChromeVoxo Built-in screen reader (Mac OS X)
• Text-browsero Lynx
• Free automated validatorso WAVE (WebAIM)
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More on Web Accessibility
Rick Hill of UC Davis● “Creating More Accessible Content”● 3:15pm - 4:00pm● More technical, in-depth
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Questions?Q&A