AccApp'05, VeneziaO. Napoly, CEA/Saclay1 Coordinated Accelerator Research in Europe.
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Transcript of AccApp'05, VeneziaO. Napoly, CEA/Saclay1 Coordinated Accelerator Research in Europe.
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 1
Coordinated Accelerator Research in Europe
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 2
• CARE is an Integrated Infrastructure Initiative (I3)supported by the European Community under the FP6
“Structuring the European Research Area” programme
• Aimed at improving existing accelerator infrastructures in EU
• 22 institutes from 9 countries have signed the EU contract
• About 46 institutes from 7 countries are associated
• Coordinated by CEA/DSM/DAPNIA, Saclay• CARE Web Site : http://care.lal.in2p3.fr
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 3
Accelerator Application: Elementary Particle Physics
“Discovering the Quantum Universe”™ (US-HEPAP)
I. Einstein’s dream of unified forces:
1. Are there undiscovered principles of nature: new forces, new symmetries, new physical laws ?
2. How can we solve the mystery of dark energy ?
3. Are there extra dimensions of space ?
4. Do all forces become one ?
II. The particle world:
1. Why are there so many kinds of particles ?
2. What is dark matter ? How can we make it in the laboratoy ?
3. What are neutrinos telling us ?
III. The birth of the universe:
1. How did the universe come to be ?
2. What happened to the anti-matter ?
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 4
CARE ‘recipients’:Existing Accelerators
Laboratory Accelerator Description
CCLRC-RAL ISIS Accelerator complex for the neutron and muon facility
CEA-Saclay IPHI High intensity proton injector
CERN PS, SPS, LHCCNGSCTF3
Proton accelerator complexNeutrino beamElectron two-beam linac test facility
DESY PETRA, HERATTF
Electron and proton accelerator complexElectron superconducting linac test facility and FEL
FZ Rosendorf ELBE Electron linear accelerator
GSI Darmstadt SIS, ESR Heavy-ion accelerator complex
PSI SINQ Accelerator complex for the neutron and muon facility
INFN-Frascati DAPHNE Electron-positron collider
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 5
CARE ‘recipients’:Existing Test Stands
CCLRC-RAL - Cryogenic facility for mechanical measurements
CEA-Saclay - Cryogenic test stands for SC magnets
CryHoLab Horizontal cryogenic test stand for RF cavities
CNRS-Orsay NEPAL-
Test stand with photo-injectorRF coupler test laboratory
CERN --FRESCA
3 MeV test stand for chopping and beam testsRF test stand for 352 MHz cavity testingSuperconducting wire and cable test facility
DESY CHECHIA-PITZ
Horizontal cryogenic test stand for RF cavitiesSC magnet test facilityPhoto-injector test facility
FZ Jülich - RF test stand for SC cavities
GSI Darmstadt -UNILAC
SC magnet test facilityAccelerator for beam and diagnostics tests
INFN Frascati and Genova High field SC wire test facilities
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 6
United KingdomUMA22
United KingdomICL21
United KingdomCCLRC20
suissePSI19
suisseUNI-GE18
en suisseCERN17
SpainCSIC16
PolandWUT15
PolandPW(WUT)14
PolandIPJ13
PolandTUL Lodz12
NederlandTEU11
ItalieINFN10
GermanyFZR-ELBE9
GermanyTUM8
GermanyFZJ7
GermanyDESY6
GermanyIAP-FU5
GermanyGSI4
FranceCNRS3
BelgiqueUCLN2
FranceCEA1
NationnalityShort name
United KingdomUMA22
United KingdomICL21
United KingdomCCLRC20
suissePSI19
suisseUNI-GE18
en suisseCERN17
SpainCSIC16
PolandWUT15
PolandPW(WUT)14
PolandIPJ13
PolandTUL Lodz12
NederlandTEU11
ItalieINFN10
GermanyFZR-ELBE9
GermanyTUM8
GermanyFZJ7
GermanyDESY6
GermanyIAP-FU5
GermanyGSI4
FranceCNRS3
BelgiqueUCLN2
FranceCEA1
NationnalityShort name
FP6 Integrated Infrastructure Initiative 2004 – 2008
4 Joint Research Activities3 Networking Activities
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 7
CARE Matrix:Activities vs. Infrastructures
NA = Networking Activities JRA = Joint Research Activities
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 8
ELAN Networking Activity
• the European contribution to the first International Linear Collider workshop at KEK, nov04
• the first International Workshop on “High Energy Electron using Plasmas” in Paris, June’05.
organizedorganized
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 9
BENE Networking Activity
BENE co-organized in May’04 at CERN the workshop “Physics at a Multi MegaWatt Proton Source” which reviewedthe parametersof a proton driverfor a futureneutrino facility.
Recommended:SPL at 3.5 GeV,1;14 mA average,40 mA peak
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 10
HHH Networking Activity
• the “Beam Dynamics in Future Hadron Colliders and Rapidly Cycling High-Intensity Synchrotrons” workshop which reviewed the critical items and possible scenarios for CERN-LHC and GSI-SIS upgrades.• topical workshops on topical workshops on ““Beam Generated Heat Deposition and Quench Levels for LHC Magnets””and “and “Crystal Collimation in Hadron Storage Rings”” http://care-hhh.web.cern.ch/CARE-HHH/
organizedorganized
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 11
Joint Research Activities
The four Joint Research Activities (JRA) aim at developing critical or beyond the state of the art components and systems allowing one to upgrade the infrastructures dedicated to EPP.
• SRF: The development of the superconducting RF cavity technology for the acceleration of electrons with gradient exceeding 35 MV/m and the development of the subsequent necessary superconducting RF technology.
• PHIN: An R&D program for improving the technology of photo-injectors, in particular to match the severe requirements necessary for demonstrating the 2 beam acceleration concepts.
• HIPPI: The integrated developments of normal and superconducting RF structures for the acceleration of very high-intensity proton beams as well as challenging beam chopping magnets.
• NED: The development and mastering of the technology for reaching very high magnetic field (>15 T) and high current densities (>1500 A/mm2).
All together : 16 contracting institutes, 12 industrial companies
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 12
Joint Research Activity Budgets
SRF PHIN HIPPI NEDTotal JRA
Number of Contractors 8 6 8 6 16
EU funding 5.0 M€ 3.5 M€ 3.6 M€ 1.0 M€ 13 M€
Expected Cost 9.2 M€ 6.0 M€ 15 M€ 2.1 M€ 32 M€
FTE54 over
4 years22 over 4 years
23 over 5 years
4.2 over 3 years
103 over 5 years
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 13
SRF Work Packages2 Improved Standard Cavity Fabrication
2.1 Reliability analysis
2.2 Improved component design
2.3 EB welding
3 Seamless Cavity Production
3.1 Seamless cavity production by spinning
3.2 Seamless cavity production by hydroforming
4 Thin Film Cavity Production
4.1 Linear arc cathode
4.2 Planar arc cathode
5 Surface Preparation
5.1 Electro-Polishing on single cells
5.2 Electro-Polishing on multicells
5.3 Automated EP
5.4 Dry ice cleaning
6 Material Analysis
6.1 Squid scanning
6.2 Flux gate magnetometry
6.3 DC field emission studies of Nb samples
7 Couplers
7.1 New proto-types
7.2 Titanium-nitride coating system
7.3 Conditioning studies
8 Tuners
8.1 Actuators and sensor characterisation
8.2 Control electronics
8.3 Piezo-electric tuners
8.4 Magneto-strictive tuner
9 Low Level RF
9.1 Operability and Technical performance
9.2 Cost and reliabilty
9.3 Hardware technolgy
9.4 Software technology
10 Cryostat Integration Tests
11 Beam Diagnostics
11.1 Emittance monitor
11.2 Beam position monitor
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 14
SRF R&D Programme (1)
Scientific investigations on coated Niobium films by the vacuum arc method at IPJ-Swierk and INFN-Roma have shown that the superconducting properties, i.e. Jc and Tc, are the same as in bulk Niobium
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 15
SRF R&D Programme (2)
The progress with the preparation of cavities by electropolishing and moderate bake out results in nine cell 1.3 GHz superconducting cavities with accelerating gradients above 30 MV/m and quality factors above 1010.
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 16
SRF R&D Programme (3)
RF studies at CNRS-Orsay of two alternative couplers design are complete. Prototypes will be built in industry and RF tests are foreseen in spring of 2006.
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 17
SRF R&D Programme (4)
The progress in the design of two piezo-tuners, lateral at CEA or axial at INFN-Milano, will allow the fabrication and RF-tests of tuner prototypes in 2005 in CryHoLab.
Also supported by HIPPI for proton SC cavities
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 18
SRF R&D Programme (4)
Integrated high power cavity tests are under way at the CryHoLab (IN2P3-CEA) test stand with the first goal of qualifying the cold tuning system prototypes
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 19
PHIN Work Packages
2 Charge Production
2.1 High efficiency photocathode for 3 GHz RF gun
2.2 Photocathode for superconducting cavity
2.3 Laser driven plasma source
3 LASER
3.1 Laser system
3.2 Pulse shaping system
3.3 UV generation and feedbacks
4 Gun
4.1 Superconducting RF gun
4.2 3 GHz RF gun
4.3 Spectrometer for e- beam
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 20
PHIN R&D Programme (1)
The characteristics of more than 30 photocathodes, (preparation condition, quantum efficiency, laser wave-length, lifetime, vacuum conditions…) have been collected in a database (CERN, FZR-ELBE, TEU).http://www.fz-rossendorf.de/projects/CARE/index.files/page0001.htm
Properties of semiconductor photocathodes
Material E a+Eg (eV) Threshold (nm)
Alkali-halide CsI 6.4 209
CsI-Ge 5.0 248
Alkali-antimonide Cs3Sb 2.0 620
K3Sb 2.3 539
Na2KSb 2.0 620
K2CsSb . .
Alkali-telluride Cs 2Te 3.5 354
CsKTe
Rb 2Te 4.1 302
RbCsTe . .
K2Te . .
NegativeElectron Affinity GaAs (Cs) . .
(111) Diamond . <210
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 21
PHIN R&D Programme (2) A new superconducting RF gun with 3 ½ cells has been designed FZR-ELBE with Cs2Te@LN2. First beam in 2006.
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 22
PHIN R&D Programme (3)
The demonstration of a high charge 0.5 nC mono-energetic 170 MeV 20 MeV electron beam generation in the laser plasma accelerator concept has been achieved at CNRS-LOA (published in Nature).
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 23
PHIN R&D Programme (4)
Experiments on pulse shaping with the acousto-optic modulator (Dazzler) achieved the required square laser pulse characteristics before the amplifier system at INFN (Frascati, Milano, Roma).
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 24
HIPPI Work Packages
2 Normal conducting structures
2.1 Drift tube linac DTL
2.2 H-mode drift tube linac
2.3 Side coupled linac
2.4 Cell coupled drift tube linac CCDTL
3 Superconducting structures
3.1 Elliptical cavities
3.2 Spoke cavities
3.3 CH resonators
4 Chopping
4.1 Chopper structure
4.2 Chopper beam line
4.3
5 Beam dynamics
5.1 Code development
5.2 Code benchmarking
5.3 Simulation and experiment at UNILAC
5.4 Simulation and experiment at CERN
5.5 Diagnostics and collimation
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 25
HIPPI R&D Programme (1)
RF studies have been completed and prototypes are in fabrication for both normal and superconducting low-beta cross-H 352 MHz resonators at IAP-Frankfort.
Cu Nb
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 26
HIPPI R&D Programme (2)
A 352 MHz Cavity Coupled DTL pre-prototype in construction at CERN has been copper plated and will undergo high power tests.
A second prototype is built in Russia (ISTC #2875 ) at BINP (Novosibirsk) and at VNITEF (Snezinsk)
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 27
HIPPI R&D Programme (3)
Superconducting spoke resonator prototypes, ranging from β=0.1 to β=0.35 have been designed at FZ-Jülich at 352 and 760 MHz, and CNRS-Orsay at 352 MHz. They have been fabricated in industry and RF tests have started.
FZJ IPN-Orsay
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 28
HIPPI R&D Programme (4)
A β=0.47, 704 MHz superconducting elliptical cavity fabricated at INFN-Milano reached 16 MV/m gradient with Q0 = 5.109 during a vertical RF test at CEA-Saclay
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 29
NED Work Packages
2 Thermal studies and quench protection
2.1 Heat transfer measurements
2.2 Quench protection computation
3 Conductor development
3.1 Cable specification for 15 T dipole magnet
3.2 Wire development
3.3 Wire characterization
3.4 Cable development
3.5 Cable characterisation
4 Insulation development and implementation
4.1 Specification of conductor insulation
4.2 Implementation study of conventional solution
4.3 Implementation study of innovative solution
5 Magnet design and optimisation
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 30
NED R&D Programme (1)
Heat transfer measurements will be performed in a pressurized, He-II, double-bath cryostat manufactured at Wroclaw University of Technology. The cryostat has been delivered to CEA/Saclay where the facility will be implemented an operated.
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 31
NED R&D Programme (2)
Magnetic designs for large bore and high field dipole magnets have been studied at CERN in order to define the characteristics of Nb3Sn strands suitable to reach a 15 T field for two different apertures (CERN).
Ø = 88 mm Ø = 160 mm
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 32
NED R&D Programme (3)
• NED and HHH co-organized in March’04 at Archamps the workshop “Accelerator Magnet Superconductors” to review present R&D and define directions of developments in connection with European industries.http://amt.web.cern.ch/amt/events/workshops/WAMS2004/wams2004_index.htm
• Two contracts for Nb3Sn conductor development have been awarded to Alstom/MSA (France) and SMI (The Netherlands).
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 33
Aplications ofSuperconductivity and Injectors
CARE R&D programmes are focused on the technology of :1. High gradient superconducting RF
2. High field superconducting magnets
3. Intense electron beam sources
4. Intense proton beam injectors
These technologies, developed in EPP laboratories worldwide (cf. EU laboratories + KEK, Fermilab, JLab, LBNL, BNL, …) lead to wider applications:• 1 + 3 → Fourth generation light sources SASE-FEL• 1 + 4 → Proton drivers for spallation neutron sources and
accelerator driven systems• 2 + 4 → Fusion reactors : stellarators and tokamaks
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 34
Looking ahead (I)
CARE is the first EPP project associated to the EC Framework Programmes.
Since then, other accelerator R&D projects have been approved
Project Instrmt.
Type
Beam
Type
Start
date
Duration
Years
Total
Cost
EU contribution
CAREI3 All 1/1/04 5 55 M€
15.2 M€
EUROTEVDS* e+,e- (LC) 1/1/05 3
29 M€ 9 M€
EURISOLDS*
Ion, p
(Neutrino b-beam)1/1/05 4
33 M€
(3.3 M€)
9.16 M€
(1 M€)
* DS = Design Studies
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 35
Looking ahead (II)
CARE R&D programme must be extended within the EU FP7 to ensure that the European Elementary Particle Physics community plays an important role :• in the improvement of present accelerators
- LHC upgrade- GSI SIS upgrade- DESY XFEL
• in the construction of new accelerators- ILC International Linear Collider (2010 ?)- Neutrino factories- Muon collider- …
• In pushing the limits in the performance of accelerator systems for other applications.
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 36
Dissemination of knowledge
• CARE Publications :http://dphs10.saclay.cea.fr/Doc/Care/care_index.php
2004 ELAN BENE HHH SRF PHIN HIPPI NED Total
Notes 26 5 6 2 0 0 39
Pubs 1 2 1 4
Reports 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 8
Confs 1 8 18 6 19 2 54
Nature, NIM, Phys. Rev,…
• CARE Databases and Code Repositories (via CARE Web site): Superconducting RF and e- instrumentation in ELAN Photocathode properties in PHIN Accelerator codes for electron linacs in ELAN Accelerator codes for proton accelerators in HHH
AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 37
Conclusion
• CARE R&D programmes have started 18 months ago, with a very wide range of collaborative projects.
• With a few exceptions, major investments and most of the hiring have been undertaken. Few prototypes have been already fabricated.
• Progress of the activities has been reported to EC in the 1st annual activity reports, available on the CARE web site.
• The upgraded test stands will become operational in late 2005 and prototype will be tested over 2006 to 2008.
• Many synergies and complementarities with other projects
CARE is not isolated in its « ivory tower »