Academic Skills Workshop August 2007 Harvard Referencing

8/7/2019 Academic Skills Workshop August 2007 Harvard Referencing

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Harvard Referencing

By

Zainudin JohariSenior Lecturer

B Sc. (Hons) Computer Science, UPMM Sc. Computer Science (Information Systems) UPM


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Harvard ReferencingHarvard ReferencingWhy you h ave t o us e it

E vidence of background readingAcknowledge the research of others

Avoid accusations of plagiarismMakes you include complete informationE asy to trace the background research used

Helps other researchers


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Quo te s o r Parap h ra s ing?

Quotes are an exact replication of someones elses words in your work

Paraphrasing is rewording someone elsesidea and including it in your work

It i s better practice t o PARAPHRASE in you r wo rk


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Why Parap h ra s e?

Direct quotes disrupt the flow of your workYour writing should be YOUR writing

We are interested in YOUR understanding of an ideaParaphrasing allows you to explain and

discuss an idea in your own way


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Referencing

You must reference any facts in your workthat have come from another source (this is

basically everything in your essay!)Referencing does not only apply to directquotes you must also reference ideaswhich you have paraphrasedScientific essays are often very heavilyreferenced


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ReferencingReferencing - - Harvard StyleHarvard Style

A guide

How to refer to writers in your textsA formula for each type of resource, i.e.video, book, journal, electronic journal, webpageHow to create a proper reference list andbibliography


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Harvard ReferencingHarvard ReferencingWh ere can you get h elp?

On my websitewww.zjedu.blogspot.com

On any other university websiteOn the InternetAsk your tutor


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Harvard ReferencingHarvard ReferencingS om e lang u age explained

CITING - acknowledging in the textCITATION - the passage or words quoted

within your textREFE RE NC E LIST - list of sourcesREFE RE NC E - detailed description of worksusedBIBLIOGRAPHY list of sources used toinform your work but not cited in your text


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Harvard ReferencingHarvard ReferencingHo w d o e s it w o rk?

There are 2 elements to referencing other peoples work:The first is in the body of the text or in themiddle of your essay or report, when yourefer to someones ideas.The second is at the back of your work when

you list everything you have referred to in full.


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Citing in the textCiting in the text

Authors surname and year of publication inbrackets

e.g.The work of Smith (1998) and Jones (2000)emphasised the importance of quality in CAMresearch.


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Citing in the textCiting in the textDirect Quo te s

Name, Year and Page number appear inbrackets

e.g.Without any doubt, nutrition can make usbetter suited to cope with life and provide abiochemically sound physical body for theLife F orce to inhabit. (Plaskett, 2004 pgB.15)


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Citing in the textCiting in the textMu ltiple A u tho r s

Multiple authors:Cutler, T. Williams, K. & Williams, J. (1986)

believe that the fermentation process isprolonged by such low temperatures.

Or:

Matlock, J. et al. (1996) discussed the use of electronic databases.


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Citing in the textCiting in the textElectr o nic S ou rce s

E lectronic journal and web site with anauthor:

Cite the author and date as usual.

e.g.

Turner (2001) has created many usefulgraphs showing the transition between thedifferent age groups.


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Citing in the textCiting in the textElectr o nic S ou rce s

Web site without author:Where the web page has no author, use the

title of the page or the copyright owner as thepoint of reference.e.g.A recent study (Imperial Cancer

Research F und, 2000) has stated thatlung cancer is the most common form of the disease in the UK.


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The Reference ListThe Reference ListWh at i s it?

Alphabetical list at the end of your workThe reference list gives the F ULL referenceIt is to make sure that you do not miss out acrucial fact and then fail to trace that workagain

The most important thing to remember is tokeep your reference list consistent


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BOOKSBOOKSIncl u de t h e f o llo wing inf o r m ati o n:

Au tho r(s) / E ditor(s) / OrganisationYear in brackets

Title and Subtitle (Italics).Serie s (if present).Editi o n.

Place of publication,P u bli sh er.


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Book ReferenceBook ReferenceIn t h e Reference Li s t

e.g.Mitchell, A. & Cormack, M. (1998) Th eTh erapeutic Relations h ip in Complementary Healt h Care. London, Churchill Livingstone.

e.g.

McKenna, J. (1996) Alternatives toAntibiotics . London, Struik Publishers Ltd.


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E xample E xerciseE xample E xercise

You have read a book called ReferencingRocks!.

It was published in 2002.The location of the publisher is London.The publishers name is Dullard Press Ltd andit was written by R. U. Kiddin.

Translate this into a Harvard Reference


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Rig h t o rder and p u nct u ati o n

Kiddin, R. U. (2002)

Referencing Rocks .London,Dullard Press Ltd.


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Co rrect Reference

Kiddin, R.U. (2002) Referencing Rocks .

London, Dullard Press Ltd.


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Journal ArticlesJournal ArticlesIncl u de t h e f o llo wing inf o r m ati o n:

Au tho r(s) of articleYear in brackets

Article title.J ou rnal title (Italics),Vo lum e , Part, Issue, Month /Season

Page numbers.


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Journal ArticleJournal ArticleIn t h e bibli o grap hy

e.g.F ield, C.J. & Schley P. D. (2002) Nutrients

and their role in host resistance to infection.J ournal of Leukocyte Biology ,71 (1), 16-32.


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E xample E xerciseE xample E xercise

You have read in a journal called TheNutrition Practitioner an article calledPeriodontal Disease and CH D.It is written by George Jones.It was published this year.It is issue number 2.

It is on pages 225 - 238 and is volumenumber 25.Tran s late t h is int o a Harvard reference


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Rig h t o rder and p u nct u ati o n

Jones, G. (2005)

Periodontal Disease and CH D.Th e Nutrition Practitioner ,25 (2)

225-238.


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Co rrect Reference

Jones, G. (2005) Periodontal Disease and

CH D. Th e Nutrition Practitioner , 25 (2), 225-238.


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Web PagesWeb PagesIncl u de t h e f o llo wing inf o r m ati o n:

Au tho r(s) / E ditor(s) if knownYear (in brackets)

Title (Italics)[O nline].Editi o n

Place of publication,P u bli sh ers name (if available).Available fr om : [Date acce ss ed].


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Web PageWeb PageIn t h e Reference Li s t:

e.g. Sharma, Y. (2003) V accination Controversy:Safety and Side Effects [Internet]. London, PositiveHealth Publications Ltd. Available from: [Accessed 5 March 2005].

e.g. The F ood Standards Agency. (2005) GM Labelling [Internet]. London, F ood StandardsAgency. Available from:[Accessed 5 March 2005].


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Sample Reference ListSample Reference List

F ield, C.J. & Schley, P. D. (2002) Nutrients andtheir role in host resistance to infection. J ournal of Leukocyte Biology ,71 (1), 16-32.

Jones, G. (2005) Periodontal Disease and CH D.Th e Nutrition Practitioner , 25 (2), 225-238.

Sharma, Y. (2003) V accination Controversy: Safety and Side Effects [Internet]. London, Positive HealthPublications Ltd. Availablefrom: [Accessed 5 March 2005].

Academic Skills Workshop August 2007 Harvard Referencing

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