Harvard referencing system
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Transcript of Harvard referencing system
Copyright © Patrice Seuwou 2013
Harvard Referencing System
Mr Patrice Seuwou School of Technology
Session objectives
Copyright © Patrice Seuwou 2013
What is plagiarism?
• Use of any source of information (including electronic) without proper acknowledgement.
• Quoting, summarising or paraphrasing, copying and pasting without citing source.
• Citing sources you didn’t use.• Unauthorised collaboration.
Copyright © Patrice Seuwou 2013
Why do students plagiarise?
• Poor study skills• Inability to find information• Poor citation skills• Lack of understanding of what
constitutes plagiarism
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Writing a dissertation, thesis, article, essay
To support your arguments and provide ideas:
• Read widely and analyse the work of others.
• Use as many sources as you can (books, journals, newspapers, reports, web etc.)
• Read at an appropriate academic level.• Use good quality sources.
Copyright © Patrice Seuwou 2013
Why should you cite other people’s work?
• Acknowledge the work of other writers and researchers
• Demonstrate your reading and research• Enable others to trace your sources
easily and lead them on to further information
• Part of the marking criteria• Provide a check against plagiarism• Meet copyright regulations
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Journal Article
Referencing in Context
Book
Web Page
Research, read and
make notes
Your Project
Evidence to support your own ideas or arguments
• Paraphrase
• Direct Quote
Acknowledge Sources Used
• Briefly in your text
and/or• In full at the
end
Copyright © Patrice Seuwou 2013
What is citing and referencing?
• In your assignments you must demonstrate that you have used relevant, good quality sources by:
– providing in-text citations in the body of your work
AND
– a reference list/bibliography at the end of your work
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What’s an in-text citation?
In-text citations appear in the body of the text of your assignment and should be included whenever you quote, summarise or otherwise refer to someone else’s ideas.
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What do I need to include?
• author• year the work was published• page number(s) if applicable
Copyright © Patrice Seuwou 2013
What’s an in-text citation? - Examples
• According to Clegg (1985, p.543) the inter-war period was….
• Barter (2003, p.258) has shown that…..
• As Evans, Jamal and Foxall (2006, p.76) point out….
• It has been suggested by Reed (2008, pp.30-31)....
• Barter (2003, p.258) and Stuart (2001, p.85) note…
• A number of authors including Smith (2008, pp.21-24) and Adams (2001, pp.165-166) have argued that…
**p. - page number / pp. - page numbers**
Copyright © Patrice Seuwou 2013
What’s a reference list?• A list of all the sources you have cited in the text of
your assignment
• Presented at the end of your work in alphabetical order by author/ editor
• Do not list books, journals, newspapers, then websites etc.
Note: a bibliography lists all of the sources you have read to help write
your assignment, not just those cited in the text.
Bibliography and/ or reference list? Ask your tutor!
Copyright © Patrice Seuwou 2013
How to Reference
You need to reference in two places:
• Brief details – these will go into the main body of your assignment• Full details – these will go at the end
of your assignment
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Referencing a book
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Referencing a printed journal article
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Referencing an electronic journal article
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Referencing a web page
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References of images and diagrams
All externally sourced images and diagrams must be referenced
• Enter the title underneath the image or diagram
• Add, in brackets, the author, date of publication and page number
• Where there is no author use the title of the source i.e. book, website etc.
Copyright © Patrice Seuwou 2013
References of images and diagrams
Example 1 (Book/Publication):
Figure 1: Risk assessment guidelines for lifting and lowering (Essentials of Health and Safety at Work 2008,
48)
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References of images and diagrams
Example 2 (Website):
Figure 1: Marriages, United Kingdom, 1951 – 2007 (Office for National Statistics website
2009)
Copyright © Patrice Seuwou 2013
Copyright © Patrice Seuwou 2013
How to Reference
Copyright © Patrice Seuwou 2013
Secondary referencing
Summary• When you use ideas from, refer to, or quote from,
another person’s work you MUST acknowledge this in your work by citing and referencing
• Ensure that your citations and references are complete, accurate and consistent, by keeping note of the sources you have used and where you found them
• If you present work containing ideas or quotes from other authors, without acknowledging their work (even if you do so accidentally) you may be accused of plagiarism!
Copyright © Patrice Seuwou 2013