AC LED Technology
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Transcript of AC LED Technology
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
Bob Kottritsch Vice President EMEA
AC LED Technology Driving Mass Adoption for the
Consumer market
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
Brief History of Man Made Light
• Combustion Light – Fire, Oil, Candle, Gas
– Chemical Oxidation → Heat → Light
• Electricity for Lighting – Carbon Arc (incandescent carbon)
– Filament Lamp (incandescent wire)
– Discharge lamp (plasma orbital decay emission)
– Fluorescent Lamp (plasma + Phosphor Quantum Well )
– Light Emitting Diode (Q Well – semi conductor + Phosphor)
Feb 2014 2
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
Historic Timeline
70,000 BC Hollow rock filled with moss soaked in animal fat and ignited.
Fire Light
c. 4500 BC oil lamps
c. 3000 BC Candles are invented
c. 900 AD Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi invents kerosene lamp
c. 1000AD The first street lamps appear in Cordoba
18th century commercial development of the Oil lamp, first Gas lamp
19th century
commercialisation of Gas lighting,
Carbon Arc lamp - Electric light,
Edison & Swan - Incandescent Filament Lamp
Feb 2014 3
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
Electric Lighting Timeline
Feb 2014 4
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
LED Lighting Timeline
Feb 2014 5
First Commercial
RED LEDs
7 Segment Displays
First Commercial Green LEDs
High Brightness BLUE LEDs (Nakamura – Nichia)
First Phosphor White LEDs
High Brightness WHITE LEDs
commercialised – now reaching 150 lm/w
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
Why LED Lighting – 8 Advantages
• Long Life
• Energy Efficiency
• Ecologically Friendly
• Durable Quality
• Zero UV Emissions
• Instant Lighting & Frequent Switching
• Light Dispersement
• Dimmable (sometimes)
Feb 2014 6
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
Initial Cost – The BIG drawback
• 3000% more expensive
• BUT – 2500% longer life
– 700% lower annual energy cost
– 400% lower cost of
ownership
Feb 2014 7
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
• $ cost of ownership by lamp type $ Per Lumen Cost of lamps and energy normalised over 10 year period
– 400% lower
– Unassailable argument
– Works for commercial
– Has not yet found the
heart of the consumer
Cost of Ownership Comparison
Feb 2014 8
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
Inside an LED
Feb 2014 9
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
Inside an LED Package
Feb 2014 10
The Die Packaged
Die How it Looks
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
The LED Light SYSTEM
Feb 2014 11
Power
Supply/ Driver
Heat Sink LED Module
Optics
Heat Spreader
Chassis/
Insulator
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
Simple vs. Complex
Feb 2014 12
© Lynk Labs 2009
EVOLUTION OF THE
LED LIGHTING SECTOR
A period of Exponential growth
Feb 2014 13
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
LEDs – from Disruptive to Mainstream
lighting technology
• From niche to core in
5 years
• Fuelled by:
– GaN cost down
– LED TV volumes
– Critical sector
adoption •
•
•
•
Feb 2014 14
The innovator's dilemma Clayton M Christensen
New York : HarperCollins, ©2003.
LED Technology
Trad
ition
al Lig
htin
g
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
LED Lamps and Luminaires
• Accelerating growth
– $13bn by 2017
– China & ROW!!
– How much is
•
•
– 25x109 light bulbs
to replace
Feb 2014 15
The Market for High-Brightness LEDs in Lighting Applications
Strategies Unlimited January 2014
Annual Revenues
© Lynk Labs 2009
AC POWER INFRASTRUCTURE
Where DC meets AC
Feb 2014 16
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
Infrastructure – where DC meets AC
• Global AC infrastructure – Generation and Transmission efficiency
– A fundamental “given” in lighting technology
– Massive infrastructure investment •
•
Feb 2014 17
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
Tesla & Edison
Feb 2014 18
Shortly before he died,
Edison said that his
biggest mistake had
been in trying to develop
direct current, rather than
the vastly superior
alternating current system
that Tesla had put within
his grasp1 Nikola Tesla
Thomas Edison
1 Margaret Cheney, Robert Uth, and Jim
Glenn, "Tesla, Master of Lightning". Barnes &
Noble Publishing, 1999.
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
Infrastructure – where DC meets AC
• Global AC infrastructure – Generation and Transmission efficiency
– A fundamental “given” in lighting technology
– Massive infrastructure investment •
•
• Drivers – Interface AC Power to DC LEDs
– BUT – Electronics Rich •
•
Feb 2014 19
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
Common AC infrastructures
• Line voltage AC – 120V, 230V being the most common
– many country and industrial variants.
• Low voltage AC – typically 12V or 24V AC
•
•
– Applications – •
•
•
•
Feb 2014
20
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
AC Infrastructure – the Challenge
• “25 Billion light bulbs can’t be wrong …”
– Replacement cost has to fall drastically
– Driver is very significant cost element
• Direct AC LED light engines – a solution?
– Direct connection
– Reduced cost
– Infrastructure dimmable
– Accelerated adoption ….
– Keep it Simple ……..
Feb 2014 21
© Lynk Labs 2009
AC LEDS
Direct AC Connect Technology
Back towards the SIMPLE Light Bulb
Feb 2014 22
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
AC LEDs – Device Level Technology? .
• Diodes – are still Diodes
• The Laws of Physics – still apply
• AC LED Device – Does not exist
Feb 2014 23
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
AC LEDs – Circuit Level Technology
– Self rectifying LED
circuits •
•
– Externally (bridge )
rectified - hVf LED
circuits
Feb 2014 24
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
AC LEDs – Circuit Level Technology
– Self rectifying LED
circuits •
•
– Externally (bridge )
rectified - hVf LED
circuits
Feb 2014 25
hVf
anti-parallel
LED bridge
hybrid
hVf
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
AC LEDs – Circuit Level Technology
– Self rectifying LED
circuits •
•
– Externally (bridge )
rectified - hVf LED
circuits
Feb 2014 26
Component Level Circuit
1.1 mm
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
AC LED IP Landscape
• Very Different between DC and AC – AC fundamental Circuit level patents
•
– DC Open Architecture at Circuit level
• AC LED technology – Based on “Voltage Platforms”
– Line voltage regimes match multiples of these
– Multi-Voltage IP (Circuit, Component and LED/COB levels)
(allowing one circuit to service more than one platform)
Feb 2014 27
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
AC LEDs – from Disruptive to Mainstream
lighting technology
Feb 2014 28
The innovator's dilemma Clayton M Christensen
New York : HarperCollins, ©2003.
LED
Tec
hn
olo
gy
AC LED Technology • From niche to core in
? years
• Fuelled by: – GaN cost down
– Consumer Lighting Cost Pressure
– Critical segment adoption •
•
•
•
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
The Growth of AC LED Players
• Driven by: – Cost (component reduction)
– Reliability (reduced components)
– Size (PSU real estate)
– Performance
– Simplicity(= speed of design)
• Applications: – Lamps/Light bulbs and Tubes
– General lighting fixtures – Downlight, Ceiling Fan
– Outdoor – Parking, Garden Lighting
Feb 2014 29
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
AC LED Players 1 3 8 20 23 29 33 36
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
AC LED Players
Extracted from LEDs Magazine
Buyers Guide
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
Direct Connect AC Light Engines – back to the simple light bulb …
• Direct Connect AC LED = •
•
•
•
•
• Warm on Dim •
Feb 2014
30
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
10 100 1000
% CCT Shift vs. perceived brightness
CCT
CC
T % Sh
ift Cool
Warm Lumens
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
Direct Connect AC LED –
Prime Applications
• Attributes •
•
•
•
•
•
.
Feb 2014 31
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
Applications: 12V AC LED Conversion
32
DC Solution 3 DC LEDs, 4 Caps,
1 Transistor, 1 Inductor & 5 Diodes
AC Solution - A 3 AC LED, 3 Resistor
(Option for 1 Resistor)
AC Solution - B 1 AC LED COB , 1 Resistor
3 Watt Puck
Feb 2014
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014 33
DC Solution 1 DC LED, 1 Cap,
1 Transistor, 1 Inductor & 2 Diodes
AC Solution 1 AC LED, 1 Resistor
1 Watt Accent Light
Applications: 12V AC LED Conversion
Feb 2014
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
Applications: 12V AC LED Conversion
34
DC Solution 15 Components including
Capacitor, transistors, inductors & diodes
AC Solution 1 AC COB LED, 1 Resistor
7 Watt MR16
Feb 2014
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
AC Direct Connect – Prime Applications
Feb 2014 35
• Attributes •
•
•
•
•
•
• Segments •
– Cost, Simplicity, Reliability •
– GU10, MR11, MR16, G4/T5 Capsules, festoons …
•– Cost, Simplicity, safety (50/60Hz & Class 2/SELV hf Transformers)
• (PSU weight, cost,
reliability)
• (PSU bulk & Cost)
• - (PSU Bulk, Cost & Reliability)
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
AC LED Technology Driving Mass Adoption for the Consumer market
• Savings & Benefits (cost, space, reliability & infrastructure compatibility) for low & line voltage
• Paradigm Shift away from Electronics in Consumer Lighting Products
• Accelerating Change resulting from GaN Cost Down substituting Silicon Electronics
• AC LED Technology is adding significant value to emerging volume Consumer lighting markets
Feb 2014 36
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
AC LED Technology Driving Mass Adoption for the Consumer market
• Savings & Benefits (cost, space, reliability & infrastructure compatibility) for low & line voltage
• Paradigm Shift away from Electronics in Consumer Lighting Products
• Accelerating Change resulting from GaN Cost Down substituting Silicon Electronics
• AC LED Technology is adding significant value to emerging volume Consumer lighting markets
• Direct Connect AC LED Technology
Evolving as a Driving Force – to Mass Adoption of Consumer LED Lighting
Feb 2014 37
© Lynk Labs 2009 Lynk Labs 2014
Bob Kottritsch Vice President EMEA
AC LED Technology Driving Mass Adoption for the
Consumer market
Thank You
From Filament to Quantum Well – The emergence of LEDs as today’s best light source.
When Edison first invented the electric light bulb, he had a delightfully simple concept; to “burn”
electricity just like the gas lamp before it had burnt hydrocarbons - to produce heat and almost
incidentally light.
We have come a long way in converting electricity to light since then. The latest innovation, the LED,
owes it genesis to the high tech semiconductor industry. Perhaps that is a misfortune, since it has
inevitably led the industry along a very electronics rich path to high efficiency lighting. As the
market for LED based lighting is about to dominate the lighting industry, perhaps this is a good time
to question why a simple light bulb should have become so complicated.
An LED looks very much like a simple resistive solid state filament – with a voltage offset. Why then
is it so difficult to make a simple LED bulb without the complex and high tech drive schemes which
prevail today?
In this talk we look at the evolution of light sources which has culminated in today’s high tech – high
spec LED lighting industry and explore why LED technology is a better solution for many applications
than previous forms of lighting. We will then move on to understand the latest trend to “Driver
Free” LED lighting and examine some of the advantages and a few of the challenges to dispensing
with electronics in the humble light bulb.
ooo00OOO00ooo
Bob Kottritsch is a Vice President of Lynk Labs Inc. – one of the founding
innovators in AC LEDs. He is one of the lead technology innovators in the
company and is also responsible for EMEA business. Originally a physicist,
Bob has held top management positions in a number of technology
companies in several continents. A Chartered Electrical Engineer and
Member of the IET, he holds a Master’s Degree in Physics and Electronics
(Cambridge University, UK) and an MBA (CASS business school, UK). Bob is
also a Fellow of the Institute of Directors and of the Chartered Management
Institute.