With new weapon technologies and better mobility on the battlefield, European governments started

supporting _____, or when joining the military becomes an occupation.

Standing Armies

France had the largest standing army with over 400,000 soldiers!

Believing England had become “too Protestant”, King Phillip of Spain sent

a(n) _____________________ with the intent to attack and take back England

in the name of Catholicism.

Armada

An armada is a fleet of warships. Phillip sent a grand armada to invade England. The English had smaller, faster ships and better cannons. The English defeated the much larger, powerful navy and thus the

power in Europe shifted from Spain to England

Using many of the ideas from the writings of _____________, such as

freedom, equality and the natural rights of people, Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence on July 4th,

1776.

John Locke

His ideas are found in the Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution.

As a response to the growing crises in Europe, many countries would increase the power of the monarchs. This ideal is

known as __________________.

Absolutism

The best example of this is King Louis XIV of France. Other absolute rulers in Europe would be Czar Peter of Russia

and Frederick William of Austria.

Up to this point in history (1600’s), the __________________________ was the most

destructive conflict Europe had ever seen. New weapon technology such as flintlock pistols and muskets fitted with

bayonets were introduced.

Thirty Years War

Because new weaponry and tactics were introduced, soldiers had to be well

trained. Following this conflict, governments started to support

standing armies.

The English Revolution (aka the English Civil War) was a struggle for power between the _______________ and

______________.

King and Parliament

The King was part of the Church of England and a Catholic sympathizer.

Parliament, on the other hand, was made up of many Protestants who did not

appreciate the King’s stance on religion and politics. The Protestants won and

they even beheaded king Charles!

Prior to the American Revolution, the ______________________ was fought

between the English and French over territorial disputes in the colonies (New

World).

The French and Indian War

Despite winning the war, England more than doubled it’s national debt which

led them to taxing the colonies. Taxation without representation is a major reason why the colonies would

then revolt.

During this time period, people tried to think in different ways and apply those

methods to solve government problems, issues of peace, poverty, etc.

This intellectual movement is better known as the ________________.

Enlightenment

One of the main causes of the American Revolution was the ________________. These actions cut off the Boston harbor so no ship could get in or out, said that town meetings could only be held once a year, and worst of all, included the Quartering Act which

forced the colonists to house British soldiers in their home!

Intolerable Acts

Czar Peter the Great, the absolute ruler of Russia, was significant for

“Europeanizing” or modernizing Russia, strengthening the army and also

establishing the first Russian ____________.

Navy

Peter did many great things throughout his rule, but perhaps the most significant

was the establishment of the Russian navy. This made Russia a significant

power in Europe.

The _________________ was signed in 1783 and officially ended the American

Revolution and recognized the American colonies' independence.

Treaty of Paris

The Americans defeated and forced the British surrender at Yorktown in 1781,

but the treaty was not signed until 2 years

after in 1783.

King Louis XIV of France was a great example of why future revolutions would occur. While he did many great things to

strengthen his country, he also spent lavishly and waged war.

At his death, he left France severely ______________ and ________________.

At his death, he left France severely in debt and surrounded

by enemies.

As we all know, the Declaration of Independence is celebrated for being

signed on July 4th, 1776. In reality, only two people signed the document that day. Most

others signed the document on August 2, 1776.

Who were the two?

John HancockPresident of Congress

Charles Thomson Secretary of

Congress