WORLD HISTORY II Chapter 4: The Age of Absolutism Section 3: Parliament Triumphs in England.
Global History Summer Review. Unit 11 - Absolutism.
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Transcript of Global History Summer Review. Unit 11 - Absolutism.
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Global History Summer Review
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Unit 11 - Absolutism
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Timeline
1500 1525 1550 1575 1600 1625 1650 1675 1700
Ferdinand &
Isabella of Spain
Charles V of
Spain
Phillip II of Spain
Akbar the Great of India Louis XIV of France
Peter the Great of Russia
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Important Concepts
Monarchy
Divine Right
Absolutism
Machiavelli
Thomas Hobbes
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First thing’s first: What is a monarchy?
A type of government
Where the ruler inherits power through the family line
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Real Life Example?
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Divine RightBelief that kings
were allowed to rule by God
What was this idea called in China?
Mandate of Heaven!
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Bishop Jacques-Benigne Bossuet, 1679
“Behold an immense people united in a single person; behold this holy power, paternal and absolute…
you see the image of God in the king, and you have the idea of royal majesty.
• Kings, exercise your power then boldly, for it is divine and salutary for human kind...”
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AbsolutismWhen monarchs
ruled with total power (aka centralized power)
What can an absolute king do?
ABSOLUTELY ANTHING!!!
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Can an absolute monarch…
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Machiavelli
Wrote The Prince
A guide for rulers
Better to be FEARED than LOVED
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Thomas Hobbes
Wrote The Leviathan
Life without government is “nasty, brutish, and short”
And “A war of every man against every other man”
Said people need a strong ruler to control society
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Famous Absolute
Rulers
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Absolute Ruler
Where Major Contribution
Results of Contribution
Ferdinand and Isabella
Spain
Sponsored voyages of Columbus
Brought land & wealth to Spain, made them powerful
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Absolute Ruler
Where Major Contribution
Results of Contribution
Charles V Spai
nFought off the Ottoman Empire
Kept Europe safe from the Ottomans (Muslims)
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Absolute Ruler
Where Major Contribution
Results of Contribution
Philip II Spain
Spent Spain’s wealth defending the Catholic Church
Spain lost its power and became weaker
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Absolute Ruler
Where Major Contribution
Results of Contribution
Akbar the Great
India Organized the Empire of India
Made India a power in Southern Asia
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Absolute Ruler
Where Major Contribution
Results of Contribution
Louis XIV Franc
e
Built the Palace of Versailles and fought many wars
High taxes made poor people even poorer and angry
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Absolute Ruler
Where Major Contribution
Results of Contribution
Peter the Great
Russia
Introduced Western culture to Russia
Modernized the culture of Russia (westernization)
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England
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Step 1: Magna CartaWhat happened:
(1215) Magna Carta written – signed by King John I of England & LIMITED POWER OF ENGLISH KINGS
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Which is like
Result:
Parliament was created to make the laws and watch the king
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Everybody must be Anglican insteadof Roman Catholic
That is not fair!
Step 2: The English Civil War
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I answer only to God!Divine Right!
You answer to the people!It’s in the Magna Carta!
Step 2: The English Civil War
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This is WAR!
What happened: King Charles I, claimed divine right and abolished Parliament
I refuse to listen to Parliament!
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English Civil WarWho won?
Parliament, led by Oliver Cromwell and…
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They put the king on trial
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Result: The monarchy was replaced by a “commonwealth” (a republic)
Led by Cromwell
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Step 3: The “Restoration”
What happened:
Result:
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Cromwell became power hungry so…
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Parliament invited Charles II to return as King.
King Charles II
Charles shared power with Parliament.
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The “Merrie Monarch”
Parliament invited Charles II to return as King.
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Step 4: The Glorious Revolution
What happened:
Charles II’s son James was too absolute
Protestants William and Mary were asked by Parliament to take the throne
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Glorious Revolution of 1688Called “Glorious” because there was hardly any
bloodshed
James II abdicated the throne (fled)
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And two rulers were invited to take over, but first:
William and Mary agreed to sign the English Bill of Rights and share power with the Parliament
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TodayEngland has a “Limited
Constitutional Monarchy”
Parliament has the real power (not the king/queen)
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Essential QuestionHow did the rule of absolute monarchs in the
16th and 17th centuries reflect the ideas expressed in Machiavelli’s book The Prince and in the writings of Thomas Hobbes?