Aboriginal Data at Statistics Canada€¦ · •Rating of ability •Importance of Aboriginal...

Aboriginal Data at Statistics Canada

www.statcan.gc.ca

Telling Canada’s story in numbers

Quebec Inter-University Center For Social Statistics

Michael Wendt

June 8, 2017

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Outline

StatisticsCanada•StatistiqueCanada

• AboutStatisticsCanada• AboriginaldatasourcesatStatisticsCanada

• Census/NationalHouseholdSurvey• AboriginalPeoplesSurvey(APS)• AboriginalChildren’sSurvey(ACS)• Othersources

• Upcomingsurveys• HowtoaccessStatisticsCanadadata

StatisticsCanada•StatistiqueCanada 3

Statistics Canada• MandatedtoprovidestatisticalinformationandanalysisaboutCanada’seconomicandsocialstructureandtopromotesoundstatisticalstandardsandpractices

• AboriginalStatisticsProgramistheAgency’sleadforsocialstatisticsontheAboriginalpopulation(FirstNations,MétisandInuit)

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Aboriginal data sources at Statistics Canada


• Census/NationalHouseholdSurvey(NHS)• AboriginalPeoplesSurvey(APS)• AboriginalChildren’sSurvey(ACS)• OtherSurveyData

• CanadianCommunityHealthSurvey(CCHS)• Labour ForceSurvey(LFS)• GeneralSocialSurvey(GSS)

• Administrativedatasources

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Census/National Household Survey


• Basic demographics• Families and

households• Language• Education• Mobility/migration• Income

• Ethnic/culturalancestry

• Placeofwork• Housingandshelter

costs

• Providesastatisticalportraitofthecountryeveryfiveyears• Qualityestimatesforsmallgeographicareas,smallpopulation

groups,unitsofanalysis(individuals,households,families)• Datainclude:

Living Arrangements of Aboriginal children aged 14 and under, 2016


“Lessthanone-halfofAboriginalchildreninfostercarelivewithatleastoneadultwithanAboriginalidentity.”

Aboriginal Peoples Survey• SurveyofsocialandeconomicconditionsofFirstNationspeoplelivingoff-reserve,Métis,andInuit


• FourcyclescurrentlyavailableinRDCs• 1991,2001and2006cyclesofAPS

– Omnibusapproach– Dataoneducation,employment,health,housing,language,mobility

• 2012cycleoftheAPS– Thematicapproachwithspecificfocusoneducationandemployment,withhealthsupplement

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Aboriginal Peoples Survey 2012


• FirstNationspeoplelivingoffreserve,MétisandInuit,aged6yearsandover

• Sample ofmorethan50,000allowsestimatestobeproducedbyregion,Aboriginalgroup,educationgroup

• Regions: Provinces(Atlanticprovincesgrouped),Territories,4Inuitregions• Aboriginal groups:FirstNations(withorwithoutregisteredIndianstatus),Métis,Inuit• Educationgroup:Currentlyattendinggrades1to6,grades7to12,Thosewithhighschool

completion,Thosewithouthighschoolcompletion(notcurrentlyattendingschool)

• Excludes reservesandselectedFirstNationscommunitiesinYukonandNWT

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• Samplesurveywithacross-sectionaldesign• Sampleselectedfromreportedanswerstothe2011NHS:

• ReportedidentifyingasFirstNations,Métis,orInuit• Reported beingaStatusIndian• Reported beingamemberofaFirstNationorIndianband• Reported Aboriginalancestry

• FinaleditedAPS mastermicrodatafilelinkedwith2011NHSDisseminationDatabase,>100NHSvariablesaddedtothefinalAPSfile

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Questionnairecontentforchildren(6-14yearsold):• Education:earlychildhooddevelopment,numberofschools

attended,schoolclimate,Aboriginallanguageinstruction,extra-curricularactivities,peerinfluences,grades,additionalhelpandtutoring,parentalinvolvement,schoolabsences

• Health:parent-ratedhealth,height&weight,chronicconditions,injuries,healthcare,dentalcare,foodsecurity

• Aboriginallanguages• Mobility• Housing

11StatisticsCanada•StatistiqueCanada

“Basedonfourmeasuresofschoolsuccess,off-reserveFirstNationsstudentswhoweremovershadlessfavourableoutcomesthanthosewhowerenon-movers.”

School mobility and educational outcomes of off-reserve FirstNations students, 2015

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Focusonfactorsassociatedwithhighschoolcompletion:• Numberofschoolsattended,attendanceinaFN

community,Aboriginallanguageinstruction,repeatingagrade,gradeaverage,additionalhelpandtutoring,schoolclimate,supportofFirstNations/Métis/Inuitculture,personalsupport,familyinvolvement,frequencyofreading,extra-curricularactivities,peerinfluences,“droppingout”

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The Education and Employment Experiences of First Nations People Living Off Reserve, Inuit, and Métis, 2013


“Métiscompletersweremorelikelythanleaverstohaveparticipatedinasportorphysicalactivity,inanart,dramaormusicgroup,andinaschoolgrouporclubatleastonceaweekduringtheirlastyearofschool.Inaddition,completersweremorelikelythanleaverstohavevolunteeredatleastonceaweek.”

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Healthsupplement:• Self-ratedhealthstatus• Pregnancyandchildbirth• Heightandweight• Accesstohealthprofessionals

(familydoctor,nurse,dental)• Unmethealthneeds• Mental health,Distressscale,

Suicide

• Health behaviours(smoking,alcoholuse)

• Injuries• Chronic conditions• Communitysupport

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Aboriginal Peoples Survey 2012 - The Social Determinants of Higher Mental Distress among Inuit, 2015


“Toexplorethesocialdeterminantsofhighermentaldistress,associationswereexaminedbetweenhighermentaldistressandsocialdeterminantsofInuithealth,whichwereadaptedfromInuitTapiriit Kanatami’s conceptualmodelontheSocialDeterminantsofInuitHealth.Thisconceptualmodelwasusedasthetheoreticalframeworkforthelogisticregressionanalysis.”

Keyfindings:• Chronicconditionsandfoodinsecuritywere

keypredictorsofmentaldistressforInuitmen• Healthcareaccessandchronicconditions

werestronglyassociatedwithmentaldistressamongInuitwomen

APS Data Analysis: Research Potential Education

• Highestlevelofcompletion• Schoolexperiences• Plansforfuture• Post-secondaryfunding

Labour• Labourforcestatus• Howlookingforwork• Durationofunemployment• Workingfull-time/part-time• Industryandoccupation• Jobtenure• Labourmobility

Health• Generalhealth• Pregnancyandchildbirth• Heightandweight• Chronicconditions• Injuries• Mentalhealth,distressscale,suicide

• Smoking,alcoholconsumption,druguse

• Foodsecurity• Communitysupport• Residentialschoolattendance


APS Data Analysis: Research Potential Demographics

• Aboriginalidentity• BillC-31,BillC-3• Householdcomposition

Income• Sources• Personalincome,employmentincome

Mobility• Howlonglivedincurrentlycity/town/community

• LivinginFirstNationsandInuitcommunities

• Reasonsformoving

• FrequencyofmovingAboriginallanguages

• Ratingofability• ImportanceofAboriginallanguage

Housing• Owned/rented• Crowding• Subsidizedhousing• Inneedofmajorrepairs

TraditionalActivities• Hunting,fishing,trapping,gatheringwildplants,makingclothingorfootwear,makingartsorcrafts


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Aboriginal Children’s Survey 2006


• FirstNationspeoplelivingoffreserve,MétisandInuit,under6yearsofage

Dataincludes:• Childbehavior

(GoodmanStrengthsandDifficultiesQuestionnaire(SDQ))

• Sleep• Nutrition• Development• Nurturing

• Childcare• Language• Activities• Parent/guardianand

neighbourhoodorcommunityinformation

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Aboriginal Children’s Survey 2006


• ChildcareforFirstNationschildrenlivingoffreserve,Métischildren,andInuitchildren

• DietaryhabitsofAboriginalchildren• HealthofFirstNationschildrenlivingoffreserveandMétischildrenyoungerthanage6

• MeasuresoflanguageoutcomesusingtheAboriginalChildren'sSurvey

• SelectedfindingsofAboriginalChildren'sSurvey2006:FamilyandCommunity

• ThephysicalandmentalhealthofInuitchildrenofteenagemothers

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Association between breastfeeding and select chronic conditions among off-reserve First Nations, Métis and Inuit children in Canada


“Breastfedchildrenwerefoundtohavealowerprevalenceofasthma/chronicbronchitis.Amongoff-reserveFirstNationschildren,forinstance,14%ofthosewhowereonlybottle-fedhadasthma/chronicbronchitis,comparedwith10%ofthosewhowereonlybreastfed.”

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Additional Aboriginal data sources at Statistics Canada


• CanadianCommunityHealthSurvey(CCHS)• LabourForceSurvey(LFS)• GeneralSocialSurvey(GSS)• Administrativedatasources,suchastheUniformCrimeReportingandHomicideSurvey

• ProjectionsoftheAboriginalPopulationsandHouseholds

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Labour Force Survey


• Conductedmonthlyinboththeprovincesandterritories;Aboriginalpersonslivingonreserveareexcludedfromthesurvey

• About4,800personsself-identifyasAboriginaleachmonth• halfidentifyasFirstNationspeople,slightlylessthanhalfas

Métis,andthesmallremainderasInuitorotherAboriginal

• MostanalysisofAboriginalpopulationsisdoneusinga12monthmovingaverage

• LFS‘annual’sampleislargeenoughforreasonablequalityestimatesbyFirstNationsandMétisattheCanadaandProvinciallevel

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Labour Force Survey


Majortopics:Labour marketactivitiesEmploymentandunemploymentHoursofworkandworkarrangementsIndustriesOccupationsWages,salariesandotherearningsEducation

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Estimates from the Labour Force Survey, 2007-2015 Changes over time in employment rate by Aboriginal status


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Estimates from the Labour Force Survey, 2007-2015 Changes over time in unemployment rate by Aboriginal status


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Estimates from the Labour Force Survey, 2007-2015 Changes over time in participation rate by Aboriginal status



Homicide Survey • Collectspolice-reporteddataonthecharacteristicsofallhomicideincidents,victimsandaccusedpersonsinCanada

• StatisticsCanadawiththecooperationofpoliceservicesacrossthecountryisnowabletoreportAboriginalidentityofbothvictimsandaccusedofhomicide

• Allowsustoobtainaclearunderstandingofwhoismostatriskofbeingahomicidevictim


Homicide Survey Homicides involving Aboriginal victims

• One-quarterofhomicidevictimswereAboriginalin2015

• Homiciderateaboutseventimeshigherthanthatofnon-Aboriginalpeople

• Aboriginalmalesatgreatestriskofbeingahomicidevictim(12.85per100,000population)7timesgreaterthannon-aboriginalmales

• OnethirdofpeopleaccusedofhomicidewereAboriginal

• In2015,29%ofmalesaccusedofhomicideand61%offemalesaccusedofhomicidewereAboriginal

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General Social Survey (GSS)


Data on social trends since 1985

• EachGeneralSocialSurvey(GSS)cyclecontainsacoretopicandastandardsetofsociodemographicquestions,mosttopicsarerepeatedevery5years

• Solesourceofdata,orleadingsourceofdata,onmanytopicsofimportancetoCanadians

• Informspolicyandprogramdevelopment• Providesinternationalcomparisons

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GSS


•Targetpopulation§ Populationaged15andolder,livinginthe10provincesofCanada,andnotresidingininstitutions

§ Victimizationcyclesometimesincludestheterritories§ Approximately20,000-25,000completedinterviews§ Samplebuy-insarewelcome:GSSstandardsamplesizegenerallydoesnotsupportsmallareaorsmallpopulationestimates

•Currentinnovations§ ElectronicQuestionnaires(EQ)willbeusedforallcycles2018andonwards(havebeenusedsince2013forsomecycles)

§ On-goingeffortstoreduceresponseburden(e.g.recordlinkage)

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Victimization of Aboriginal people in Canada, 2014


In2014,theoverallrateofviolenceamongAboriginalpeoplewasmorethandoublethatofnon-Aboriginalpeople(163violentincidentsper1,000peopleversus74violentincidentsper1,000people).Regardlessofthetypeofoffence,ratesofvictimizationintheprovincesandterritorieswerealmostalwayshigherforAboriginalpeoplethannon-Aboriginalpeople.

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Victimization of Aboriginal people in Canada, 2014


RiskofviolentvictimizationremainsforAboriginalfemalesevenwhencontrollingforotherfactors.

ProjectionsAboriginal people: a young but aging population in coming years

Distribution(perthousand)oftheAboriginalidentitypopulationbyageandsex,Canada,2011andprojectedin2036

33Source:StatisticsCanada.2015.ProjectionsoftheAboriginalPopulationandHouseholdsinCanada,2011to2036,Catalogueno.91-552(selected projectionsscenarios)

2006 Census linked to the Discharge Abstract Database

Housing conditions and respiratory hospitalizations among First Nations people in Canada

• The2006Census(long-form)waslinkedtotheDischargeAbstractDatabase(DAD)(2006/2007to2008/2009)

• TheDADisprovidedannuallytoStatisticsCanadabytheCanadianInstituteforHealthInformation§ containsdemographic,administrativeandclinicaldataondischargesfromallacutecarehospitalsandsomepsychiatric,chronicrehabilitationandday-surgeryfacilitiesinallprovincesandterritoriesexceptQuebec

Housing conditions and respiratory hospitalizations among First Nations people in Canada

• Ruralon-reserveFirstNationspeopleweremorelikelythannon-Aboriginalpeopletobehospitalizedforarespiratorytractinfection(1.5%versus0.5%)orforasthma(0.2%versus0.1%).

• Forrespiratorytractinfectionhospitalizations,adjustmentforhousingconditions,householdincomeandresidentiallocationreduceddifferences,buttheoddsremainednearlythreetimeshigherforon-reserveFirstNationspeopleandtwotimeshigherforoff-reserveFirstNationspeople(OR=2.03;CI:1.87to2.21),comparedwiththenon-Aboriginalcohort.

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Upcoming


• Census2016• AboriginalPeoplesSurvey2017• NunavutSupplement

2017 Aboriginal Peoples Survey• Sampleofabout48,000allowingestimatestobeproducedbyregionandAboriginalgroup

• ExcludesreservesandselectedFirstNationscommunitiesinYukon&NWT

• Theme:EconomicParticipation– Focusonemployment,skillsandtraining(withhealthsupplement)

• CollectionJanuary2017• DatareleaseFall2018

StatisticsCanada•Statistique Canada 38

Content of 2017 APS• Barriersandleverstoeconomicparticipation• Labourmobility• Entrepreneurship• Postsecondaryeducation• Targetedskillstraining• Economicwell-being+ CoreContent+ Healthsupplement


Nunavut Supplement• NunavutLandClaimsAgreement(NLCA):increaseInuit

participationingovernmentemploymentinNunavuttoarepresentativelevel.

• Twosurveyprojectstodetermineavailability,interestandlevelofpreparednessofInuitforgovernmentemployment:– additionalquestionstothe2017APSforNunavut– anelectronicNunavutGovernmentEmployeeSurvey

• DatawillassistESDCandtheGovernmentofNunavut(GN)todevelopInuitemploymentplansandpre-employmenttraining.


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How to access Statistics Canada data


• StatisticsCanadawebsitewww.statcan.gc.ca• Customtabulations• Microdata files

• PublicUseMicrodata files(PUMFs)• Realtimeremoteaccess(RTRA)• ResearchDataCentres

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How to access Statistics Canada data


• APSPublicUseMicrodataFiles• 2012,2006(ChildrenandYouth),2006(Adults)

• APSRDCfiles• 1991,2001,2006,2012

• ACSRDCfile• 2006

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Questions / Comments?

• For access to articles and data on Aboriginal peoples, visit www.statcan.gc.ca/aboriginalpeoples

• Visit our website www.statcan.gc.ca/aps to access information on the APS

• Client Services at Social and Aboriginal Statistics DivisionEmail: statcan.sasdclientservices-dsseaserviceaclientele.statcan@canada.ca

Aboriginal Data at Statistics Canada€¦ · •Rating of ability •Importance of Aboriginal...

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