A.A B.B C.C Section 1-Polling QuestionSection 1-Polling Question What do you typically do when you...

A. A

B. B

C. C

What do you typically do when you feel you are being treated unfairly?

A. Just accept it and say nothing

B. Calmly present your grievances to the person treating you unfairly

C. Angrily confront the person treating you unfairly A B C

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Chapter 5 The Spirit of Independence (1763-1776)

Section 1 Taxation Without Representation

Chapter Time Line

Following the French and Indian War, how did the British government anger the American colonists?

Proclamation of 1763• Britain gained a vast territory

after the French and Indian War

• The Proclamation of 1763 prohibitedprohibited colonists to move west of the Appalachian Mountains

• Britain did this to protect its citizens from Native American attacks

• Also the Proclamation kept settlers near the coast where there would be more trade of British goods

• The Proclamation also allowed Britain to control the fur trade on the frontier

Britain’s Interests• Britain planned on stationing

10,000 troops in the colonies to protect these interests (Quartering Act)

• Britain needed new revenuerevenue (incoming money) to pay troop expenses

• Also the French and Indian War left Britain with a huge debt

• The king and Parliament believed the colonists should pay for part of the cost

• New taxes on the colonies were introduced along with enforcing existing taxes more strictly

Britain’s Trade Law• 1763- Britain decided to act

against smuggling• Smuggling lost Britain

revenue• American juries often found

smugglers innocent• The prime minister of Britain

(George Grenville) convinced Parliament to pass a law allowing smugglers to have a trial by British officers

• 1767- Parliament authorized writs of assistancewrits of assistance

• Allowed customs officials to enter any location to search for smuggled goods

The Sugar Act (1764)• Lowered the tax on

imported molasses• Prime Minister Grenville

hoped the lower tax would convince the colonists to pay the tax instead of smuggling

• The act also let officers seize goods from smugglers without going to court

• Colonists felt these actions violatedviolated their rights as English citizens

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

A B

C

D

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What was the purpose of the Sugar Act?

A. To raise taxes on imported molasses

B. To lower taxes on imported molasses

C. To prohibit trade with countries that sold sugar

D. To encourage trade with countries that sold sugar

The Stamp ActStamp Act (1765)• Tax on almost all printed

materials• Newspapers, wills, and

playing cards• All printed materials had to

have a stamp• British officials applied the

stamp after the tax was paid• Opposition to the Stamp Act

centered on two points– 1. Parliament had interfered in

colonial affairs by taxing the colonies directly

– 2. It taxed colonists without their consent

Protesting the Stamp Act• Patrick Henry, a member of

Virginia’s House of Burgesses, persuaded the Burgesses to take action against the Stamp Act

• The Virginia assembly passed a resolutionresolution (a formal expression of opinion)

• Declared that Virginia’s assembly had “the only and sole exclusive right and power to lay taxes” on it citizens

Protesting the Stamp Act in Boston• Samuel AdamsSamuel Adams started

the Sons of Liberty• People in other cities

also organize the Sons of Liberty groups

• Protesters burned effigieseffigies (rag figures)

• Effigies represented tax collectors

• Protestors also destroyed houses belonging to royal officials

Stamp Act Congress• In October 1765

• Nine colonies sent delegates to New York

• Drafted a petition to the king and Parliament

• Declared that the colonists could only be taxed by their own assemblies

More Protests Against The Stamp Act• People refused to use the

stamps• Urged merchants to boycottboycott

(refuse to buy) British and European goods

• Thousands of merchants signed nonimportationnonimportation agreements

• British merchants lost business and begged Parliament to repealrepeal the Stamp Act

• March 1766- Stamp Act was repealed

• The same day Parliament passed the Declaratory Act

• Declaratory Act- Said the Parliament had the right to tax and make decisions for the British colonies “in all cases”

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

A B

C

D

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Which law stated that Parliament had the right to tax and make decisions for the British colonies “in all cases”?

A. Proclamation of 1763

B. Stamp Act

C. Declaratory Act

D. Townshend Acts

The Townshend Acts (1767)• British leaders knew that

colonists would resist internal taxes

• Charles Townshend had an idea to tax the colonists “without offense”

• Townshend Acts put a tax on imported goods such as glass, tea, and paper

• Tax was paid at the port of entry

• By this time, anyany British taxes angered the colonists

Protesting the Townshend Acts• Colonists felt that only

their own representatives had the right to tax them

• The colonists organized another boycott

• Women formed groups (Daughters of Liberty)

• These women urged Americans to wear homemade fabrics

• Also to produce other goods they needed rather than buy British goods

Following the French and Indian War, how did the British government anger the American colonists?

-Parliament believed the colonists should pay for some of Britain’s War debt. Parliament issued the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, and Townshend Acts, which increased the colonists’ anger. They issued boycotts and non importation agreements.

Chapter 5 Section 1 Quiz

Writs of assistance enabled British customs officers to search

fore

igner

s.

fore

ign g

oods.

peo

ple fo

r cont

raban

d.

hom

es fo

r sm

uggle...

25% 25%25%25%1. foreigners.

2. foreign goods.

3. people for contraband.

4. homes for smuggled goods.

The colonists paid lower taxes on molasses because of the

Sugar

Act

.

Sta

mp

Act.

Pro

clam

atio

n of 1

763.

writ

of a

ssis

tance

.

25% 25%25%25%1. Sugar Act.

2. Stamp Act.

3. Proclamation of 1763.

4. writ of assistance.

Which act taxed colonists without their consent?

Townsh

end A

cts

Sugar

Act

Sta

mp

Act

Dec

lara

tory

Act

25% 25%25%25%1. Townshend Acts

2. Sugar Act

3. Stamp Act

4. Declaratory Act

Goods being imported to the colonies were taxed by the

Sta

mp

Act.

Dec

lara

tory

Act

.

Sugar

Act

.

Townsh

end A

cts.

25% 25%25%25%1. Stamp Act.

2. Declaratory Act.

3. Sugar Act.

4. Townshend Acts.

Which act stated that Parliament did have the right to tax colonists?

Sta

mp

Act

Townsh

end A

cts

Dec

lara

tory

Act

Sugar

Act

25% 25%25%25%1. Stamp Act

2. Townshend Acts

3. Declaratory Act

4. Sugar Act

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

How would you most likely respond to taunting?

A. Ignore it

B. Cry

C. Respond verbally

D. Respond violently


Section 2 Building Colonial Unity

How did the colonists react to British policies?

Trouble in Boston• By 1768, protests by the

colonists were making British colonial officials nervous

• Colonies were on the brink of rebellion

• Parliament sent troops to Boston

• Colonists felt the British pushed them too far

• First the British had passed laws that violated colonial rights

• Now they sent an army to occupyoccupy (control) colonial cities

Making Matters Worse

• The soldiers in Boston acted rudely

• Sometimes even violently toward colonists

• The Redcoats earned little pay• Some stole goods from local

shops• Some fought with boys who

taunted them• The soldiers often competed

for jobs that Bostonians wanted

Problems Continue• March 5, 1770- A fight

between Bostonians and the soldiers

• A man shouts “We did not send for you. We will not have you here. We will get rid of you, we’ll drive you away!”

• The angry townspeople move toward the customhouse, where taxes were collected

• Picked up stones, sticks, clubs, and snowballs

• The sentry panicked and called for help

The Crowd Grows• The crowd starts

throwing snowballs and other objects

• Yelling at the crowd “Fire you bloodybacks, you lobsters”

• “You dare not fire.”• A soldier gets

knocked down• The soldiers got

nervous

The Boston Massacre• The soldiers fired• Killed 5 colonists• One Bostonian cried: “Are

the inhabitants to be knocked down in the streets?”

• “Are they to be murdered?”• Among the dead was

Crispus AttucksCrispus Attucks, a dockworker who was part African, part Native American

• The tragic encounterencounter (unexpected meeting) was called the Boston Massacre

The Word Spreads• The killings were used as

propagandapropaganda by colonial leaders• Information made to influence

public opinion• Paul Revere made an engraving

of the event• Showed the British firing on an

orderly crowd• Boycotts spread after this and

Parliament repealed the Townshend Acts

• Only the tax on tea remained• Trade with Britain continued• Some colonial leaders called for

resistance to British rule• Committees of Committees of

CorrespondenceCorrespondence were set up

A Crisis Over Tea• 1773- The British East India

Company faced ruin• To save the company,

Parliament passed the Tea Tea ActAct

• Gave the company a monopoly on tea trade

• Made tea cheaper than smuggled tea, but helped the British

• Colonists vowed to stop the Company’s ships from unloading

• People stopped drinking tea (Many started drinking coffee)

More Tea Crisis• Ships were sent

away

• Cargoes of tea was unloaded in damp cellars making it rot

• Three tea ships arrived in Boston in late 1773

• The Royal governor refused to let them leave and ordered them to be unloaded

Unloading The Tea• The Sons of Liberty

“helped” unload the tea• December 16th- Men

disguised as Mohawks boarded the ships at midnight

• Threw 342 chests of tea overboard

• Became known as the Boston Tea Party

• Colonists gathered to celebrate

• No one wanted to break with Britain

• Most saw themselves as British citizens

King George IIIKing George III• Heard the news of the

Boston Tea Party• He realized he was

losing control of the colonies

• King George III said “We must master them or totally leave them alone”

• British Government passed the Coercive Acts in 1774

• Intended to punish the colonists

Coercive Acts• Closed Boston

Harbor until the tea was paid for

• Town meetings were banned in New England

• Bostonians had to shelter (Quarter) soldiers

• Boston was isolated, but other colonies sent food and clothing to support Boston

• Parliament then passed the Quebec Act

Quebec Act• Set up a government

for Quebec• Gave Quebec the area

west of the Appalachians and north of the Ohio River

• This ignored colonial claims of this area

• The colonists expressed their feelings in their name for the new laws

• The Intolerable Acts

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

What did the colonists call the new laws passed by the British government?

A. The Intolerable Acts

B. The Revolutionary Acts

C. The Boston Massacre

D. The Coercive Acts

How did the colonists react to British policies?

-Colonists objected to the occupation of Boston and used the Boston Massacre as anti-British Propaganda.

-The Tea Act spurred protest throughout the colonies, but especially in Massachusetts, where colonists staged the Boston Tea Party.

-The Coercive Acts led other colonies to support Massachusetts and oppose British policies.

Twenty colonists were killed during the Boston Massacre.

A. True

B. False

Boycotts following the Boston Massacre helped repeal the Townshend Acts.

A. True

B. False

The committee of correspondence was a system of letter writing between the colonial

governors and the king.A. True

B. False

At the time of the Boston Tea Party, most colonists still considered themselves as

British citizens.A. True

B. False

Parliament successfully isolated Boston from the rest of the colonies by passing the

Coercive Acts.A. True

B. False

When Britain learned that the colonies were on the brink of rebellion in 1768, Parliament

responded byA. closing Boston

Harbor.

B. sending a letter to the colonies.

C. sending troops to Boston.

D. doing nothing.

Anti-British feelings among the colonists grew more intense because of propaganda

like Paul Revere's engraving of theA. Boston Massacre.

B. Intolerable Acts.

C. Liberty Affair.

D. Boston Tea Party.

Which act gave the East India Company an advantage over colonial merchants?

A. Sugar Act

B. Declaratory Act

C. Tea Act

D. Stamp Act

Some colonists celebrated the dramatic act of defiance known as the

A. Intolerable Acts.

B. Coercive Acts.

C. Boston Massacre.

D. Boston Tea Party.

The colonial name for laws that banned town meetings in New England was

A. the Navigation Acts.

B. the Intolerable Acts.

C. the Coercive Acts.

D. the Boston Tea Party.

A. A

B. B

Have you ever disagreed with a policy enacted by the government?

A. Yes

B. No


Section 3 A Call to Arms

What brought about the clash between American colonists and British soldiers at Lexington and Concord?

The Continental Congress• September

1774, 55 delegates from the colonies (except Georgia) met

• In Philadelphia• Met to

represent American interests and challenge British control

• Called the Continental Continental CongressCongress

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

The purpose of the Continental Congress was to accomplish which of the following tasks?

A. Support British rule

B. Explore a new continent

C. Challenge British control

D. Establish a new boycott

Delegates to the Congress• Massachusetts sent

Samuel Adams and his cousin John John AdamsAdams

• New York sent John John JayJay

• Virginia sent Richard Henry LeeRichard Henry Lee, Patrick Henry, and George Washington

• Patrick Henry said “I am not a Virginian, but an American”

Decisions of the Congress• The Delegates drafted

grievances calling for a repeal of the acts

• Said the laws violated their rights

• Voted to boycott British trade

• Decided to endorse the Suffolk Resolves

• Called for people to arm themselves against the British

• People formed militiasmilitias (groups of citizen soldiers)

Training Militias• Mostly in New

England

• Had training sessions

• Made bullets

• Stockpiled rifles and muskets

• MinutemenMinutemen were ready to fight on a minute’s notice

Britain Sends Troops• King George said the New

England Colonies were “in a state of rebellion”

• George realized that fighting was going to happen

• By April 1775, several thousand British soldiers were in and around Boston

• Many more were on their way

• Under the command of Thomas Gage, the British were to take the weapons of the militias

• Also arrest the leaders

Militia Weapons• Gage learned that

the weapons and ammunition was at Concord

• About 20 miles northwest of Boston

• Lieutenant Colonel Francis Smith and 700 troops were sent to Concord

• “Where you will seize and destroy all the artillery and ammunition you can find”

Alerting the Colonists• On the night of April 18th, 1775

Dr. Joseph Warren saw the British begin to march out of Boston

• Warren told Paul Revere and William Dawes (Both members of the sons of liberty)

• They rode to Lexington to warn Samuel Adams and John Hancock

• “The British are coming” “The regulars are out!”

• Adams said “What a glorious morning this is!” ready to fight for independence

The Redcoats March On• At dawn the Redcoats

approachedapproached Lexington

• 70 minutemen were there led by John Parker

• Minutemen stood on the town common with muskets in hand

• The British yelled “Throw down your arms, ye villains, ye rebels!”

The Shot Heard Round The World• Somebody fired, then

both sides exchanged bullets

• 8 minutemen were dead• The British troops moved

to take the ammunition, but most had already been moved

• They destroyed the remaining supplies

• At Concord’s North Bridge, the Minutemen turned back the British

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Where did the first battles of the Revolution take place?

A. Boston and New York

B. Washington and Philadelphia

C. Suffolk and Charlestown

D. Lexington and Concord

Marching Back to Boston• Blacksmiths, farmers,

clerks, and others hid behind trees and stone fences

• The militia fired at them as they marched

• By the time they reached Boston, at least 174 were injured and 73 were dead

• The battle for independence had begun

Benedict Arnold• Commander of the

Connecticut militia• Was authorized to take

Fort Ticonderoga on Lake Champlain

• Ticonderoga had needed military supplies

• Ethan Allen helped with this attack with his Green Mountain Boys

• They caught the British by surprise and they surrendered the fort on May 10th

Building Forces• Committees of

Correspondence sent out calls for volunteersvolunteers (helpers) to join the militias

• The colonial militia was about 20,000 strong

• The British and Colonists waited for who would make the next move

The Next Move• June 16th, 1775 about

1,200 militiamen under William Prescott

• Set up fortifications at Bunker Hill and Breed’s Hill across the harbor from Boston

• The British decided to take the hill

• Colonel Prescott said “Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes”

Battle of Bunker Hill• William Howe with

2,200 men

• Crossed by boat to the beaches below Breeds Hills

• Formed assault lines

• Guns ready, drums beat, marched up the hill

• 15 paces away the Patriots began firing

More of the Battle of Bunker Hill• Twice the British rushed the

hill• Twice they were turned back• American gunpowder ran

out• British took the hill• Patriots viewed this as a

victory• Over 1,000 redcoats were

killed or wounded- 400 Patriot casualties

• Patriots held its own against the world’s most powerful army

• The British learned that defeating the Americans would not be quick or easy

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Which of the following shows the correct chronology?

A. Bunker Hill, Lexington, Ft. Ticonderoga

B. Concord, Yorktown, Lexington

C. Yorktown, Lexington, Concord

D. Lexington, Ft. Ticonderoga, Bunker Hill

Choosing Sides• Americans had to make a

choice• Join the rebels or remain

loyal to Great Britain• Those that stayed with the

British were called LoyalistsLoyalists

• Those that sided with the Minutemen were called PatriotsPatriots

• This war was not just between the British and the Americans, but a civil war between the colonists

• Patriots against Loyalists

What brought about the clash between American colonists and British soldiers at Lexington and Concord?

-Americans were arming themselves and expected an armed confrontation with British troops.

-The British gave the Americans an excuse to confront them when British soldiers were ordered to march to Concord and seize artillery and weapons.

Who said that "blows must decide" who would rule America?

A. George III

B. Edward III

C. Philip III

D. James III

Who had orders to take away the weapons of the Massachusetts militia?

A. George Washington

B. William Dawes

C. Thomas Gage

D. Paul Revere

Who, along with Paul Revere, warned John Hancock and Samuel Adams that the British

were coming?A. John Adams

B. Thomas Gage

C. George Washington

D. William Dawes

The Green Mountain Boys, who captured the British-held Fort Ticonderoga, were led

byA. Paul Revere.

B. Ethan Allen.

C. George Washington.

D. Ralph Waldo Emerson.

The British learned that defeating the Americans would not be easy after the

British won theA. Battle of Bunker

Hill.

B. Battle of Boston.

C. Battle of Concord.

D. Battle of Lexington.

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Rate your agreement with the following statement: The media influences your opinion about important issues.

A. Strongly agree

B. Somewhat agree

C. Somewhat disagree

D. Strongly disagree


Section 4 Moving Toward Independence

Why did the American colonies choose to declare independence?

Colonial Leaders Emerge• May 10, 1775 at the

Second Continental Congress

• Many were NOTNOT ready to break with Britain

• Many of the same delegates from the First Continental Congress

• Also Ben Franklin- he had represented the colonies in London and helped repeal the act

• John Hancock was also there- Hancock had funded the Sons of Liberty

• Hancock was chosen president of the First Continental Congress

• 32 year old Thomas Jefferson was also there

Second Continental Congress• Began to govern the

colonies• Authorized printing money• Set up a post office with

Franklin in charge• Committees were set up to

communicate with Indians and other countries

• Most important, Congress created the Continental Continental ArmyArmy

• Would be more organized than the militias

• George Washington was unanimously chosen as the army’s commander

Continental Congress and Peace• The delegates offered

Britain one last chance to avoid war

• Congress sent a petitionpetition (formal request) to King George III

• Called the Olive Branch Olive Branch PetitionPetition

• Said the colonists wanted peace

• Asked the King to protect their rights

• George III refused the petition

• Instead he prepared for war

• Hired more than 30,000 German troops (Hessians) to fight beside the British

The Colonies Take Offense• The Colonists found out

the British were going to invade New York

• The Americans decided to strike first and attack Montreal (They captured it)

• The Americans failed to take Quebec

• Washington reached Boston in 1775 and realized the army lacked discipline, organization, and leadership

• Washington began to shape the citizens into an army

Continental Army• March 1776,

Washington decided they were ready

• The army was set in a semicircle around Boston

• Washington gave the order to bombard the British with cannons

• The redcoats under General Howe withdrew from the city

• March 17th, Washington led the jubilant troops into Boston

• The British sailed to Halifax, Nova Scotia

Early 1776• Support for absolute

independence was growing

• Thomas Paine published a pamphlet called Common Sense

• Paine called the King “the Royal Brute”

• Paine said “’Tis time to part”

• The call for independence became a roar

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Who published a very influential pamphlet called Common Sense?

A. Thomas Paine

B. George Washington

C. Samuel Adams

D. Patrick Henry

Second Continental Congress• Second Continental

Congress was filled with debate

• Should the colonies declare themselves an independent nation or stay under British rule?

• Richard Henry Lee said “all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved”

Debate over Independence• Congress debated Lee’s

resolution• Some thought the

colonies were not ready to form a separate nation

• Others argued that war had already begun

• Still others feared Britain’s power to crush the rebellion

• Congress decided to draft a Declaration of Independence

Declaration of Independence• Jefferson wrote• Used John Locke’s idea

that people were born with certain natural rights including

• Life, liberty, and property• People formed

governments to protect these rights

• Also that a government that interferes with these rights might be overthrown

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

A. Thomas Paine

B. George Washington

C. Thomas Jefferson

D. Patrick Henry

D.O.I. Final Touches• July 2nd, 1776 Congress voted on

Lee’s resolution for independence• 12 colonies voted for it (New York

later announced support)• Jefferson’s draft of the Declaration

of Independence was approved with some changes on July 4th, 1776

• John Hancock was the first to sign• Signed it so large that King

George could read it without his glasses

• 56 delegates signed the paper announcing the Birth of the United States

• Copies of the Declaration of Independence were distributed to the newly declared states

Parts of the D.O.I• Four major sections• 1. PreamblePreamble (Introduction)• 2. Lists the rights colonists

believed they should have and the right of people to abolish a government that does not protect these rights

• 3. List of grievances against the King and Parliament

• 4. Announcement of Independence

Why did the American colonies choose to declare independence?

-King George ignored the colonists’ Olive Branch petition, in which they tried to avoid war.

-The Colonists learned the British were planning to invade New York.

-Thomas Paine published an influential pamphlet, Common Sense, which called for complete independence.

The king of Great Britain accepted the Olive Branch Petition offered by Congress.

1. True

2. False

The king hired German troops to fight in America.

1. True

2. False

The Declaration of Independence explains why the colonies chose to form a new

nation.1. True

2. False

The first commander of the Continental Army was

1. George Washington.

2. Benjamin Franklin.

3. John Adams.

4. Thomas Jefferson.

What did the Olive Branch Petition ask the king to do?

1. protect the colonists' rights

2. leave America

3. start another war

4. stop taxation

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