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Transcript of A3 special issues in nutrition
Special Issues in NutritionOption A Human Nutrition amp Health
Stephen Taylor
Image rsquoI can drink by myselfrsquoCopyright Stephen Taylor
Assessment Statements Obj
A21 Distinguish between the components of human milk and artificial milk for bottlefeeding babies 2
A22 Discuss the benefits of breastfeeding 3
A23 Outline the causes and symptoms of type II diabetes 2
A24 Explain the dietary advice that should be given to a patient who has developed type II diabetes 3
A25 Discuss the ethical issues concerning the eating of animal products including honey eggs milk and meat 3
A26 Evaluate the benefits of reducing dietary cholesterol in lowering the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) 3
A27 Discuss the concept of food miles and the reasons for consumers choosing foods to minimize food miles 3
Assessment statements from Online IB Biology Subject GuideCommand terms httpi-biologynetibdpbiocommand-terms
Breast-milk Formula
Colostrum Present in first feeds Stimulates newborn digestion Not present
Antibodies Present in colostrum in high doses and subsequent milk Not present
Protein Lower but more easily digested and absorbed Human
Higher but harder to digest and absorb Bovine sources
Carbohydrates Higher in lactose linked to brain development
Lower in lactose May come from glucose
Fatty acids Human fatty acids Palm oil or alternatives
Vitamins and minerals May be lower but easier to absorb Higher but harder to absorb
Image bottle V httpwwwflickrcomphotos21524179N083668580431
Found on flickrccnet
Breast is BestHow does human milk compare to formula milk
Breast is BestWhat are the benefits of breastfeeding
Find out morehttpwwwwhointfeaturesfactfilesbreastfeedingenindexhtml
Benefit Effect
Immunity Colostrum and early breastmilk contain high concentrations of antibodies protecting the infant from infections
Digestive function Colostrum stimulates digestive tract function and eases defecation Easier to digest than formula milk
Cost Breastmilk is free and readily available as long as the mother remains healthy
Bonding Aids in mother-child bonding and communication
Nutrition More complete than formula and changes in composition to match the needs of the infant
Motherrsquos health Aids in weight-loss reduces risk of breast cancer type II diabetes and post-partum depression
Type II DiabetesWhat are the symptoms and causes
httpwwwplosoneorgarticleinfo3Adoi2F1013712Fjournalpone0057873
httpnotunlikeresearchtypepadcomsomething-not-unlike-rese201107new-cdc
-report-on-physical-inactivity-obesity-and-diabeteshtml
ldquoUsing econometric models of repeated cross-sectional data on diabetes and nutritional components of food from 175 countries we found that every 150 kcalpersonday increase in sugar availability (about one can of sodaday) was associated with increased diabetes prevalence by 11 (p lt0001)rdquo
Analyse the graphs and follow the links
What is the relationship between obesity and type II diabetes (insulin resistance)
What is the effect of increasing access to sugar on the prevalance of diabetes
Type II DiabetesWhat are the symptoms and causes
Causesbull Prolonged excessive intake of high-energy
foods particularly sugars and carbohydratesbull Insulin resistance develops as a result as insulin
receptors on the liver become less sensitivebull Strong link to obesity (excess energy is stored
as fat)bull Genetic factors (some are more susceptible to
developing type II diabetes)
Symptomsbull Glucose in the urine (too much glucose in the
blood not all can be re-uptaken by the kidney so some remains in urine)
bull Dehydration excessive urinationbull Damaged blood vesselsbull Weight loss as fat storage is affectedbull Sleep loss tirednessbull Blurred vision potential loss of sight
(retinopathy)
httpwwwdoctorozcomvp-videosdiabetes-animation
httpwwwmedmoviecommmdatabaseMediaPlayeraspxClientID=89
Type II DiabetesWhat dietary advice would a patient receive and why
Advice Scientific Reason
Eat low GI foods
Cut out sugars amp refined carbohydrates
Eat high fibre foods
Small regular meals
Choose lsquodiabetic alternativesrsquo
Read the food labels
Image Squirrel Heaven httpwwwflickrcomphotos12187063N023943984935
Found on flickrccnet
Type II DiabetesWhat dietary advice would a patient receive and why
Advice Scientific Reason
Eat low GI foods Some foods release energy more slowly - they have a lower glycemic index (GI) Eating these reduces lsquospikesrsquo in blood sugar
Cut out sugars amp refined carbohydrates
These are high GI foods ndash they are broken down into sugars and absorbed quickly causing blood sugar to rise quickly They include sugary snacks white bread and pasta
Eat high fibre foods High fibre makes one feel without providing too much energy High fibre diets can also help reduce the effects of diabetes
Small regular meals Smaller releases of energy more frequently result in less dramatic blood sugar changes than large infrequent meals
Choose lsquodiabetic alternativesrsquo
Some packaged foods may be labeled to show that they have reduced sugars or carbohydrates suitable for diabetics
Read the food labels Learn how to read and interpret food labels to avoid eating unsuitable foods
Yup getting more exercise would be useful too (but thatrsquos not dietary)
Image Squirrel Heaven httpwwwflickrcomphotos12187063N023943984935
Found on flickrccnet
Eating AnimalsWhat are the ethical issues associated with animal products
Image Matadero Iruya IV httpwwwflickrcomphotos54028939N001304768250Found on flickrccnet
Eating AnimalsWhat are the ethical issues associated with animal products
Image Matadero Iruya IV httpwwwflickrcomphotos54028939N001304768250Found on flickrccnet
Food Product Advantages Ethical Concerns
Meat Source of proteins some vitamins and minerals
bull Animal welfare issues in intensively-farmed cattle poultry Pain and suffering in slaughter
bull Growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and new strains of viruses as a result of overuse of medication Use of growth hormones may affect human health such as earlier onset of puberty
bull Huge demand for land and water to grow crops to feed animals is no longer sustainable and results in clearing of rainforests and habitat destruction Methane and other emissions from farming livestock contribute to global warming
Fish Source of proteins and helpful fatty acids
bull Many fish species are endangered due to overfishingbull Concerns of bio-magnification of toxins in the food chain and risks to human health
Milk Source of energy protein calcium
bull Animal welfare issues in intensively-farmed cattle poultry bull Growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and new strains of viruses as a result of
overuse of medication bull Huge demand for land and water to grow crops to feed animals is no longer
sustainable and results in clearing of rainforests and habitat destruction Methane and other emissions from farming livestock contribute to global warming
EggsSource of protein and fats a lsquomeatrsquo alternative in some
cultures
bull Cholesterol health risks associated with too much egg yolk consumption bull Battery-farmed chickens fed hormones in cramped conditions and can be treated
inhumanely Living spaces can be dirty and encourage spread of illness bull Male chicks are routinely culled as they cannot produce eggs
HoneyHoney is a natural sweetener
Bees pollinate many flower species
bull Farmed bees compete with local insect and bee populations for nectar Artificial selection of bees will result in a genetic shift in bee populations
Reducing CholesterolWhat are the health benefits and where is the evidence
Cholesterol is needed in small amounts in the body to produce hormones and plasma membranes In excess it is thought to contribute to atherosclerosis by forming deposits in the arteries Rupture of plaques can cause clots or CHD However this is a paradigm that is being challenged and it highlight the correlation-cause argument
In a review of studies it has been suggested that the link between dietary cholesterol intake and CHD is not logical and that the more likely cause of CHD is a diet high in saturated fats Diets high in saturated fats tend to be high in cholesterol so there is a correlation without necessarily causation
With moderate cholesterol intake the body is able to remove excess with no harmful effect ndash dietary cholesterol is not necessarily converted into plasma cholesterol Plasma cholesterol can be HDL (not harmful) or LDL (plaque-forming)
Extreme intakes may lead to a greater buildup of LDL in atherosclerosis Although there is a small risk of cholesterol leading to CHD the risks of smoking inactivity and heredity are much stronger and more closely related to CHD
Although a cholesterol-controlled diet may slow or reduce the risk of atherosclerosis it must be combined with a healthy diet and lifestyle if it is to have a significant effect on reducing the risk of CHD Image Cholesterol King
httpwwwflickrcomphotos89338458N003539966530Found on flickrccnet
Food MilesWhat is the footprint of your food
Image Pina Colada amp Pineapple - Boca del Drago Isla Colon - Bocas del+Toro+Panama httpwwwflickrcomphotos34325628N056671205461
Found on flickrccnet
Food miles are a measure of the distance a food product travels from rsquoplough to platersquo It is an indicator of the environmental impact of the foods we eat as this travel involves costs in fuel emissions packaging and time the further a product travels the less sustainable it is Some imported foods cost more in energy per gram for their transport than they provide for the consumer
Some consumers prefer to choose locally grown or farmed food products to reduce the costs use of packaging and preservatives use of oilfuel and emissions They may also hope to encourage outlets to use local providers of produce rather than imported goods
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
IBiologyStephen
Image rsquoI can drink by myselfrsquoCopyright Stephen Taylor
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
-
Assessment Statements Obj
A21 Distinguish between the components of human milk and artificial milk for bottlefeeding babies 2
A22 Discuss the benefits of breastfeeding 3
A23 Outline the causes and symptoms of type II diabetes 2
A24 Explain the dietary advice that should be given to a patient who has developed type II diabetes 3
A25 Discuss the ethical issues concerning the eating of animal products including honey eggs milk and meat 3
A26 Evaluate the benefits of reducing dietary cholesterol in lowering the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) 3
A27 Discuss the concept of food miles and the reasons for consumers choosing foods to minimize food miles 3
Assessment statements from Online IB Biology Subject GuideCommand terms httpi-biologynetibdpbiocommand-terms
Breast-milk Formula
Colostrum Present in first feeds Stimulates newborn digestion Not present
Antibodies Present in colostrum in high doses and subsequent milk Not present
Protein Lower but more easily digested and absorbed Human
Higher but harder to digest and absorb Bovine sources
Carbohydrates Higher in lactose linked to brain development
Lower in lactose May come from glucose
Fatty acids Human fatty acids Palm oil or alternatives
Vitamins and minerals May be lower but easier to absorb Higher but harder to absorb
Image bottle V httpwwwflickrcomphotos21524179N083668580431
Found on flickrccnet
Breast is BestHow does human milk compare to formula milk
Breast is BestWhat are the benefits of breastfeeding
Find out morehttpwwwwhointfeaturesfactfilesbreastfeedingenindexhtml
Benefit Effect
Immunity Colostrum and early breastmilk contain high concentrations of antibodies protecting the infant from infections
Digestive function Colostrum stimulates digestive tract function and eases defecation Easier to digest than formula milk
Cost Breastmilk is free and readily available as long as the mother remains healthy
Bonding Aids in mother-child bonding and communication
Nutrition More complete than formula and changes in composition to match the needs of the infant
Motherrsquos health Aids in weight-loss reduces risk of breast cancer type II diabetes and post-partum depression
Type II DiabetesWhat are the symptoms and causes
httpwwwplosoneorgarticleinfo3Adoi2F1013712Fjournalpone0057873
httpnotunlikeresearchtypepadcomsomething-not-unlike-rese201107new-cdc
-report-on-physical-inactivity-obesity-and-diabeteshtml
ldquoUsing econometric models of repeated cross-sectional data on diabetes and nutritional components of food from 175 countries we found that every 150 kcalpersonday increase in sugar availability (about one can of sodaday) was associated with increased diabetes prevalence by 11 (p lt0001)rdquo
Analyse the graphs and follow the links
What is the relationship between obesity and type II diabetes (insulin resistance)
What is the effect of increasing access to sugar on the prevalance of diabetes
Type II DiabetesWhat are the symptoms and causes
Causesbull Prolonged excessive intake of high-energy
foods particularly sugars and carbohydratesbull Insulin resistance develops as a result as insulin
receptors on the liver become less sensitivebull Strong link to obesity (excess energy is stored
as fat)bull Genetic factors (some are more susceptible to
developing type II diabetes)
Symptomsbull Glucose in the urine (too much glucose in the
blood not all can be re-uptaken by the kidney so some remains in urine)
bull Dehydration excessive urinationbull Damaged blood vesselsbull Weight loss as fat storage is affectedbull Sleep loss tirednessbull Blurred vision potential loss of sight
(retinopathy)
httpwwwdoctorozcomvp-videosdiabetes-animation
httpwwwmedmoviecommmdatabaseMediaPlayeraspxClientID=89
Type II DiabetesWhat dietary advice would a patient receive and why
Advice Scientific Reason
Eat low GI foods
Cut out sugars amp refined carbohydrates
Eat high fibre foods
Small regular meals
Choose lsquodiabetic alternativesrsquo
Read the food labels
Image Squirrel Heaven httpwwwflickrcomphotos12187063N023943984935
Found on flickrccnet
Type II DiabetesWhat dietary advice would a patient receive and why
Advice Scientific Reason
Eat low GI foods Some foods release energy more slowly - they have a lower glycemic index (GI) Eating these reduces lsquospikesrsquo in blood sugar
Cut out sugars amp refined carbohydrates
These are high GI foods ndash they are broken down into sugars and absorbed quickly causing blood sugar to rise quickly They include sugary snacks white bread and pasta
Eat high fibre foods High fibre makes one feel without providing too much energy High fibre diets can also help reduce the effects of diabetes
Small regular meals Smaller releases of energy more frequently result in less dramatic blood sugar changes than large infrequent meals
Choose lsquodiabetic alternativesrsquo
Some packaged foods may be labeled to show that they have reduced sugars or carbohydrates suitable for diabetics
Read the food labels Learn how to read and interpret food labels to avoid eating unsuitable foods
Yup getting more exercise would be useful too (but thatrsquos not dietary)
Image Squirrel Heaven httpwwwflickrcomphotos12187063N023943984935
Found on flickrccnet
Eating AnimalsWhat are the ethical issues associated with animal products
Image Matadero Iruya IV httpwwwflickrcomphotos54028939N001304768250Found on flickrccnet
Eating AnimalsWhat are the ethical issues associated with animal products
Image Matadero Iruya IV httpwwwflickrcomphotos54028939N001304768250Found on flickrccnet
Food Product Advantages Ethical Concerns
Meat Source of proteins some vitamins and minerals
bull Animal welfare issues in intensively-farmed cattle poultry Pain and suffering in slaughter
bull Growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and new strains of viruses as a result of overuse of medication Use of growth hormones may affect human health such as earlier onset of puberty
bull Huge demand for land and water to grow crops to feed animals is no longer sustainable and results in clearing of rainforests and habitat destruction Methane and other emissions from farming livestock contribute to global warming
Fish Source of proteins and helpful fatty acids
bull Many fish species are endangered due to overfishingbull Concerns of bio-magnification of toxins in the food chain and risks to human health
Milk Source of energy protein calcium
bull Animal welfare issues in intensively-farmed cattle poultry bull Growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and new strains of viruses as a result of
overuse of medication bull Huge demand for land and water to grow crops to feed animals is no longer
sustainable and results in clearing of rainforests and habitat destruction Methane and other emissions from farming livestock contribute to global warming
EggsSource of protein and fats a lsquomeatrsquo alternative in some
cultures
bull Cholesterol health risks associated with too much egg yolk consumption bull Battery-farmed chickens fed hormones in cramped conditions and can be treated
inhumanely Living spaces can be dirty and encourage spread of illness bull Male chicks are routinely culled as they cannot produce eggs
HoneyHoney is a natural sweetener
Bees pollinate many flower species
bull Farmed bees compete with local insect and bee populations for nectar Artificial selection of bees will result in a genetic shift in bee populations
Reducing CholesterolWhat are the health benefits and where is the evidence
Cholesterol is needed in small amounts in the body to produce hormones and plasma membranes In excess it is thought to contribute to atherosclerosis by forming deposits in the arteries Rupture of plaques can cause clots or CHD However this is a paradigm that is being challenged and it highlight the correlation-cause argument
In a review of studies it has been suggested that the link between dietary cholesterol intake and CHD is not logical and that the more likely cause of CHD is a diet high in saturated fats Diets high in saturated fats tend to be high in cholesterol so there is a correlation without necessarily causation
With moderate cholesterol intake the body is able to remove excess with no harmful effect ndash dietary cholesterol is not necessarily converted into plasma cholesterol Plasma cholesterol can be HDL (not harmful) or LDL (plaque-forming)
Extreme intakes may lead to a greater buildup of LDL in atherosclerosis Although there is a small risk of cholesterol leading to CHD the risks of smoking inactivity and heredity are much stronger and more closely related to CHD
Although a cholesterol-controlled diet may slow or reduce the risk of atherosclerosis it must be combined with a healthy diet and lifestyle if it is to have a significant effect on reducing the risk of CHD Image Cholesterol King
httpwwwflickrcomphotos89338458N003539966530Found on flickrccnet
Food MilesWhat is the footprint of your food
Image Pina Colada amp Pineapple - Boca del Drago Isla Colon - Bocas del+Toro+Panama httpwwwflickrcomphotos34325628N056671205461
Found on flickrccnet
Food miles are a measure of the distance a food product travels from rsquoplough to platersquo It is an indicator of the environmental impact of the foods we eat as this travel involves costs in fuel emissions packaging and time the further a product travels the less sustainable it is Some imported foods cost more in energy per gram for their transport than they provide for the consumer
Some consumers prefer to choose locally grown or farmed food products to reduce the costs use of packaging and preservatives use of oilfuel and emissions They may also hope to encourage outlets to use local providers of produce rather than imported goods
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
IBiologyStephen
Image rsquoI can drink by myselfrsquoCopyright Stephen Taylor
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
-
Breast-milk Formula
Colostrum Present in first feeds Stimulates newborn digestion Not present
Antibodies Present in colostrum in high doses and subsequent milk Not present
Protein Lower but more easily digested and absorbed Human
Higher but harder to digest and absorb Bovine sources
Carbohydrates Higher in lactose linked to brain development
Lower in lactose May come from glucose
Fatty acids Human fatty acids Palm oil or alternatives
Vitamins and minerals May be lower but easier to absorb Higher but harder to absorb
Image bottle V httpwwwflickrcomphotos21524179N083668580431
Found on flickrccnet
Breast is BestHow does human milk compare to formula milk
Breast is BestWhat are the benefits of breastfeeding
Find out morehttpwwwwhointfeaturesfactfilesbreastfeedingenindexhtml
Benefit Effect
Immunity Colostrum and early breastmilk contain high concentrations of antibodies protecting the infant from infections
Digestive function Colostrum stimulates digestive tract function and eases defecation Easier to digest than formula milk
Cost Breastmilk is free and readily available as long as the mother remains healthy
Bonding Aids in mother-child bonding and communication
Nutrition More complete than formula and changes in composition to match the needs of the infant
Motherrsquos health Aids in weight-loss reduces risk of breast cancer type II diabetes and post-partum depression
Type II DiabetesWhat are the symptoms and causes
httpwwwplosoneorgarticleinfo3Adoi2F1013712Fjournalpone0057873
httpnotunlikeresearchtypepadcomsomething-not-unlike-rese201107new-cdc
-report-on-physical-inactivity-obesity-and-diabeteshtml
ldquoUsing econometric models of repeated cross-sectional data on diabetes and nutritional components of food from 175 countries we found that every 150 kcalpersonday increase in sugar availability (about one can of sodaday) was associated with increased diabetes prevalence by 11 (p lt0001)rdquo
Analyse the graphs and follow the links
What is the relationship between obesity and type II diabetes (insulin resistance)
What is the effect of increasing access to sugar on the prevalance of diabetes
Type II DiabetesWhat are the symptoms and causes
Causesbull Prolonged excessive intake of high-energy
foods particularly sugars and carbohydratesbull Insulin resistance develops as a result as insulin
receptors on the liver become less sensitivebull Strong link to obesity (excess energy is stored
as fat)bull Genetic factors (some are more susceptible to
developing type II diabetes)
Symptomsbull Glucose in the urine (too much glucose in the
blood not all can be re-uptaken by the kidney so some remains in urine)
bull Dehydration excessive urinationbull Damaged blood vesselsbull Weight loss as fat storage is affectedbull Sleep loss tirednessbull Blurred vision potential loss of sight
(retinopathy)
httpwwwdoctorozcomvp-videosdiabetes-animation
httpwwwmedmoviecommmdatabaseMediaPlayeraspxClientID=89
Type II DiabetesWhat dietary advice would a patient receive and why
Advice Scientific Reason
Eat low GI foods
Cut out sugars amp refined carbohydrates
Eat high fibre foods
Small regular meals
Choose lsquodiabetic alternativesrsquo
Read the food labels
Image Squirrel Heaven httpwwwflickrcomphotos12187063N023943984935
Found on flickrccnet
Type II DiabetesWhat dietary advice would a patient receive and why
Advice Scientific Reason
Eat low GI foods Some foods release energy more slowly - they have a lower glycemic index (GI) Eating these reduces lsquospikesrsquo in blood sugar
Cut out sugars amp refined carbohydrates
These are high GI foods ndash they are broken down into sugars and absorbed quickly causing blood sugar to rise quickly They include sugary snacks white bread and pasta
Eat high fibre foods High fibre makes one feel without providing too much energy High fibre diets can also help reduce the effects of diabetes
Small regular meals Smaller releases of energy more frequently result in less dramatic blood sugar changes than large infrequent meals
Choose lsquodiabetic alternativesrsquo
Some packaged foods may be labeled to show that they have reduced sugars or carbohydrates suitable for diabetics
Read the food labels Learn how to read and interpret food labels to avoid eating unsuitable foods
Yup getting more exercise would be useful too (but thatrsquos not dietary)
Image Squirrel Heaven httpwwwflickrcomphotos12187063N023943984935
Found on flickrccnet
Eating AnimalsWhat are the ethical issues associated with animal products
Image Matadero Iruya IV httpwwwflickrcomphotos54028939N001304768250Found on flickrccnet
Eating AnimalsWhat are the ethical issues associated with animal products
Image Matadero Iruya IV httpwwwflickrcomphotos54028939N001304768250Found on flickrccnet
Food Product Advantages Ethical Concerns
Meat Source of proteins some vitamins and minerals
bull Animal welfare issues in intensively-farmed cattle poultry Pain and suffering in slaughter
bull Growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and new strains of viruses as a result of overuse of medication Use of growth hormones may affect human health such as earlier onset of puberty
bull Huge demand for land and water to grow crops to feed animals is no longer sustainable and results in clearing of rainforests and habitat destruction Methane and other emissions from farming livestock contribute to global warming
Fish Source of proteins and helpful fatty acids
bull Many fish species are endangered due to overfishingbull Concerns of bio-magnification of toxins in the food chain and risks to human health
Milk Source of energy protein calcium
bull Animal welfare issues in intensively-farmed cattle poultry bull Growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and new strains of viruses as a result of
overuse of medication bull Huge demand for land and water to grow crops to feed animals is no longer
sustainable and results in clearing of rainforests and habitat destruction Methane and other emissions from farming livestock contribute to global warming
EggsSource of protein and fats a lsquomeatrsquo alternative in some
cultures
bull Cholesterol health risks associated with too much egg yolk consumption bull Battery-farmed chickens fed hormones in cramped conditions and can be treated
inhumanely Living spaces can be dirty and encourage spread of illness bull Male chicks are routinely culled as they cannot produce eggs
HoneyHoney is a natural sweetener
Bees pollinate many flower species
bull Farmed bees compete with local insect and bee populations for nectar Artificial selection of bees will result in a genetic shift in bee populations
Reducing CholesterolWhat are the health benefits and where is the evidence
Cholesterol is needed in small amounts in the body to produce hormones and plasma membranes In excess it is thought to contribute to atherosclerosis by forming deposits in the arteries Rupture of plaques can cause clots or CHD However this is a paradigm that is being challenged and it highlight the correlation-cause argument
In a review of studies it has been suggested that the link between dietary cholesterol intake and CHD is not logical and that the more likely cause of CHD is a diet high in saturated fats Diets high in saturated fats tend to be high in cholesterol so there is a correlation without necessarily causation
With moderate cholesterol intake the body is able to remove excess with no harmful effect ndash dietary cholesterol is not necessarily converted into plasma cholesterol Plasma cholesterol can be HDL (not harmful) or LDL (plaque-forming)
Extreme intakes may lead to a greater buildup of LDL in atherosclerosis Although there is a small risk of cholesterol leading to CHD the risks of smoking inactivity and heredity are much stronger and more closely related to CHD
Although a cholesterol-controlled diet may slow or reduce the risk of atherosclerosis it must be combined with a healthy diet and lifestyle if it is to have a significant effect on reducing the risk of CHD Image Cholesterol King
httpwwwflickrcomphotos89338458N003539966530Found on flickrccnet
Food MilesWhat is the footprint of your food
Image Pina Colada amp Pineapple - Boca del Drago Isla Colon - Bocas del+Toro+Panama httpwwwflickrcomphotos34325628N056671205461
Found on flickrccnet
Food miles are a measure of the distance a food product travels from rsquoplough to platersquo It is an indicator of the environmental impact of the foods we eat as this travel involves costs in fuel emissions packaging and time the further a product travels the less sustainable it is Some imported foods cost more in energy per gram for their transport than they provide for the consumer
Some consumers prefer to choose locally grown or farmed food products to reduce the costs use of packaging and preservatives use of oilfuel and emissions They may also hope to encourage outlets to use local providers of produce rather than imported goods
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
IBiologyStephen
Image rsquoI can drink by myselfrsquoCopyright Stephen Taylor
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
-
Breast is BestWhat are the benefits of breastfeeding
Find out morehttpwwwwhointfeaturesfactfilesbreastfeedingenindexhtml
Benefit Effect
Immunity Colostrum and early breastmilk contain high concentrations of antibodies protecting the infant from infections
Digestive function Colostrum stimulates digestive tract function and eases defecation Easier to digest than formula milk
Cost Breastmilk is free and readily available as long as the mother remains healthy
Bonding Aids in mother-child bonding and communication
Nutrition More complete than formula and changes in composition to match the needs of the infant
Motherrsquos health Aids in weight-loss reduces risk of breast cancer type II diabetes and post-partum depression
Type II DiabetesWhat are the symptoms and causes
httpwwwplosoneorgarticleinfo3Adoi2F1013712Fjournalpone0057873
httpnotunlikeresearchtypepadcomsomething-not-unlike-rese201107new-cdc
-report-on-physical-inactivity-obesity-and-diabeteshtml
ldquoUsing econometric models of repeated cross-sectional data on diabetes and nutritional components of food from 175 countries we found that every 150 kcalpersonday increase in sugar availability (about one can of sodaday) was associated with increased diabetes prevalence by 11 (p lt0001)rdquo
Analyse the graphs and follow the links
What is the relationship between obesity and type II diabetes (insulin resistance)
What is the effect of increasing access to sugar on the prevalance of diabetes
Type II DiabetesWhat are the symptoms and causes
Causesbull Prolonged excessive intake of high-energy
foods particularly sugars and carbohydratesbull Insulin resistance develops as a result as insulin
receptors on the liver become less sensitivebull Strong link to obesity (excess energy is stored
as fat)bull Genetic factors (some are more susceptible to
developing type II diabetes)
Symptomsbull Glucose in the urine (too much glucose in the
blood not all can be re-uptaken by the kidney so some remains in urine)
bull Dehydration excessive urinationbull Damaged blood vesselsbull Weight loss as fat storage is affectedbull Sleep loss tirednessbull Blurred vision potential loss of sight
(retinopathy)
httpwwwdoctorozcomvp-videosdiabetes-animation
httpwwwmedmoviecommmdatabaseMediaPlayeraspxClientID=89
Type II DiabetesWhat dietary advice would a patient receive and why
Advice Scientific Reason
Eat low GI foods
Cut out sugars amp refined carbohydrates
Eat high fibre foods
Small regular meals
Choose lsquodiabetic alternativesrsquo
Read the food labels
Image Squirrel Heaven httpwwwflickrcomphotos12187063N023943984935
Found on flickrccnet
Type II DiabetesWhat dietary advice would a patient receive and why
Advice Scientific Reason
Eat low GI foods Some foods release energy more slowly - they have a lower glycemic index (GI) Eating these reduces lsquospikesrsquo in blood sugar
Cut out sugars amp refined carbohydrates
These are high GI foods ndash they are broken down into sugars and absorbed quickly causing blood sugar to rise quickly They include sugary snacks white bread and pasta
Eat high fibre foods High fibre makes one feel without providing too much energy High fibre diets can also help reduce the effects of diabetes
Small regular meals Smaller releases of energy more frequently result in less dramatic blood sugar changes than large infrequent meals
Choose lsquodiabetic alternativesrsquo
Some packaged foods may be labeled to show that they have reduced sugars or carbohydrates suitable for diabetics
Read the food labels Learn how to read and interpret food labels to avoid eating unsuitable foods
Yup getting more exercise would be useful too (but thatrsquos not dietary)
Image Squirrel Heaven httpwwwflickrcomphotos12187063N023943984935
Found on flickrccnet
Eating AnimalsWhat are the ethical issues associated with animal products
Image Matadero Iruya IV httpwwwflickrcomphotos54028939N001304768250Found on flickrccnet
Eating AnimalsWhat are the ethical issues associated with animal products
Image Matadero Iruya IV httpwwwflickrcomphotos54028939N001304768250Found on flickrccnet
Food Product Advantages Ethical Concerns
Meat Source of proteins some vitamins and minerals
bull Animal welfare issues in intensively-farmed cattle poultry Pain and suffering in slaughter
bull Growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and new strains of viruses as a result of overuse of medication Use of growth hormones may affect human health such as earlier onset of puberty
bull Huge demand for land and water to grow crops to feed animals is no longer sustainable and results in clearing of rainforests and habitat destruction Methane and other emissions from farming livestock contribute to global warming
Fish Source of proteins and helpful fatty acids
bull Many fish species are endangered due to overfishingbull Concerns of bio-magnification of toxins in the food chain and risks to human health
Milk Source of energy protein calcium
bull Animal welfare issues in intensively-farmed cattle poultry bull Growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and new strains of viruses as a result of
overuse of medication bull Huge demand for land and water to grow crops to feed animals is no longer
sustainable and results in clearing of rainforests and habitat destruction Methane and other emissions from farming livestock contribute to global warming
EggsSource of protein and fats a lsquomeatrsquo alternative in some
cultures
bull Cholesterol health risks associated with too much egg yolk consumption bull Battery-farmed chickens fed hormones in cramped conditions and can be treated
inhumanely Living spaces can be dirty and encourage spread of illness bull Male chicks are routinely culled as they cannot produce eggs
HoneyHoney is a natural sweetener
Bees pollinate many flower species
bull Farmed bees compete with local insect and bee populations for nectar Artificial selection of bees will result in a genetic shift in bee populations
Reducing CholesterolWhat are the health benefits and where is the evidence
Cholesterol is needed in small amounts in the body to produce hormones and plasma membranes In excess it is thought to contribute to atherosclerosis by forming deposits in the arteries Rupture of plaques can cause clots or CHD However this is a paradigm that is being challenged and it highlight the correlation-cause argument
In a review of studies it has been suggested that the link between dietary cholesterol intake and CHD is not logical and that the more likely cause of CHD is a diet high in saturated fats Diets high in saturated fats tend to be high in cholesterol so there is a correlation without necessarily causation
With moderate cholesterol intake the body is able to remove excess with no harmful effect ndash dietary cholesterol is not necessarily converted into plasma cholesterol Plasma cholesterol can be HDL (not harmful) or LDL (plaque-forming)
Extreme intakes may lead to a greater buildup of LDL in atherosclerosis Although there is a small risk of cholesterol leading to CHD the risks of smoking inactivity and heredity are much stronger and more closely related to CHD
Although a cholesterol-controlled diet may slow or reduce the risk of atherosclerosis it must be combined with a healthy diet and lifestyle if it is to have a significant effect on reducing the risk of CHD Image Cholesterol King
httpwwwflickrcomphotos89338458N003539966530Found on flickrccnet
Food MilesWhat is the footprint of your food
Image Pina Colada amp Pineapple - Boca del Drago Isla Colon - Bocas del+Toro+Panama httpwwwflickrcomphotos34325628N056671205461
Found on flickrccnet
Food miles are a measure of the distance a food product travels from rsquoplough to platersquo It is an indicator of the environmental impact of the foods we eat as this travel involves costs in fuel emissions packaging and time the further a product travels the less sustainable it is Some imported foods cost more in energy per gram for their transport than they provide for the consumer
Some consumers prefer to choose locally grown or farmed food products to reduce the costs use of packaging and preservatives use of oilfuel and emissions They may also hope to encourage outlets to use local providers of produce rather than imported goods
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
IBiologyStephen
Image rsquoI can drink by myselfrsquoCopyright Stephen Taylor
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
-
Type II DiabetesWhat are the symptoms and causes
httpwwwplosoneorgarticleinfo3Adoi2F1013712Fjournalpone0057873
httpnotunlikeresearchtypepadcomsomething-not-unlike-rese201107new-cdc
-report-on-physical-inactivity-obesity-and-diabeteshtml
ldquoUsing econometric models of repeated cross-sectional data on diabetes and nutritional components of food from 175 countries we found that every 150 kcalpersonday increase in sugar availability (about one can of sodaday) was associated with increased diabetes prevalence by 11 (p lt0001)rdquo
Analyse the graphs and follow the links
What is the relationship between obesity and type II diabetes (insulin resistance)
What is the effect of increasing access to sugar on the prevalance of diabetes
Type II DiabetesWhat are the symptoms and causes
Causesbull Prolonged excessive intake of high-energy
foods particularly sugars and carbohydratesbull Insulin resistance develops as a result as insulin
receptors on the liver become less sensitivebull Strong link to obesity (excess energy is stored
as fat)bull Genetic factors (some are more susceptible to
developing type II diabetes)
Symptomsbull Glucose in the urine (too much glucose in the
blood not all can be re-uptaken by the kidney so some remains in urine)
bull Dehydration excessive urinationbull Damaged blood vesselsbull Weight loss as fat storage is affectedbull Sleep loss tirednessbull Blurred vision potential loss of sight
(retinopathy)
httpwwwdoctorozcomvp-videosdiabetes-animation
httpwwwmedmoviecommmdatabaseMediaPlayeraspxClientID=89
Type II DiabetesWhat dietary advice would a patient receive and why
Advice Scientific Reason
Eat low GI foods
Cut out sugars amp refined carbohydrates
Eat high fibre foods
Small regular meals
Choose lsquodiabetic alternativesrsquo
Read the food labels
Image Squirrel Heaven httpwwwflickrcomphotos12187063N023943984935
Found on flickrccnet
Type II DiabetesWhat dietary advice would a patient receive and why
Advice Scientific Reason
Eat low GI foods Some foods release energy more slowly - they have a lower glycemic index (GI) Eating these reduces lsquospikesrsquo in blood sugar
Cut out sugars amp refined carbohydrates
These are high GI foods ndash they are broken down into sugars and absorbed quickly causing blood sugar to rise quickly They include sugary snacks white bread and pasta
Eat high fibre foods High fibre makes one feel without providing too much energy High fibre diets can also help reduce the effects of diabetes
Small regular meals Smaller releases of energy more frequently result in less dramatic blood sugar changes than large infrequent meals
Choose lsquodiabetic alternativesrsquo
Some packaged foods may be labeled to show that they have reduced sugars or carbohydrates suitable for diabetics
Read the food labels Learn how to read and interpret food labels to avoid eating unsuitable foods
Yup getting more exercise would be useful too (but thatrsquos not dietary)
Image Squirrel Heaven httpwwwflickrcomphotos12187063N023943984935
Found on flickrccnet
Eating AnimalsWhat are the ethical issues associated with animal products
Image Matadero Iruya IV httpwwwflickrcomphotos54028939N001304768250Found on flickrccnet
Eating AnimalsWhat are the ethical issues associated with animal products
Image Matadero Iruya IV httpwwwflickrcomphotos54028939N001304768250Found on flickrccnet
Food Product Advantages Ethical Concerns
Meat Source of proteins some vitamins and minerals
bull Animal welfare issues in intensively-farmed cattle poultry Pain and suffering in slaughter
bull Growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and new strains of viruses as a result of overuse of medication Use of growth hormones may affect human health such as earlier onset of puberty
bull Huge demand for land and water to grow crops to feed animals is no longer sustainable and results in clearing of rainforests and habitat destruction Methane and other emissions from farming livestock contribute to global warming
Fish Source of proteins and helpful fatty acids
bull Many fish species are endangered due to overfishingbull Concerns of bio-magnification of toxins in the food chain and risks to human health
Milk Source of energy protein calcium
bull Animal welfare issues in intensively-farmed cattle poultry bull Growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and new strains of viruses as a result of
overuse of medication bull Huge demand for land and water to grow crops to feed animals is no longer
sustainable and results in clearing of rainforests and habitat destruction Methane and other emissions from farming livestock contribute to global warming
EggsSource of protein and fats a lsquomeatrsquo alternative in some
cultures
bull Cholesterol health risks associated with too much egg yolk consumption bull Battery-farmed chickens fed hormones in cramped conditions and can be treated
inhumanely Living spaces can be dirty and encourage spread of illness bull Male chicks are routinely culled as they cannot produce eggs
HoneyHoney is a natural sweetener
Bees pollinate many flower species
bull Farmed bees compete with local insect and bee populations for nectar Artificial selection of bees will result in a genetic shift in bee populations
Reducing CholesterolWhat are the health benefits and where is the evidence
Cholesterol is needed in small amounts in the body to produce hormones and plasma membranes In excess it is thought to contribute to atherosclerosis by forming deposits in the arteries Rupture of plaques can cause clots or CHD However this is a paradigm that is being challenged and it highlight the correlation-cause argument
In a review of studies it has been suggested that the link between dietary cholesterol intake and CHD is not logical and that the more likely cause of CHD is a diet high in saturated fats Diets high in saturated fats tend to be high in cholesterol so there is a correlation without necessarily causation
With moderate cholesterol intake the body is able to remove excess with no harmful effect ndash dietary cholesterol is not necessarily converted into plasma cholesterol Plasma cholesterol can be HDL (not harmful) or LDL (plaque-forming)
Extreme intakes may lead to a greater buildup of LDL in atherosclerosis Although there is a small risk of cholesterol leading to CHD the risks of smoking inactivity and heredity are much stronger and more closely related to CHD
Although a cholesterol-controlled diet may slow or reduce the risk of atherosclerosis it must be combined with a healthy diet and lifestyle if it is to have a significant effect on reducing the risk of CHD Image Cholesterol King
httpwwwflickrcomphotos89338458N003539966530Found on flickrccnet
Food MilesWhat is the footprint of your food
Image Pina Colada amp Pineapple - Boca del Drago Isla Colon - Bocas del+Toro+Panama httpwwwflickrcomphotos34325628N056671205461
Found on flickrccnet
Food miles are a measure of the distance a food product travels from rsquoplough to platersquo It is an indicator of the environmental impact of the foods we eat as this travel involves costs in fuel emissions packaging and time the further a product travels the less sustainable it is Some imported foods cost more in energy per gram for their transport than they provide for the consumer
Some consumers prefer to choose locally grown or farmed food products to reduce the costs use of packaging and preservatives use of oilfuel and emissions They may also hope to encourage outlets to use local providers of produce rather than imported goods
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
IBiologyStephen
Image rsquoI can drink by myselfrsquoCopyright Stephen Taylor
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
-
Type II DiabetesWhat are the symptoms and causes
Causesbull Prolonged excessive intake of high-energy
foods particularly sugars and carbohydratesbull Insulin resistance develops as a result as insulin
receptors on the liver become less sensitivebull Strong link to obesity (excess energy is stored
as fat)bull Genetic factors (some are more susceptible to
developing type II diabetes)
Symptomsbull Glucose in the urine (too much glucose in the
blood not all can be re-uptaken by the kidney so some remains in urine)
bull Dehydration excessive urinationbull Damaged blood vesselsbull Weight loss as fat storage is affectedbull Sleep loss tirednessbull Blurred vision potential loss of sight
(retinopathy)
httpwwwdoctorozcomvp-videosdiabetes-animation
httpwwwmedmoviecommmdatabaseMediaPlayeraspxClientID=89
Type II DiabetesWhat dietary advice would a patient receive and why
Advice Scientific Reason
Eat low GI foods
Cut out sugars amp refined carbohydrates
Eat high fibre foods
Small regular meals
Choose lsquodiabetic alternativesrsquo
Read the food labels
Image Squirrel Heaven httpwwwflickrcomphotos12187063N023943984935
Found on flickrccnet
Type II DiabetesWhat dietary advice would a patient receive and why
Advice Scientific Reason
Eat low GI foods Some foods release energy more slowly - they have a lower glycemic index (GI) Eating these reduces lsquospikesrsquo in blood sugar
Cut out sugars amp refined carbohydrates
These are high GI foods ndash they are broken down into sugars and absorbed quickly causing blood sugar to rise quickly They include sugary snacks white bread and pasta
Eat high fibre foods High fibre makes one feel without providing too much energy High fibre diets can also help reduce the effects of diabetes
Small regular meals Smaller releases of energy more frequently result in less dramatic blood sugar changes than large infrequent meals
Choose lsquodiabetic alternativesrsquo
Some packaged foods may be labeled to show that they have reduced sugars or carbohydrates suitable for diabetics
Read the food labels Learn how to read and interpret food labels to avoid eating unsuitable foods
Yup getting more exercise would be useful too (but thatrsquos not dietary)
Image Squirrel Heaven httpwwwflickrcomphotos12187063N023943984935
Found on flickrccnet
Eating AnimalsWhat are the ethical issues associated with animal products
Image Matadero Iruya IV httpwwwflickrcomphotos54028939N001304768250Found on flickrccnet
Eating AnimalsWhat are the ethical issues associated with animal products
Image Matadero Iruya IV httpwwwflickrcomphotos54028939N001304768250Found on flickrccnet
Food Product Advantages Ethical Concerns
Meat Source of proteins some vitamins and minerals
bull Animal welfare issues in intensively-farmed cattle poultry Pain and suffering in slaughter
bull Growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and new strains of viruses as a result of overuse of medication Use of growth hormones may affect human health such as earlier onset of puberty
bull Huge demand for land and water to grow crops to feed animals is no longer sustainable and results in clearing of rainforests and habitat destruction Methane and other emissions from farming livestock contribute to global warming
Fish Source of proteins and helpful fatty acids
bull Many fish species are endangered due to overfishingbull Concerns of bio-magnification of toxins in the food chain and risks to human health
Milk Source of energy protein calcium
bull Animal welfare issues in intensively-farmed cattle poultry bull Growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and new strains of viruses as a result of
overuse of medication bull Huge demand for land and water to grow crops to feed animals is no longer
sustainable and results in clearing of rainforests and habitat destruction Methane and other emissions from farming livestock contribute to global warming
EggsSource of protein and fats a lsquomeatrsquo alternative in some
cultures
bull Cholesterol health risks associated with too much egg yolk consumption bull Battery-farmed chickens fed hormones in cramped conditions and can be treated
inhumanely Living spaces can be dirty and encourage spread of illness bull Male chicks are routinely culled as they cannot produce eggs
HoneyHoney is a natural sweetener
Bees pollinate many flower species
bull Farmed bees compete with local insect and bee populations for nectar Artificial selection of bees will result in a genetic shift in bee populations
Reducing CholesterolWhat are the health benefits and where is the evidence
Cholesterol is needed in small amounts in the body to produce hormones and plasma membranes In excess it is thought to contribute to atherosclerosis by forming deposits in the arteries Rupture of plaques can cause clots or CHD However this is a paradigm that is being challenged and it highlight the correlation-cause argument
In a review of studies it has been suggested that the link between dietary cholesterol intake and CHD is not logical and that the more likely cause of CHD is a diet high in saturated fats Diets high in saturated fats tend to be high in cholesterol so there is a correlation without necessarily causation
With moderate cholesterol intake the body is able to remove excess with no harmful effect ndash dietary cholesterol is not necessarily converted into plasma cholesterol Plasma cholesterol can be HDL (not harmful) or LDL (plaque-forming)
Extreme intakes may lead to a greater buildup of LDL in atherosclerosis Although there is a small risk of cholesterol leading to CHD the risks of smoking inactivity and heredity are much stronger and more closely related to CHD
Although a cholesterol-controlled diet may slow or reduce the risk of atherosclerosis it must be combined with a healthy diet and lifestyle if it is to have a significant effect on reducing the risk of CHD Image Cholesterol King
httpwwwflickrcomphotos89338458N003539966530Found on flickrccnet
Food MilesWhat is the footprint of your food
Image Pina Colada amp Pineapple - Boca del Drago Isla Colon - Bocas del+Toro+Panama httpwwwflickrcomphotos34325628N056671205461
Found on flickrccnet
Food miles are a measure of the distance a food product travels from rsquoplough to platersquo It is an indicator of the environmental impact of the foods we eat as this travel involves costs in fuel emissions packaging and time the further a product travels the less sustainable it is Some imported foods cost more in energy per gram for their transport than they provide for the consumer
Some consumers prefer to choose locally grown or farmed food products to reduce the costs use of packaging and preservatives use of oilfuel and emissions They may also hope to encourage outlets to use local providers of produce rather than imported goods
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
IBiologyStephen
Image rsquoI can drink by myselfrsquoCopyright Stephen Taylor
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
-
Type II DiabetesWhat dietary advice would a patient receive and why
Advice Scientific Reason
Eat low GI foods
Cut out sugars amp refined carbohydrates
Eat high fibre foods
Small regular meals
Choose lsquodiabetic alternativesrsquo
Read the food labels
Image Squirrel Heaven httpwwwflickrcomphotos12187063N023943984935
Found on flickrccnet
Type II DiabetesWhat dietary advice would a patient receive and why
Advice Scientific Reason
Eat low GI foods Some foods release energy more slowly - they have a lower glycemic index (GI) Eating these reduces lsquospikesrsquo in blood sugar
Cut out sugars amp refined carbohydrates
These are high GI foods ndash they are broken down into sugars and absorbed quickly causing blood sugar to rise quickly They include sugary snacks white bread and pasta
Eat high fibre foods High fibre makes one feel without providing too much energy High fibre diets can also help reduce the effects of diabetes
Small regular meals Smaller releases of energy more frequently result in less dramatic blood sugar changes than large infrequent meals
Choose lsquodiabetic alternativesrsquo
Some packaged foods may be labeled to show that they have reduced sugars or carbohydrates suitable for diabetics
Read the food labels Learn how to read and interpret food labels to avoid eating unsuitable foods
Yup getting more exercise would be useful too (but thatrsquos not dietary)
Image Squirrel Heaven httpwwwflickrcomphotos12187063N023943984935
Found on flickrccnet
Eating AnimalsWhat are the ethical issues associated with animal products
Image Matadero Iruya IV httpwwwflickrcomphotos54028939N001304768250Found on flickrccnet
Eating AnimalsWhat are the ethical issues associated with animal products
Image Matadero Iruya IV httpwwwflickrcomphotos54028939N001304768250Found on flickrccnet
Food Product Advantages Ethical Concerns
Meat Source of proteins some vitamins and minerals
bull Animal welfare issues in intensively-farmed cattle poultry Pain and suffering in slaughter
bull Growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and new strains of viruses as a result of overuse of medication Use of growth hormones may affect human health such as earlier onset of puberty
bull Huge demand for land and water to grow crops to feed animals is no longer sustainable and results in clearing of rainforests and habitat destruction Methane and other emissions from farming livestock contribute to global warming
Fish Source of proteins and helpful fatty acids
bull Many fish species are endangered due to overfishingbull Concerns of bio-magnification of toxins in the food chain and risks to human health
Milk Source of energy protein calcium
bull Animal welfare issues in intensively-farmed cattle poultry bull Growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and new strains of viruses as a result of
overuse of medication bull Huge demand for land and water to grow crops to feed animals is no longer
sustainable and results in clearing of rainforests and habitat destruction Methane and other emissions from farming livestock contribute to global warming
EggsSource of protein and fats a lsquomeatrsquo alternative in some
cultures
bull Cholesterol health risks associated with too much egg yolk consumption bull Battery-farmed chickens fed hormones in cramped conditions and can be treated
inhumanely Living spaces can be dirty and encourage spread of illness bull Male chicks are routinely culled as they cannot produce eggs
HoneyHoney is a natural sweetener
Bees pollinate many flower species
bull Farmed bees compete with local insect and bee populations for nectar Artificial selection of bees will result in a genetic shift in bee populations
Reducing CholesterolWhat are the health benefits and where is the evidence
Cholesterol is needed in small amounts in the body to produce hormones and plasma membranes In excess it is thought to contribute to atherosclerosis by forming deposits in the arteries Rupture of plaques can cause clots or CHD However this is a paradigm that is being challenged and it highlight the correlation-cause argument
In a review of studies it has been suggested that the link between dietary cholesterol intake and CHD is not logical and that the more likely cause of CHD is a diet high in saturated fats Diets high in saturated fats tend to be high in cholesterol so there is a correlation without necessarily causation
With moderate cholesterol intake the body is able to remove excess with no harmful effect ndash dietary cholesterol is not necessarily converted into plasma cholesterol Plasma cholesterol can be HDL (not harmful) or LDL (plaque-forming)
Extreme intakes may lead to a greater buildup of LDL in atherosclerosis Although there is a small risk of cholesterol leading to CHD the risks of smoking inactivity and heredity are much stronger and more closely related to CHD
Although a cholesterol-controlled diet may slow or reduce the risk of atherosclerosis it must be combined with a healthy diet and lifestyle if it is to have a significant effect on reducing the risk of CHD Image Cholesterol King
httpwwwflickrcomphotos89338458N003539966530Found on flickrccnet
Food MilesWhat is the footprint of your food
Image Pina Colada amp Pineapple - Boca del Drago Isla Colon - Bocas del+Toro+Panama httpwwwflickrcomphotos34325628N056671205461
Found on flickrccnet
Food miles are a measure of the distance a food product travels from rsquoplough to platersquo It is an indicator of the environmental impact of the foods we eat as this travel involves costs in fuel emissions packaging and time the further a product travels the less sustainable it is Some imported foods cost more in energy per gram for their transport than they provide for the consumer
Some consumers prefer to choose locally grown or farmed food products to reduce the costs use of packaging and preservatives use of oilfuel and emissions They may also hope to encourage outlets to use local providers of produce rather than imported goods
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
IBiologyStephen
Image rsquoI can drink by myselfrsquoCopyright Stephen Taylor
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
-
Type II DiabetesWhat dietary advice would a patient receive and why
Advice Scientific Reason
Eat low GI foods Some foods release energy more slowly - they have a lower glycemic index (GI) Eating these reduces lsquospikesrsquo in blood sugar
Cut out sugars amp refined carbohydrates
These are high GI foods ndash they are broken down into sugars and absorbed quickly causing blood sugar to rise quickly They include sugary snacks white bread and pasta
Eat high fibre foods High fibre makes one feel without providing too much energy High fibre diets can also help reduce the effects of diabetes
Small regular meals Smaller releases of energy more frequently result in less dramatic blood sugar changes than large infrequent meals
Choose lsquodiabetic alternativesrsquo
Some packaged foods may be labeled to show that they have reduced sugars or carbohydrates suitable for diabetics
Read the food labels Learn how to read and interpret food labels to avoid eating unsuitable foods
Yup getting more exercise would be useful too (but thatrsquos not dietary)
Image Squirrel Heaven httpwwwflickrcomphotos12187063N023943984935
Found on flickrccnet
Eating AnimalsWhat are the ethical issues associated with animal products
Image Matadero Iruya IV httpwwwflickrcomphotos54028939N001304768250Found on flickrccnet
Eating AnimalsWhat are the ethical issues associated with animal products
Image Matadero Iruya IV httpwwwflickrcomphotos54028939N001304768250Found on flickrccnet
Food Product Advantages Ethical Concerns
Meat Source of proteins some vitamins and minerals
bull Animal welfare issues in intensively-farmed cattle poultry Pain and suffering in slaughter
bull Growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and new strains of viruses as a result of overuse of medication Use of growth hormones may affect human health such as earlier onset of puberty
bull Huge demand for land and water to grow crops to feed animals is no longer sustainable and results in clearing of rainforests and habitat destruction Methane and other emissions from farming livestock contribute to global warming
Fish Source of proteins and helpful fatty acids
bull Many fish species are endangered due to overfishingbull Concerns of bio-magnification of toxins in the food chain and risks to human health
Milk Source of energy protein calcium
bull Animal welfare issues in intensively-farmed cattle poultry bull Growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and new strains of viruses as a result of
overuse of medication bull Huge demand for land and water to grow crops to feed animals is no longer
sustainable and results in clearing of rainforests and habitat destruction Methane and other emissions from farming livestock contribute to global warming
EggsSource of protein and fats a lsquomeatrsquo alternative in some
cultures
bull Cholesterol health risks associated with too much egg yolk consumption bull Battery-farmed chickens fed hormones in cramped conditions and can be treated
inhumanely Living spaces can be dirty and encourage spread of illness bull Male chicks are routinely culled as they cannot produce eggs
HoneyHoney is a natural sweetener
Bees pollinate many flower species
bull Farmed bees compete with local insect and bee populations for nectar Artificial selection of bees will result in a genetic shift in bee populations
Reducing CholesterolWhat are the health benefits and where is the evidence
Cholesterol is needed in small amounts in the body to produce hormones and plasma membranes In excess it is thought to contribute to atherosclerosis by forming deposits in the arteries Rupture of plaques can cause clots or CHD However this is a paradigm that is being challenged and it highlight the correlation-cause argument
In a review of studies it has been suggested that the link between dietary cholesterol intake and CHD is not logical and that the more likely cause of CHD is a diet high in saturated fats Diets high in saturated fats tend to be high in cholesterol so there is a correlation without necessarily causation
With moderate cholesterol intake the body is able to remove excess with no harmful effect ndash dietary cholesterol is not necessarily converted into plasma cholesterol Plasma cholesterol can be HDL (not harmful) or LDL (plaque-forming)
Extreme intakes may lead to a greater buildup of LDL in atherosclerosis Although there is a small risk of cholesterol leading to CHD the risks of smoking inactivity and heredity are much stronger and more closely related to CHD
Although a cholesterol-controlled diet may slow or reduce the risk of atherosclerosis it must be combined with a healthy diet and lifestyle if it is to have a significant effect on reducing the risk of CHD Image Cholesterol King
httpwwwflickrcomphotos89338458N003539966530Found on flickrccnet
Food MilesWhat is the footprint of your food
Image Pina Colada amp Pineapple - Boca del Drago Isla Colon - Bocas del+Toro+Panama httpwwwflickrcomphotos34325628N056671205461
Found on flickrccnet
Food miles are a measure of the distance a food product travels from rsquoplough to platersquo It is an indicator of the environmental impact of the foods we eat as this travel involves costs in fuel emissions packaging and time the further a product travels the less sustainable it is Some imported foods cost more in energy per gram for their transport than they provide for the consumer
Some consumers prefer to choose locally grown or farmed food products to reduce the costs use of packaging and preservatives use of oilfuel and emissions They may also hope to encourage outlets to use local providers of produce rather than imported goods
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
IBiologyStephen
Image rsquoI can drink by myselfrsquoCopyright Stephen Taylor
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
-
Eating AnimalsWhat are the ethical issues associated with animal products
Image Matadero Iruya IV httpwwwflickrcomphotos54028939N001304768250Found on flickrccnet
Eating AnimalsWhat are the ethical issues associated with animal products
Image Matadero Iruya IV httpwwwflickrcomphotos54028939N001304768250Found on flickrccnet
Food Product Advantages Ethical Concerns
Meat Source of proteins some vitamins and minerals
bull Animal welfare issues in intensively-farmed cattle poultry Pain and suffering in slaughter
bull Growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and new strains of viruses as a result of overuse of medication Use of growth hormones may affect human health such as earlier onset of puberty
bull Huge demand for land and water to grow crops to feed animals is no longer sustainable and results in clearing of rainforests and habitat destruction Methane and other emissions from farming livestock contribute to global warming
Fish Source of proteins and helpful fatty acids
bull Many fish species are endangered due to overfishingbull Concerns of bio-magnification of toxins in the food chain and risks to human health
Milk Source of energy protein calcium
bull Animal welfare issues in intensively-farmed cattle poultry bull Growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and new strains of viruses as a result of
overuse of medication bull Huge demand for land and water to grow crops to feed animals is no longer
sustainable and results in clearing of rainforests and habitat destruction Methane and other emissions from farming livestock contribute to global warming
EggsSource of protein and fats a lsquomeatrsquo alternative in some
cultures
bull Cholesterol health risks associated with too much egg yolk consumption bull Battery-farmed chickens fed hormones in cramped conditions and can be treated
inhumanely Living spaces can be dirty and encourage spread of illness bull Male chicks are routinely culled as they cannot produce eggs
HoneyHoney is a natural sweetener
Bees pollinate many flower species
bull Farmed bees compete with local insect and bee populations for nectar Artificial selection of bees will result in a genetic shift in bee populations
Reducing CholesterolWhat are the health benefits and where is the evidence
Cholesterol is needed in small amounts in the body to produce hormones and plasma membranes In excess it is thought to contribute to atherosclerosis by forming deposits in the arteries Rupture of plaques can cause clots or CHD However this is a paradigm that is being challenged and it highlight the correlation-cause argument
In a review of studies it has been suggested that the link between dietary cholesterol intake and CHD is not logical and that the more likely cause of CHD is a diet high in saturated fats Diets high in saturated fats tend to be high in cholesterol so there is a correlation without necessarily causation
With moderate cholesterol intake the body is able to remove excess with no harmful effect ndash dietary cholesterol is not necessarily converted into plasma cholesterol Plasma cholesterol can be HDL (not harmful) or LDL (plaque-forming)
Extreme intakes may lead to a greater buildup of LDL in atherosclerosis Although there is a small risk of cholesterol leading to CHD the risks of smoking inactivity and heredity are much stronger and more closely related to CHD
Although a cholesterol-controlled diet may slow or reduce the risk of atherosclerosis it must be combined with a healthy diet and lifestyle if it is to have a significant effect on reducing the risk of CHD Image Cholesterol King
httpwwwflickrcomphotos89338458N003539966530Found on flickrccnet
Food MilesWhat is the footprint of your food
Image Pina Colada amp Pineapple - Boca del Drago Isla Colon - Bocas del+Toro+Panama httpwwwflickrcomphotos34325628N056671205461
Found on flickrccnet
Food miles are a measure of the distance a food product travels from rsquoplough to platersquo It is an indicator of the environmental impact of the foods we eat as this travel involves costs in fuel emissions packaging and time the further a product travels the less sustainable it is Some imported foods cost more in energy per gram for their transport than they provide for the consumer
Some consumers prefer to choose locally grown or farmed food products to reduce the costs use of packaging and preservatives use of oilfuel and emissions They may also hope to encourage outlets to use local providers of produce rather than imported goods
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
IBiologyStephen
Image rsquoI can drink by myselfrsquoCopyright Stephen Taylor
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
-
Eating AnimalsWhat are the ethical issues associated with animal products
Image Matadero Iruya IV httpwwwflickrcomphotos54028939N001304768250Found on flickrccnet
Food Product Advantages Ethical Concerns
Meat Source of proteins some vitamins and minerals
bull Animal welfare issues in intensively-farmed cattle poultry Pain and suffering in slaughter
bull Growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and new strains of viruses as a result of overuse of medication Use of growth hormones may affect human health such as earlier onset of puberty
bull Huge demand for land and water to grow crops to feed animals is no longer sustainable and results in clearing of rainforests and habitat destruction Methane and other emissions from farming livestock contribute to global warming
Fish Source of proteins and helpful fatty acids
bull Many fish species are endangered due to overfishingbull Concerns of bio-magnification of toxins in the food chain and risks to human health
Milk Source of energy protein calcium
bull Animal welfare issues in intensively-farmed cattle poultry bull Growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and new strains of viruses as a result of
overuse of medication bull Huge demand for land and water to grow crops to feed animals is no longer
sustainable and results in clearing of rainforests and habitat destruction Methane and other emissions from farming livestock contribute to global warming
EggsSource of protein and fats a lsquomeatrsquo alternative in some
cultures
bull Cholesterol health risks associated with too much egg yolk consumption bull Battery-farmed chickens fed hormones in cramped conditions and can be treated
inhumanely Living spaces can be dirty and encourage spread of illness bull Male chicks are routinely culled as they cannot produce eggs
HoneyHoney is a natural sweetener
Bees pollinate many flower species
bull Farmed bees compete with local insect and bee populations for nectar Artificial selection of bees will result in a genetic shift in bee populations
Reducing CholesterolWhat are the health benefits and where is the evidence
Cholesterol is needed in small amounts in the body to produce hormones and plasma membranes In excess it is thought to contribute to atherosclerosis by forming deposits in the arteries Rupture of plaques can cause clots or CHD However this is a paradigm that is being challenged and it highlight the correlation-cause argument
In a review of studies it has been suggested that the link between dietary cholesterol intake and CHD is not logical and that the more likely cause of CHD is a diet high in saturated fats Diets high in saturated fats tend to be high in cholesterol so there is a correlation without necessarily causation
With moderate cholesterol intake the body is able to remove excess with no harmful effect ndash dietary cholesterol is not necessarily converted into plasma cholesterol Plasma cholesterol can be HDL (not harmful) or LDL (plaque-forming)
Extreme intakes may lead to a greater buildup of LDL in atherosclerosis Although there is a small risk of cholesterol leading to CHD the risks of smoking inactivity and heredity are much stronger and more closely related to CHD
Although a cholesterol-controlled diet may slow or reduce the risk of atherosclerosis it must be combined with a healthy diet and lifestyle if it is to have a significant effect on reducing the risk of CHD Image Cholesterol King
httpwwwflickrcomphotos89338458N003539966530Found on flickrccnet
Food MilesWhat is the footprint of your food
Image Pina Colada amp Pineapple - Boca del Drago Isla Colon - Bocas del+Toro+Panama httpwwwflickrcomphotos34325628N056671205461
Found on flickrccnet
Food miles are a measure of the distance a food product travels from rsquoplough to platersquo It is an indicator of the environmental impact of the foods we eat as this travel involves costs in fuel emissions packaging and time the further a product travels the less sustainable it is Some imported foods cost more in energy per gram for their transport than they provide for the consumer
Some consumers prefer to choose locally grown or farmed food products to reduce the costs use of packaging and preservatives use of oilfuel and emissions They may also hope to encourage outlets to use local providers of produce rather than imported goods
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
IBiologyStephen
Image rsquoI can drink by myselfrsquoCopyright Stephen Taylor
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
-
Reducing CholesterolWhat are the health benefits and where is the evidence
Cholesterol is needed in small amounts in the body to produce hormones and plasma membranes In excess it is thought to contribute to atherosclerosis by forming deposits in the arteries Rupture of plaques can cause clots or CHD However this is a paradigm that is being challenged and it highlight the correlation-cause argument
In a review of studies it has been suggested that the link between dietary cholesterol intake and CHD is not logical and that the more likely cause of CHD is a diet high in saturated fats Diets high in saturated fats tend to be high in cholesterol so there is a correlation without necessarily causation
With moderate cholesterol intake the body is able to remove excess with no harmful effect ndash dietary cholesterol is not necessarily converted into plasma cholesterol Plasma cholesterol can be HDL (not harmful) or LDL (plaque-forming)
Extreme intakes may lead to a greater buildup of LDL in atherosclerosis Although there is a small risk of cholesterol leading to CHD the risks of smoking inactivity and heredity are much stronger and more closely related to CHD
Although a cholesterol-controlled diet may slow or reduce the risk of atherosclerosis it must be combined with a healthy diet and lifestyle if it is to have a significant effect on reducing the risk of CHD Image Cholesterol King
httpwwwflickrcomphotos89338458N003539966530Found on flickrccnet
Food MilesWhat is the footprint of your food
Image Pina Colada amp Pineapple - Boca del Drago Isla Colon - Bocas del+Toro+Panama httpwwwflickrcomphotos34325628N056671205461
Found on flickrccnet
Food miles are a measure of the distance a food product travels from rsquoplough to platersquo It is an indicator of the environmental impact of the foods we eat as this travel involves costs in fuel emissions packaging and time the further a product travels the less sustainable it is Some imported foods cost more in energy per gram for their transport than they provide for the consumer
Some consumers prefer to choose locally grown or farmed food products to reduce the costs use of packaging and preservatives use of oilfuel and emissions They may also hope to encourage outlets to use local providers of produce rather than imported goods
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
IBiologyStephen
Image rsquoI can drink by myselfrsquoCopyright Stephen Taylor
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
-
Food MilesWhat is the footprint of your food
Image Pina Colada amp Pineapple - Boca del Drago Isla Colon - Bocas del+Toro+Panama httpwwwflickrcomphotos34325628N056671205461
Found on flickrccnet
Food miles are a measure of the distance a food product travels from rsquoplough to platersquo It is an indicator of the environmental impact of the foods we eat as this travel involves costs in fuel emissions packaging and time the further a product travels the less sustainable it is Some imported foods cost more in energy per gram for their transport than they provide for the consumer
Some consumers prefer to choose locally grown or farmed food products to reduce the costs use of packaging and preservatives use of oilfuel and emissions They may also hope to encourage outlets to use local providers of produce rather than imported goods
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
IBiologyStephen
Image rsquoI can drink by myselfrsquoCopyright Stephen Taylor
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
-
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
IBiologyStephen
Image rsquoI can drink by myselfrsquoCopyright Stephen Taylor
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
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