A World of Change The West Between the Wars Chapter 9 Section 1 CA Standards 10.6.1, 10.6.2, 10.6.3,...
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Transcript of A World of Change The West Between the Wars Chapter 9 Section 1 CA Standards 10.6.1, 10.6.2, 10.6.3,...
A World of Change
The West Between the WarsChapter 9
Section 1 CA Standards 10.6.1, 10.6.2, 10.6.3, 10.6.8Section 2 CA Standards 10.6.3, 10.7.1, 10.7.2, 10.7.3
Section 3 CA Standards 10.7.3, 10.8.5
After the Great War (After World War I)
Section 1
• Treaty of Versailles– Created League of Nations• Weak due to United States not joining
– Demanded Germany Pay Allied Forces for damages• France demanded that Germany pay them 132 billion
marks = 33 billion U.S. Dollars
Money Troubles
• France demanded money from Germany– Germany did not have the money– France took over the Ruhr Valley, which had mines
and industry, as supplemental payment• Germany started to print money to pay France– This caused inflation
Money Does not grow on trees, so Germany just printed money instead
Money Troubles ContinuedRate of Inflation
Year German Mark U.S. Dollar
1914 4.2 1
1919 9 1
1922 500 1
1923 (January) 18,000 1
1923 (July) 350,000 1
1923 (August) 5,000,000 (5 million) 1
1923 (November) 4,200,000,000,000 (4.2 trillion) 1
- Children would play with money like it was a toy
- People would be paid three times a day and carry money in trunks or barrels
- Women would burn money because it was cheaper than firewood -It would cost thousands
of marks to mail a letter
Solution to the Problem
• Dawes Plan– America loaned Germany money to pay France– $200 million loaned to Germany
• The Treaty of Locarno– Guaranteed Germany’s new western boarders
Problems to the Solution
• Circular Borrowing
3
2
4
1 - US to Germany 2 - Germany to France3 - France to England4 - England to US
1
The Cycle is Broken
• The Stock Market Crash (1929)– Leads to Great Depression in United States
• Leads to World Wide Depression• Effects of Depression– Government Involvement– Renewed interest in Marxist doctrines and
Communism– Lead people to follow Political Leaders with simple
solutions = Dictatorship = Fascism
The Rise of Dictatorial RegimesSection 2
• Fascism: a system of government that stresses nationalism and places interest of the state above the individual
• Characteristics of Fascism– Dictatorial, one party rule– Individual rights denied– Supremacy of the state– Fervent nationalism– Scapegoating
Fascist Party in Italy
• Lead by Benito Mussolini• Kind of totalitarian state– Definition: Government that aims to control the
political, economical, social, intellectual, and cultural lives of its citizens
– Lead by Single Leader and Single Political Party• Mussolini Aligns with Adolf Hitler
Fascism in Russia• Lead by Joseph Stalin• Created a Communist Party• Stalin arranged for millions of people to be
killed if they opposed the government (The Great Purges)
• An era of economic, social, and political revolutions– Five Year Plan
• Focus on economy• Government took control of farms (collectivization)• Government took control of armaments• Government took control of capital goods
Fascism in Spain
• Lead by Francisco Franco• Spanish Military revolted against Government– Caused Civil War– Assisted by Hitler and Mussolini
• Franco’s dictatorship is an authoritarian regime
Hitler and Nazi GermanySection 3
• Nazi Party emerged after WWI– German Workers’ Party National Socialist
German Workers’ Party (Nazi)• Hitler organized Beer Hall Putsch– Revolt against the government– Hitler was arrested, put into jail– wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle) while in jail
• Hitler becomes Chancellor legally– He was VOTED into office
Change in Germany
• Economic Change– Public work projects and grants to recover from
Depression• Government Control of Public Institutions– Churches and all types of schools were under
government control and told to support Hitler
Changes in Germany Continued
• Anti-Semitic Policies– Hatred towards Jews– Not defined by religion, but by ethnicity– Nuremberg Laws excluded Jews from German
citizenship• Jew was defined if you had a Jewish grandparent• Marriage between Germans and Jews was forbidden• Jews required to wear a yellow star and identification
cards
Kristallnacht
• Kristallnacht = “Night of Shattered Glass”• Destruction against Jews by Nazi Germans– November 9, 1938– Nazis burned Synagogues (Jewish places of
worship)– Nazis destroyed at least 7,000 businesses– At least 100 Jews were killed– 30,000 male Jews were taken to concentration
camps
World War IIPaths to War
Chapter 11Section 1 CA Standards 10.7.3, 10.8, 10.8.1, 10.8.2
Paths to WarSection 1
Country Aggression
• Japan invades Manchuria in 1931– Nanjing “raped” in 1937
• Mussolini invades Ethiopia– Denounced by the League of Nations
• Hitler rebuilds German army to 600,000– Condemned by League of Nations– Against agreement of Treaty of Versailles
• Franco’s Civil War in Spain
Germany (Hitler’s) Demands
• Austria– Anschluss proposed
by Hitler• Rhineland– DMZ Buffer Zone
near France• Sudetenland– Czech. border with
Germany
Policies of the WestHitler is Unchecked
• Fascists get more aggressive• Europe drifts towards war• Attitudes of other countries– U.S. Isolation• Great Depression• WWI just ended and did not want to enter another war
– England and France Appeasement• Munich Conference• Economic depression• Did not want another war• Easier to look away from activities in Europe
Hitler’s Deal with Stalin
• Nazi-Soviet nonaggression pact– Prevents Germany from a two-front war
“Give a Man an Inch”
• Hitler is never satisfied, he always wants more• Hitler controls:– The rest of Czechoslovakia (1938)– Demands Danzig, Poland• United Kingdom and France promise to support Poland
if Hitler invades• Hitler invades on 9 - 1 – 1939 causing England and
France to FINALLY declare war on Germany
• World War II begins