Cosmological Information Ue-Li Pen Tingting Lu Olivier Dore.
A TIDBIT by: Pat, Tammy, Marcie, Debbie, Eric and Tingting Stamped DNA How ‘imprinting’ affects...
-
Upload
ireland-kimbro -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
0
Transcript of A TIDBIT by: Pat, Tammy, Marcie, Debbie, Eric and Tingting Stamped DNA How ‘imprinting’ affects...
A TIDBIT by: A TIDBIT by: Pat, Tammy, Marcie, Pat, Tammy, Marcie, Debbie, Eric and TingtingDebbie, Eric and Tingting
Stamped DNA Stamped DNA How ‘imprinting’ affects How ‘imprinting’ affects inheritanceinheritance
Group 2: Heredity
Teachable Unit: Epigenetics
Context
•Class: sophomore level genetics class ~ 50-150 students
• Previous concepts: Mendelian inheritance, DNA structure, intro molecular genetics
•Reading assignment for class: Text information on epigenetics
•This is the first lesson in the unit, but it will be followed by two lessons on mechanism and other epigenetic phenomena.
•Since this topic has more challenging content, we have chosen to use guided active learning to help students construct a knowledge base, followed by more challenging homework assignments.
•The unit will have 2 additional lessons or tidbits.
Misconceptions All inheritance is based on DNA nucleotide
sequence.
All human genes are equally expressed from both alleles.
All genetic diseases are caused by a point mutation.
The active genome of males and females is the same.
Unit Learning Goals and Flow of Content
Students will understand:
The concepts of epigenetics. Overview and definitions
Contrast with Mendelian Inheritance
The molecular basis of different types of epigenetic phenomena. Imprinting: Normal and Disease states
Histone Modification
RNA interference
Prions
That epigenetics contributes to both diversity and disease.
Environmental impacts on the epigenome
Epigenetic determinants of cancer
Prader-Willi Angelman
These two very different syndromes are caused by the same deletion
Learning Outcomes for Today
Students will define imprinting.
Contrast imprinting and Mendelian inheritance.
Predict an outcome from a genetic cross involving non-Mendelian inheritance.
What is Imprinting? Imprinted chromosomes are “marked”
Imprinting differs in sperm and egg
Imprinting turns off specific genes
Imprinting does not change the nucleotide sequence
CH3 CH3
Think-Pair-Share/ review from last semester
Hypothesize some ways that the DNA is imprinted?
Formative Assessment; Bloom’s Synthesis (3/4)
DNA can be Methylated on cytosine residues
Gene expression
activeGene
expression inactive
-CH3 (METHYL group)
Gene A Paternal
Gene A Maternal
XCH3CH3
XCH3CH3
Mendelian ImprintedA mutation in Gene A may cause a change in phenotype when:
Dominant
Recessive
Maternally
imprinted
Paternally
imprinted
1. The maternal copy is mutated
2. The paternal copy is mutated
3. When both copies are mutated With your clicker, press A for “yes” and B for “no”
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Formative Assessment; Recall; Bloom’s 1
Formative Assessment; Analyze; Bloom’s 3/4
Mutation
Mutation
Mutation
CLICKER:
Based on the figure below, which proteins are normally produced?
Click A for protein A B for protein BC for BOTHD for NEITHER
ANSWER = BOTH
A
B
CLICKER:
Which proteins are produced with maternal deletion?
Click A for protein A B for protein BC for BOTHD for NEITHER
ANSWER = only protein A is made
A
CLICKER:
Which proteins are produced with paternal deletion?
Click A for protein A B for protein BC for BOTHD for NEITHER
ANSWER = only protein B is made
B
Gene A Maternal
XCH3CH3 Gene B
Gene A Maternal
XCH3CH3 Gene B
Normal
Paternal deletion
Maternal deletion
Gene A Paternal
Gene BX
CH3CH3
Paternal
Gene A Paternal
Gene BX
CH3CH3
Maternal
[ ]
[ ]
A
A
B
B
Prader-Willi Angelman
These two very different syndromes are caused by the same deletion
Compose a 1 minute essay that explains the basis for the difference between Prader-Willi and Angelman.
Formative assessment; Bloom’s level Analysis 3
Homework: To further assess your understanding of Mendelian inheritance versus inheritance of imprinted genes
• Is this disease dominant? Why or why not?
• Is this disease recessive? Why or why not?
• Can the disease be inherited from the paternal side?
• Can the disease be inherited from the maternal side?
• Does this show Mendelian inheritance?
1. Define imprinting in your own words.
2. Look at the following pedigree and answer the questions below.
Entrance Ticket: Parthenogenesis (“Virgin Birth”)
Parthenogenesis is the ability of some species to produce offspring without any male involvement
Parthenogenesis is observed in various animal species, but not mammals
How could imprinting prevent parthenogenesis?
Formative Assessment; Bloom’s Analyze, 4
SCIENTIFIC TEACHING
Active Learning
Clicker
Brainstorming (think-pair-share)
Group problem solving
Entrance ticket
Call-out
Assessment-all of above formative
Individual take-home questions are summative
Diversity
Auditory/visual
Social learning and individual work
Goals Active Learning/Assessment
Bloom’s Level/Verb
Define Epigenetics and Imprinting
Think/Pair/ ShareBrainstorming
Summative: Homework/write in your own words
Hypothesize/grapple with/3-4
Define/1
Contrast imprinting and Mendelian inheritance.
Worksheet activity/ individual/Peer interaction/Group problem solving/call out/clicker assessment
Recall/1
Analyze/3-4
Predict an outcome from a genetic cross involving non-Mendalian inheritance.
Formative/visual/clicker questions
1 minute essay
Summative:Homework/ Pedigree/Parthenogenesis
Predict/ 3
Compose/Explain/Analyze/3
Analyze/Predict/relate/3-4