A Systematic, Multi-Criteria Decision Support Framework

for Sustainable Drainage Design

Jo-fai Chow, Dragan Savić,David Fortune,Zoran Kapelan,Netsanet Mebrate

You can download this presentation fromhttp://tinyurl.com/chow-iahr2013

photo's courtesy of www.pptbackgrounds.net

About this Presentation

• Background• Multiple Benefits (Green Values) of

Sustainable Drainage Systems• Systematic Evaluation Framework with

Application Examples• Maximising Multiple Benefits• Conclusions

02 of 14slides

Background

• Trends in Drainage Industry• Moving towards a sustainable

approach

03 of 14slides

Sustainable & BalancedApproach

Traditional & BiasedApproach

Water Quantity Water Quality

Other Benefits

Water Quantity

Water Quality

Background

• Trends in Drainage Industry• Moving towards a sustainable

approach• Challenge

• Lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design

03 of 14slides

Sustainable & BalancedApproach

Traditional & BiasedApproach

Water Quantity Water Quality

Other Benefits

Water Quantity

Water Quality

Background

• Trends in Drainage Industry• Moving towards a sustainable

approach• Challenge

• Lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design

• Objective• To develop a new decision support

system for sustainable drainage design

03 of 14slides

Sustainable & BalancedApproach

Traditional & BiasedApproach

Water Quantity Water Quality

Other Benefits

Water Quantity

Water Quality

Background

• Trends in Drainage Industry• Moving towards a sustainable

approach• Challenge

• Lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design

• Objective• To develop a new decision support

system for sustainable drainage design

• Collaboration• Funded by EPSRC and XP

Solutions• Supervised by Uni. of Exeter, XP

Solutions and STREAM IDC

03 of 14slides

Sustainable & BalancedApproach

Traditional & BiasedApproach

Water Quantity Water Quality

Other Benefits

Water Quantity

Water Quality

Green Values (Multiple Benefits) of Sustainable Drainage Systems

• Water Quantity Reduction• Runoff reduction, flood risk mgt., re-

use

04 of 14slides

photo's courtesy of XP Solutions photo's courtesy of ReneCreate

Green Values (Multiple Benefits) of Sustainable Drainage Systems

• Water Quantity Reduction• Runoff reduction, flood risk mgt., re-

use• Water Quality Improvement

• On-site treatment

04 of 14slides

photo's courtesy of XP Solutions photo's courtesy of ReneCreate

photo's courtesy of EMPowerHouse

photo's courtesy of

roanokeoutside.com

photo's courtesy of nzconservation.wordpress.c

om

Green Values (Multiple Benefits) of Sustainable Drainage Systems

• Water Quantity Reduction• Runoff reduction, flood risk mgt., re-

use• Water Quality Improvement

• On-site treatment• Environmental Impact

• Cleaner water & air, amenity, biodiversity, recreation, community

04 of 14slides

photo's courtesy of XP Solutions photo's courtesy of ReneCreate

photo's courtesy of EMPowerHouse

photo's courtesy of

roanokeoutside.com

photo's courtesy of nzconservation.wordpress.c

om

photo's courtesy of Arup photo's courtesy of Polypipe

Green Values (Multiple Benefits) of Sustainable Drainage Systems

• Water Quantity Reduction• Runoff reduction, flood risk mgt., re-

use• Water Quality Improvement

• On-site treatment• Environmental Impact

• Cleaner water & air, amenity, biodiversity, recreation, community

• Energy Saving• Less cooling/heating, reduced carbon

footprint

04 of 14slides

photo's courtesy of XP Solutions photo's courtesy of ReneCreate

photo's courtesy of EMPowerHouse

photo's courtesy of

roanokeoutside.com

photo's courtesy of nzconservation.wordpress.c

om

photo's courtesy of Arup photo's courtesy of Polypipe

photo's courtesy of gregwalcher.wordpress.co

mphoto's courtesy

of china.org.cn

Green Values (Multiple Benefits) of Sustainable Drainage Systems

• Water Quantity Reduction• Runoff reduction, flood risk mgt., re-

use• Water Quality Improvement

• On-site treatment• Environmental Impact

• Cleaner water & air, amenity, biodiversity, recreation, community

• Energy Saving• Less cooling/heating, reduced carbon

footprint• Green Image of Business

04 of 14slides

photo's courtesy of XP Solutions photo's courtesy of ReneCreate

photo's courtesy of EMPowerHouse

photo's courtesy of

roanokeoutside.com

photo's courtesy of nzconservation.wordpress.c

om

photo's courtesy of Arup photo's courtesy of Polypipe

photo's courtesy of gregwalcher.wordpress.co

mphoto's courtesy

of china.org.cn

photo's courtesy of Deloitte

Quantifying Green Values:From Good Feelings to Real Numbers 05 of 14

slides

Calculations based onprevious research projectsand case studies. For more information:1.Conference Paper2.This presentation online

(tinyurl.com/greenvalues)

Putting the Numbers Together: A Systematic Evaluation Framework 06 of 14

slides

Putting the Numbers Together: A Systematic Evaluation Framework 06 of 14

slides

Information from a typical drainage model (e.g. Type, Size, Location)

Four main categories of performance measures.

Putting the Numbers Together: A Systematic Evaluation Framework 06 of 14

slides

Key performance indicators (KPIs) calculated for each infrastructure.

Putting the Numbers Together: A Systematic Evaluation Framework 06 of 14

slides

Using physical attributes & location of infrastructures to calculate costs.

Putting the Numbers Together: A Systematic Evaluation Framework 06 of 14

slides

Calculate monetary measures of benefits based on KPIs.

Putting the Numbers Together: A Systematic Evaluation Framework 06 of 14

slides

Consider costs and benefits over the design life of systems.

Putting the Numbers Together: A Systematic Evaluation Framework 06 of 14

slides

Drainage Model

Putting the Numbers Together: A Systematic Evaluation Framework 06 of 14

slides

Multiple

Benefits

Monetary Benefits

Costs

Cost-Benefit Analysis

Using the Framework – Inputs:Components in a Drainage Design Model 07 of 14

slides

BioretentionBioretention

PermeablePaving

Wetland

Swale

Swale

photo's courtesy of XP Solutions

Flow

Using the Framework – Outputs:Operational and Capital Expenditure 08 of 14

slides

Using the Framework – Outputs:Operational and Capital Expenditure 08 of 14

slides

Swales are relatively cheap to build and maintain.

Using the Framework – Outputs:Operational and Capital Expenditure 08 of 14

slides

Permeable paving costs a lot more to build and maintain.

Using the Framework – Outputs:Operational and Capital Expenditure 08 of 14

slides

Question: can the costs be justified?

Using the Framework – Outputs:Key Performance Measures 09 of 14

slides

Using the Framework – Outputs:Key Performance Measures 09 of 14

slides

Permeable paving can effectively reduce runoff via infiltration

… but it does not add amenity value to the community.

Using the Framework – Outputs:Key Performance Measures 09 of 14

slides

At a fraction of the cost, swales can provide moderate runoff reduction

and increase the amenity value as a result of the green surface areas.

Using the Framework – Outputs:Key Performance Measures 09 of 14

slides

Goal: moving away from subjective opinions to a systematic comparison.

Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages

Comparing Different Approaches: Sustainable vs. Traditional 10 of 14

slides

BioretentionPermeablePaving

BioretentionWetland

Swale

Swalephoto's courtesy of allbiz

Let’s consider the sustainable design example discussed in previous slides again.

What if we replace the swales and wetland with storage tanks?

Comparing Different Approaches: Sustainable vs. Traditional 10 of 14

slides

BioretentionPermeablePaving

BioretentionWetland

Swale

Swalephoto's courtesy of allbiz

Storage Tank

Let’s consider the sustainable design example discussed in previous slides again.

What if we replace the swales and wetland with storage tanks?

Comparing Different Approaches: Sustainable vs. Traditional 10 of 14

slides

BioretentionPermeablePaving

BioretentionWetland

Swale

Swalephoto's courtesy of allbiz

Storage TankQuestion: is it worth considering the green approach after all?What do you think?

Let’s consider the sustainable design example discussed in previous slides again.

What if we replace the swales and wetland with storage tanks?

Comparing Different Approaches: Sustainable vs. Traditional 11 of 14

slides

Comparing Different Approaches: Sustainable vs. Traditional 11 of 14

slides

Sustainable approach can provide multiple benefits in addition to water management.

Comparing Different Approaches: Sustainable vs. Traditional 11 of 14

slides

Sustainable approach costs about the same to operate, much less to build yet a lot more for the land occupied when compared to traditional approach.

Comparing Different Approaches: Sustainable vs. Traditional 11 of 14

slides

In this case, the framework suggests similar long-term costs for both approaches.

Comparing Different Approaches: Sustainable vs. Traditional 11 of 14

slides

(Let me repeat the key message again…)Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages.Goal: moving away from subjective opinions to a systematic, evidence-based comparison.

Going Beyond Evaluation:Maximising Multiple Benefits 12 of 14

slides

•Design Consideration:• Legislative Requirements

Going Beyond Evaluation:Maximising Multiple Benefits 12 of 14

slides

•Design Consideration:• Legislative Requirements• Location

Going Beyond Evaluation:Maximising Multiple Benefits 12 of 14

slides

•Design Consideration:• Legislative Requirements• Location• Sizing

Going Beyond Evaluation:Maximising Multiple Benefits 12 of 14

slides

•Design Consideration:• Legislative Requirements• Location• Sizing• Type & Order

?

?

??

?

?

Going Beyond Evaluation:Maximising Multiple Benefits 12 of 14

slides

•Design Consideration:• Legislative Requirements• Location• Sizing• Type & Order

• Identifying Trade-offs:• Financial Consideration• Multiple Benefits

?

?

??

?

?

Going Beyond Evaluation:Maximising Multiple Benefits 12 of 14

slides

•Design Consideration:• Legislative Requirements• Location• Sizing• Type & Order

• Identifying Trade-offs:• Financial Consideration• Multiple Benefits• Multi-objective

optimisation

?

?

??

?

?

photo's courtesy of University of Sheffield

photo's courtesy of XP Solutions

photo's courtesy of BME Imaging

photo's courtesy of bfrss.org.uk

Conclusions 13 of 14slides

• Challenges: lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design.

Conclusions 13 of 14slides

• Challenges: lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design.

• Aim: to develop a new decision support system.

Conclusions 13 of 14slides

• Challenges: lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design.

• Aim: to develop a new decision support system.• Why green infrastructures? Because they can offer

multiple benefits in addition to water management.

Conclusions 13 of 14slides

• Challenges: lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design.

• Aim: to develop a new decision support system.• Why green infrastructures? Because they can offer

multiple benefits in addition to water management.• Quantifying green values with KPIs and monetary

measures.

Conclusions 13 of 14slides

• Challenges: lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design.

• Aim: to develop a new decision support system.• Why green infrastructures? Because they can offer

multiple benefits in addition to water management.• Quantifying green values with KPIs and monetary

measures.• A systematic evaluation framework – a better tool

for optioneering.

Conclusions 13 of 14slides

• Challenges: lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design.

• Aim: to develop a new decision support system.• Why green infrastructures? Because they can offer

multiple benefits in addition to water management.• Quantifying green values with KPIs and monetary

measures.• A systematic evaluation framework – a better tool

for optioneering.• Integration with multi-objective optimisation –

encourage the consideration of multiple benefits.

Conclusions 13 of 14slides

• Challenges: lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design.

• Aim: to develop a new decision support system.• Why green infrastructures? Because they can offer

multiple benefits in addition to water management.• Quantifying green values with KPIs and monetary

measures.• A systematic evaluation framework – a better tool

for optioneering.• Integration with multi-objective optimisation –

encourage the consideration of multiple benefits.• Research outputs for industrial sponsor: new features

in their drainage design software suite.

Conclusions 13 of 14slides

• Challenges: lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design.

• Aim: to develop a new decision support system.• Why green infrastructures? Because they can offer

multiple benefits in addition to water management.• Quantifying green values with KPIs and monetary

measures.• A systematic evaluation framework – a better tool

for optioneering.• Integration with multi-objective optimisation –

encourage the consideration of multiple benefits.• Research outputs for industrial sponsor: new features

in their drainage design software suite.• “Essentially, all models are wrong, but some are

useful.” – Professor George E.P. Box photo's courtesy of Amazon

Acknowledgement 14 of 14slides

David Fortune and Netsanet MebrateXP Solutions

Professors Dragan Savić and Zoran Kapelan,University of Exeter

Thank you for your attention Any questions?

jo-fai.chow@stream-idc.nethttp://tinyurl.com/chow-iahr2013

http://tinyurl.com/greenvalueshttp://tinyurl.com/xpdrainage

XPDrainage Software Demo:Monday (16th Sep) AfternoonShanghai

Additional Information:Capital and Operational Expenditure Extra

slides

Additional Information:Estimation of Annual Reduced Runoff (m3) Extra

slides

Additional Information:Annual Energy Savings Extra

slides

Additional Information:Amenity Value of New Habitats

Extraslides

Additional Information:Determining Locations - Height Map Extra

slides

HIGH

LOW

Natural Flow Pattern(General)

Additional Information:Determining Locations - Deluge Extra

slides

Natural Ponding

Additional Information:Determining Locations – Site Layout Extra

slides

Draft site layout based on land value and expected

return

Additional Information:Determining Locations – Mimic The Nature Extra

slides

Mini Sub-catchments

Sustainable DrainageSystems

Mimicking NaturalFlow Patterns

Additional Information:Comparing Multiple Design Options

Different design options.

Comparing multiple benefits with parallel coordinates.

Comparing cost-benefits for different options.

Extraslides