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A Study On Perception Of Illness And Health Seeking Behaviour Among Community In Selected Villages In Samarahan District
Haironi H, Zainab T, Aye AA & Khatijah Y.Dept of Community Medicine & Public Health,
Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences,Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
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Introduction
• Illness perception is based on beliefs or cognitive representations that a patient has about their illness.
• Its components include • the name of the illness• range of symptoms associated with it• beliefs on cause of the illness• how long it will last, personal consequences if
any• and the extent in which the illness is amenable
to personal control or require treatment.
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
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Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
Literature Review
• Illness perception– Important determinants of behaviour
and associated with important outcomes in treatment adherence and functional recovery (Petrie, Jago & Devcich, 2007)
– Strong associations exist between illness perception and use of healthcare (Giri et al, 2009)
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Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
Literature Review (2)
• Health seeking behaviour– Utilization of a health care system is
dependent on various factors, either physical, socio-economic, cultural or political influence (Shaikh & Hatcher, 2004)
– Various models have been used to explain behavioural changes in utilization of health care including the Health Belief Model and Theory of Planned Behaviour
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Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
Literature Review (3)
• Health seeking behaviour– Influenced by socio-economic
variables, age, sex, social status of women, type of illness, access to services and perceived quality of service (MacKian, 2003)
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Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
Objectives
• To determine the pattern of health seeking behaviour and perception of illness in 4 selected villages in Samarahan
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Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
Methodology
• Cross sectional study• 4 selected villages in Samarahan
– Kampung Tanjong Bundong– Kampung Baru– Kampung Niup– Kampung Tanjong Parang
• Simple Random sampling
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Area of Study
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
Samarahan District• Population 246,782
(2010)• Race – Malays,
Bidayuh, Iban and Chinese
• Main activity – agriculture
• 4 villages situated 10-20 km from the nearest clinic
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Questionnaire
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
• Interviewed, 2 parts of questionnaire• Part I (Perception on illness)
– Diet, physical activity, immunization, antenatal follow-up, pap smear, breast self-examination, sexual promiscuity, alcohol and substance abuse, cigarette smoking and general perception on health
• Part II (factors on health seeking behaviour)– Traditional medicine practices, vitamin
and supplement intake, treatment preferences and beliefs on illness
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Distribution of respondents by village
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Distribution of respondents by gender
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
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Choice of seeking treatment preferred
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Types of traditional medicine used
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Intake of vitamins & supplements
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Belief on cause of illness
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Perception score
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
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Perception score by village
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
Poor Perception Good Perception
Kpg Tanjung Bundong
12 27
Kpg Baru 13 26
Kpg Niup 14 27
Kpg Tanjung Parang 14 24
53 104
(χ2 = 0.323, df = 3, p = 0.956)
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Perception and vitamin intake
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Good Perception Poor Perception
Vitamin intake - yes 72 35
Vitamin intake - no 32 30
(χ2 = 9.806, df = 1, p = 0.02)
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Gender and Beliefs on cause of illness
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Males Females
Beliefs - yes 62 27
Beliefs - no 34 34
(χ2 = 6.276, df = 1, p = 0.012)
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Discussion
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
• Despite living in rural areas, government health clinics is still the preferred centre for seeking treatment among this community.
• However a large proportion of the community surveyed still use traditional medicine, vitamin intake and believed that illness is due to causes other than micro-organisms.
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Discussion
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
• Those taking vitamin and supplements were noted to have better perception on health. – Daily multivitamin intake, especially
among the elderly has been shown to reduce number of illness days due to infection by 50% (Jasti et al, 2003)
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Discussion
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
• Males were noted to be more likely to believe that illness is due to causes other than micro-organisms– Studies on gender difference have shown
that more women visited traditional healers before diagnosis and men tended to visit government medical establishments first (Yamasaki-Nakagawa et al, 2001)
– Prevailing system of values preserves the segregation of sexes and confinement of women to her home (Shaikh & Hatcher, 2005)
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Conclusion
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
• Majority of respondents in this community still preferred to seek treatment from government health centres, despite its distance.
• Despite utilization of the health care system, a large proportion of the surveyed community practice traditional medicine and vitamin supplements.
• Most of the respondents surveyed have good perception to health, particularly those taking vitamin supplements
• Patient’s perception to illness can influence their coping ability, compliance to treatment and functional recovery.
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Thank You