A Strategy for Academic Libraries in the First Quarter of the 21 st Century (with a Focus on...
-
Upload
johnathan-stevens -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
1
Transcript of A Strategy for Academic Libraries in the First Quarter of the 21 st Century (with a Focus on...
A Strategy for Academic Libraries in the First Quarter of
the 21st Century(with a Focus on Content)
A Strategy for Academic Libraries in the First Quarter of
the 21st Century(with a Focus on Content)
David W. Lewis
CSU Libraries Futures Summit
June 7, 2007
David W. Lewis
CSU Libraries Futures Summit
June 7, 2007
© 2007 David W. Lewis. Permission to use this work is granted under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (2.5). You are free: to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work Under the following conditions: 1. You must attribute the work; 2. You may not use this work for commercial purposes, and 3. You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. Any of these conditions can be waived with permission of the copyright holder. Your fair use and other rights are in no way affected by the above.
"You've got to be careful if you don't know where you're going ‘cause you might not get there!"
— Yogi Berra
"You've got to be careful if you don't know where you're going ‘cause you might not get there!"
— Yogi Berra
“When you come to a fork in the road, take it.”
“Always go to other people’s funerals, otherwise they won’t go to yours.”
— Yogi Berra
“When you come to a fork in the road, take it.”
“Always go to other people’s funerals, otherwise they won’t go to yours.”
— Yogi Berra
“Because of the fundamental role that academic libraries have played in the past century, it is tremendously difficult to imagine a college or university without a library. Considering the extraordinary pace with which knowledge is moving to the Web, it is equally difficult to imagine what an academic library will be and do in another decade.”
— Jerry D. Campbell, EDUCAUSE Review Jan./Feb. 2006
“Because of the fundamental role that academic libraries have played in the past century, it is tremendously difficult to imagine a college or university without a library. Considering the extraordinary pace with which knowledge is moving to the Web, it is equally difficult to imagine what an academic library will be and do in another decade.”
— Jerry D. Campbell, EDUCAUSE Review Jan./Feb. 2006
A Strategy for Academic LibrariesA Strategy for Academic Libraries
Assumptions Pieces of the Puzzle Putting the Pieces Together - Follow the
Money Organizational Issues Controversial Statements
Assumptions Pieces of the Puzzle Putting the Pieces Together - Follow the
Money Organizational Issues Controversial Statements
AssumptionsAssumptions
1. Libraries are a means, not the end
Information subsidy for institutions and communities — without subsidy information not used in efficient quantities
When better subsidy mechanisms than libraries comes along we should embrace them
1. Libraries are a means, not the end
Information subsidy for institutions and communities — without subsidy information not used in efficient quantities
When better subsidy mechanisms than libraries comes along we should embrace them
AssumptionsAssumptions
GOAL: Find the strategies which provide the most value for the available subsidy
• Open access versus subscriptions• How do we produce more scholarly
monographs with the current investment of resources?
GOAL: Find the strategies which provide the most value for the available subsidy
• Open access versus subscriptions• How do we produce more scholarly
monographs with the current investment of resources?
AssumptionsAssumptions
2. Libraries now confront a variety of disruptive technologies and these technologies will disrupt libraries
Change will not instantaneous, but it will be relentless
What happens when all the books are digitized?
2. Libraries now confront a variety of disruptive technologies and these technologies will disrupt libraries
Change will not instantaneous, but it will be relentless
What happens when all the books are digitized?
AssumptionsAssumptions
3. Real change requires real change
Incremental adjustments at the margins will not be good enough
Can not drift throughHard trade-offs will be required
This is not uncharted territory
3. Real change requires real change
Incremental adjustments at the margins will not be good enough
Can not drift throughHard trade-offs will be required
This is not uncharted territory
AssumptionsAssumptions
4. We have a window of opportunity
People like libraries and honor what we do
We have some good will that we can spend down
The window will not stay open forever
4. We have a window of opportunity
People like libraries and honor what we do
We have some good will that we can spend down
The window will not stay open forever
AssumptionsAssumptions
5. There will be no more new money
Increase to library budgets will be no greater than the rate of general inflation
Buying power of compensation part of the budget may remain constant
Buying power of the collections part of the budget will decline by about at least 3% per year
5. There will be no more new money
Increase to library budgets will be no greater than the rate of general inflation
Buying power of compensation part of the budget may remain constant
Buying power of the collections part of the budget will decline by about at least 3% per year
Parts of the PuzzleParts of the Puzzle
1. Complete the migration from print to electronic collections
2. Retire legacy print collections
3. Redevelop library space
4. Reposition library and information tools, resources, and expertise
5. Migrate the focus of collections from purchasing materials to curating content
1. Complete the migration from print to electronic collections
2. Retire legacy print collections
3. Redevelop library space
4. Reposition library and information tools, resources, and expertise
5. Migrate the focus of collections from purchasing materials to curating content
Parts of the PuzzleParts of the Puzzle
1. Complete the migration from print to electronic collections
2. Retire legacy print collections
3. Redevelop library space
4. Reposition library and information tools, resources, and expertise
5. Migrate the focus of collections from purchasing materials to curating content
1. Complete the migration from print to electronic collections
2. Retire legacy print collections
3. Redevelop library space
4. Reposition library and information tools, resources, and expertise
5. Migrate the focus of collections from purchasing materials to curating content
1. Complete the migration from print to electronic collections1. Complete the migration from print to electronic collections
Reference Works - Indexes User: transition completed Library Purchasing: nearly complete
Reference Works - Other User: Not sure - probably transition nearly
completed Library Purchasing: Some change
Reference Works - Indexes User: transition completed Library Purchasing: nearly complete
Reference Works - Other User: Not sure - probably transition nearly
completed Library Purchasing: Some change
1. Complete the migration from print to electronic collections1. Complete the migration from print to electronic collections
Journals User: Transition completed Library Purchasing: Some change,
substitution accepted
Books User: Beginning transition Library Purchasing: Some purchases,
substitution not generally accepted
Journals User: Transition completed Library Purchasing: Some change,
substitution accepted
Books User: Beginning transition Library Purchasing: Some purchases,
substitution not generally accepted
1. Complete the migration from print to electronic collections1. Complete the migration from print to electronic collections
IUPUI print Journal Use in 2006 2,400 titles - 8,744 uses 1 title was used more than 100 times - 24
were used more than 50 times - 934 were not used at all
In 2005/06 in EbscoHost 467,176 fulltext articles were viewed
1% to 2% of journal use is in paper
IUPUI print Journal Use in 2006 2,400 titles - 8,744 uses 1 title was used more than 100 times - 24
were used more than 50 times - 934 were not used at all
In 2005/06 in EbscoHost 467,176 fulltext articles were viewed
1% to 2% of journal use is in paper
1. Complete the migration from print to electronic collections1. Complete the migration from print to electronic collections
Finish transition in purchasing in reference materials and journals - be assertive
Plan for transition to e-books - be prepared - have tools in place SFX for e-books
Capture efficiencies
Finish transition in purchasing in reference materials and journals - be assertive
Plan for transition to e-books - be prepared - have tools in place SFX for e-books
Capture efficiencies
2. Retire legacy print collections2. Retire legacy print collections
Print will become a less important part of the library’s working collection
Little-used print materials in prime campus real estate will not be acceptable over time
Print will become a less important part of the library’s working collection
Little-used print materials in prime campus real estate will not be acceptable over time
2. Retire legacy print collections2. Retire legacy print collections
Move collections to dedicated storage facilities (we know how to do this) or discard
Provide access to these collections Preserve collections for the long term Enhance ILL/document delivery
Move collections to dedicated storage facilities (we know how to do this) or discard
Provide access to these collections Preserve collections for the long term Enhance ILL/document delivery
2. Retire legacy print collections2. Retire legacy print collections
Better with a plan than doing it “on faith” Better if done collaboratively
Indiana federal documents project
We have an obligation to print legacy collections which requires institutional investment and commitment
Better with a plan than doing it “on faith” Better if done collaboratively
Indiana federal documents project
We have an obligation to print legacy collections which requires institutional investment and commitment
3. Redevelop the library space3. Redevelop the library space
Create a diversity of user study spaces Trade space for relationships Will require additional funding Might become the next “must do”
campus project
Create a diversity of user study spaces Trade space for relationships Will require additional funding Might become the next “must do”
campus project
4. Reposition library information tools, resources, and expertise4. Reposition library information tools, resources, and expertise
Library needs to be where the users are Google Course management systems
If in doubt see: OCLC’s College Students’ Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources.
Library needs to be where the users are Google Course management systems
If in doubt see: OCLC’s College Students’ Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources.
4. Reposition library information tools, resources, and expertise4. Reposition library information tools, resources, and expertise
Different mix of in-person and embedded services
New services and systems to support research and scholarship
Librarians will play different roles and will require different skill sets
Different mix of in-person and embedded services
New services and systems to support research and scholarship
Librarians will play different roles and will require different skill sets
5. Move from purchasing materials to curating content5. Move from purchasing materials to curating content
Open Access will succeed The structure of scholarly
communication will change Users will be less dependent on local
library collections Libraries will not have to purchase as
much content
Open Access will succeed The structure of scholarly
communication will change Users will be less dependent on local
library collections Libraries will not have to purchase as
much content
5. Move from purchasing materials to curating content5. Move from purchasing materials to curating content
New role for libraries — curating content created on or important to the campus Digital Campus contribution to the universe of
open access materials
New role for libraries — curating content created on or important to the campus Digital Campus contribution to the universe of
open access materials
5. Move from purchasing materials to curating content5. Move from purchasing materials to curating content
Libraries have always done two things:1. Purchased materials for local users
2. Curated content for the world
Today the split is 80/20 In 20 years the split will be 40/60
Libraries have always done two things:1. Purchased materials for local users
2. Curated content for the world
Today the split is 80/20 In 20 years the split will be 40/60
5. Move from purchasing materials to curating content5. Move from purchasing materials to curating content
2005 2015 2025
Traditional Special Collections
Curated Digital Content
Purchased Materials
Percent of Library ResourcesAllocated
10%
60%
15%
Putting the Pieces Together - Follow the MoneyPutting the Pieces Together - Follow the Money
Moving from print to electronic collections will:
Save staff time in processing Save staff time in selection Save other costs - binding, postage,
cataloging fees
Moving from print to electronic collections will:
Save staff time in processing Save staff time in selection Save other costs - binding, postage,
cataloging fees
Putting the Pieces TogetherPutting the Pieces Together
Moving from print to electronic collections will: Automated systems can be simpler and cheaper
Discovery function to non-local tools - WorldCat, GoogleBooks
Expect organizational resistance when trying to capture these savings
Moving from print to electronic collections will: Automated systems can be simpler and cheaper
Discovery function to non-local tools - WorldCat, GoogleBooks
Expect organizational resistance when trying to capture these savings
Putting the Pieces TogetherPutting the Pieces Together
Retiring print collections will: Require some staff time in the short term Require access to cooperative storage
facilities Require new collaborative funding models
Free up space
Retiring print collections will: Require some staff time in the short term Require access to cooperative storage
facilities Require new collaborative funding models
Free up space
Follow the MoneyFollow the Money
Redeveloping Space will:
Require new resources Philanthropic opportunity Adjustments in staffing
Redeveloping Space will:
Require new resources Philanthropic opportunity Adjustments in staffing
Putting the Pieces TogetherPutting the Pieces Together
Reposition library and information tools, resources, and expertise will: Require rethinking service models Different mix of staff skills - less
“traditional” librarian work and more hybrid librarian/technologist/instructional design work
Some staff savings (maybe)
Reposition library and information tools, resources, and expertise will: Require rethinking service models Different mix of staff skills - less
“traditional” librarian work and more hybrid librarian/technologist/instructional design work
Some staff savings (maybe)
Follow the MoneyFollow the Money
Moving from purchasing materials to curating content will: New staff skills and increased staffing for
this activity Some external funding opportunities -
grants
Moving from purchasing materials to curating content will: New staff skills and increased staffing for
this activity Some external funding opportunities -
grants
Putting the Pieces TogetherPutting the Pieces Together
Moving from purchasing materials to curating content will: Require discipline in repurposing resources
from purchasing to curating — easy in theory, hard in practice
Curation can not be done with only new money
Curation needs to be base funded
Moving from purchasing materials to curating content will: Require discipline in repurposing resources
from purchasing to curating — easy in theory, hard in practice
Curation can not be done with only new money
Curation needs to be base funded
Follow the MoneyFollow the Money
Migration from Print to Electronic
Retire Legacy Print Collection
Redevelop Library Space
Reposition Library, Tools, Resources, and Expertise
Space
$
$
$
Transition form Purchasing to Curating
Staff
To Campus
External
$
Putting the Pieces TogetherPutting the Pieces Together
Budget increase for most academic libraries at (or only a little above) the rate of general inflation will not be unreasonable
Requires a campus conversation and buy-in to this strategy
Budget increase for most academic libraries at (or only a little above) the rate of general inflation will not be unreasonable
Requires a campus conversation and buy-in to this strategy
Organizational IssuesOrganizational Issues
Staff Composition Flexible Staffing and Flexible Staff Principles of Disruptive Innovation
Staff Composition Flexible Staffing and Flexible Staff Principles of Disruptive Innovation
Staff CompositionStaff Composition
In the next 20 years a 25% decline in the number of clerical positions. Ratio of librarians to clerical staff goes from 2:1 to about 1:1. Will not begin immediately
Number of technology position will increase to be about 25% to 40% of professional positions
In the next 20 years a 25% decline in the number of clerical positions. Ratio of librarians to clerical staff goes from 2:1 to about 1:1. Will not begin immediately
Number of technology position will increase to be about 25% to 40% of professional positions
Staff CompositionStaff Composition
Number of librarians will remain about the same, but roles will change
Librarians will do less selection, reference, and instruction
For CSU Libraries more central/shared staff
Number of librarians will remain about the same, but roles will change
Librarians will do less selection, reference, and instruction
For CSU Libraries more central/shared staff
Staff CompositionStaff Composition
New librarian roles will include, teaching new information skills, developing and managing information support systems, and building collections of curated content
If librarians with appropriate skills cannot be found, non-librarians with these skill sets will be hired
New librarian roles will include, teaching new information skills, developing and managing information support systems, and building collections of curated content
If librarians with appropriate skills cannot be found, non-librarians with these skill sets will be hired
Flexible Staffing and Flexible StaffFlexible Staffing and Flexible Staff Culture that values learning and exploration Strategy for hiring and retaining people with
needed skills and personal characteristics Coming wave of librarian retirements will help Commitment to invest in staff and
organizational development
Culture that values learning and exploration Strategy for hiring and retaining people with
needed skills and personal characteristics Coming wave of librarian retirements will help Commitment to invest in staff and
organizational development
Principles of Disruptive InnovationPrinciples of Disruptive Innovation
Clayton M. Christensen and Michael E. Raynor, The Innovator’s Solution: Creating and Sustaining Successful Growth, 2003
Clayton M. Christensen; Scott D. Anthony, and Erik A. Roth, Seeing What’s Next: Using the Theories of Innovation to Predict Industry Change, 2004
Clayton M. Christensen and Michael E. Raynor, The Innovator’s Solution: Creating and Sustaining Successful Growth, 2003
Clayton M. Christensen; Scott D. Anthony, and Erik A. Roth, Seeing What’s Next: Using the Theories of Innovation to Predict Industry Change, 2004
Principles of Disruptive InnovationPrinciples of Disruptive Innovation
Mantra:
Make products and services More reliable, More convenient, Cheaper (less time consuming to
use)
Mantra:
Make products and services More reliable, More convenient, Cheaper (less time consuming to
use)
Principles of Disruptive InnovationPrinciples of Disruptive Innovation
Exploratory project development Learn by doing Save resources for second and third try
Exploratory project development Learn by doing Save resources for second and third try
Principles of Disruptive InnovationPrinciples of Disruptive Innovation
Be impatient for success with small projects, but don’t be in a hurry to grow the project to full scale
Encourages action and risk taking
Be impatient for success with small projects, but don’t be in a hurry to grow the project to full scale
Encourages action and risk taking
Principles of Disruptive InnovationPrinciples of Disruptive Innovation Begin with simple projects that meet the
needs of undemanding users and then move up market to provide services to more demanding users
Don’t ask users what they want, rather watch what they do
Begin with simple projects that meet the needs of undemanding users and then move up market to provide services to more demanding users
Don’t ask users what they want, rather watch what they do
Principles of Disruptive InnovationPrinciples of Disruptive Innovation We should encourage standards that
allow for modularization of the scholarly information value chain SFX and OAI over ScienceDirect®
Add value where things are “not good enough” and don’t worry where they are “good enough”
We should encourage standards that allow for modularization of the scholarly information value chain SFX and OAI over ScienceDirect®
Add value where things are “not good enough” and don’t worry where they are “good enough”
Principles of Disruptive InnovationPrinciples of Disruptive Innovation
Look for solutions outside the library world
Adapt, don’t invent
Look for solutions outside the library world
Adapt, don’t invent
Quotes from War Made New by Max BootQuotes from War Made New by Max Boot“All that is required [to exploit revolutionary technology] is some degree of openness to change, a commitment to meritocracy, and an ability to critically examine ones own mistakes.”
“Successful adaptation to major technological shifts requires overcoming that dread [of innovation] and changing the kinds of people who are rewarded.”
“All that is required [to exploit revolutionary technology] is some degree of openness to change, a commitment to meritocracy, and an ability to critically examine ones own mistakes.”
“Successful adaptation to major technological shifts requires overcoming that dread [of innovation] and changing the kinds of people who are rewarded.”
Quotes from War Made New by Max BootQuotes from War Made New by Max Boot
“The only strategy that definitely won’t work is… cutting existing forces but not investing the savings in any other defense program.”
“The only strategy that definitely won’t work is… cutting existing forces but not investing the savings in any other defense program.”
Controversial StatementsControversial Statements
1. CSU Libraries should do the first deal with Google (and the publishers) for in copyright digital books
1. CSU Libraries should do the first deal with Google (and the publishers) for in copyright digital books
Controversial StatementsControversial Statements
2. CSU Libraries should use Federal Documents and JSTOR as a models for system-wide sharing (and weeding) of print collections
2. CSU Libraries should use Federal Documents and JSTOR as a models for system-wide sharing (and weeding) of print collections
Controversial StatementsControversial Statements
3. CSU Libraries should plan on piggy-backing (free riding) on UC print research collections and should weed rather than store unneeded print collections
3. CSU Libraries should plan on piggy-backing (free riding) on UC print research collections and should weed rather than store unneeded print collections
Controversial StatementsControversial Statements
4. CSU Libraries should aggressively deploy a large scale shared institutional repository and other digital library infrastructure with centralized expertise and local advocacy
4. CSU Libraries should aggressively deploy a large scale shared institutional repository and other digital library infrastructure with centralized expertise and local advocacy
Controversial StatementsControversial Statements
5. To fund item the Google Deal print collecting should be significantly cut backa) Hardly any print journalsb) No more than four copies of
any print book in the CSU system
5. To fund item the Google Deal print collecting should be significantly cut backa) Hardly any print journalsb) No more than four copies of
any print book in the CSU system
Controversial StatementsControversial Statements
6. To fund item central repository infrastructure and some staff/dollars should be moved from local libraries to central facility
6. To fund item central repository infrastructure and some staff/dollars should be moved from local libraries to central facility
Comments orQuestions ?
Comments orQuestions ?
Paper available at: http://idea.iupui.edu/dspace/handle/1805/953
Paper available at: http://idea.iupui.edu/dspace/handle/1805/953
© 2007 David W. Lewis. Permission to use this work is granted under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (2.5). You are free: to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work Under the following conditions: 1. You must attribute the work; 2. You may not use this work for commercial purposes, and 3. You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. Any of these conditions can be waived with permission of the copyright holder. Your fair use and other rights are in no way affected by the above.