Bugårdsdammen in the perspective of alternative stable states
A States Perspective of Biomass Power
description
Transcript of A States Perspective of Biomass Power
A States Perspective of Biomass Power
U.S. EPA146 biomass energy projects*◦Independent Power Producers
Power only CHP (IPPs)
◦Industrial◦Commercial◦Electric utility
3962 MW
*Solid wood, agriculture byproducts & organic solids
IPP & utility power63 projects16 states1988 MW
*Solid wood, agriculture byproducts & organic solids
ProfilesMassachusetts◦Significant public challenges◦Unfavorable policy
Vermont◦RPS targets unmet◦Vermont Yankee nuke◦Public challenge
New Hampshire◦Revised RPS◦ Large new facility
Maine◦ 5 existing plants, 3 yr contracts
ProfilesMichigan◦No RPS revisions◦Rural development initiatives
Washington◦Removes placed-in-service date◦Expands eligible biomass feedstock
Oregon◦Biomass fuel credit modification
MASSACHUSETTSRPS◦15% by 2020 (new sources)◦7.1% (existing sources)
1%...’03; 5%...’10 plus 1% annually 1997 placed-in-service date Revisions proposed, yet to be released
MASSACHUSETTSCurrent status◦1 operating…18 MW◦0 closed◦0 new/under construction◦3 planned…135 MW◦0 terminated
MASSACHUSETTSObstacles◦Proposed RPS revisions
Wood = thinnings, storm salvage, sanitation; 15% by weight max. of harvested GHG reduction of 50% over 20 years; Efficiency requirements
40% = half REC, 60%-plus = whole REC Existing plants comply by 2013, all by 2015
MASSACHUSETTSObstacles (con’t)
◦Citizen opposition, national attention PR relations attacks Challenging zoning,
Zoning approved, overturned Appeal filed
◦Citizen appeal of state air permits Administrative ruling: “No citizen standing” Dept. head: “People must be heard” Decision pending March 2012
VERMONTRPS◦20% by 2017◦Voluntary w/mandatory trigger
VPSB assessment, 2012◦Third party PPAs or build◦Third-party “facilitator”
VERMONTCurrent status◦3 operating… 85MW◦0 closed◦0 new/under construction◦1 planned…29 MW◦1 terminated…29 MW
VERMONTOpportunity◦H 56: Baseload renewable
Separate from RPS Wood exclusive Avoided cost
◦25% renewable “consumption” Separate from RPS Farm, forest focus FIT, <2.2 MW
NEW HAMPSHIRERPS◦24% by 2025
Class I new systems; 16% Class II new solar; 0.3% Class III existing methane, biomass; 6.5% Class IV existing hydro; 1%
◦3 yr. REC bank, 30% compliance limit
NEW HAMPSHIRECurrent status◦8 operating…156 MW◦0 closed◦1 new/under construction…75 MW◦2 planned…40 MW◦0 terminated projects
NEW HAMPSHIREOpportunity◦Revised RPS: SB 218
Class III generators Remove methane, leave existing biomass Cate Street 75-MW, Berlin
CHP, thermal, co-fire◦Short-term contracts
MAINERPS◦10% by 2017 mandatory, 40% target◦< 100 MW eligible◦1% in 2008, + 1% annually◦ACP: $61
MAINECurrent status◦7 operating…268 MW◦4 closed…MW◦0 new/under construction◦3 planned…35 MW◦1 terminated…24 MW
MAINEOpportunity◦LD 1706, HP 1258
3-year contracts, 5 existing IPPs Energy, capacity & RECs Market prices Resale/wholesale IPPs demonstrate jobs, economics
Utility: sell into wholesale markets
MICHIGANRPS◦10% by 2015
Energy efficiency “Clean” energy 2% in 2012, ramps up Biomass exclusions
“Uncertified” whole trees New MSW
MICHIGANCurrent status◦6 operating…162 MW◦0 closed◦2 new/under construction…47 MW◦5 planned…133 MW◦5 terminated…497 MW
MICHIGANObstacles◦No RPS modifications◦Limit fuel availability
Opportunity◦“25 x ‘25” ballot initiative, constitutional
amendment◦Forest- and ag-based rural development
initiatives
WASHINGTONRPS◦15% by 2020 + conservation & efficiency
3% by 2012 w/incr. increases March 31, 1999 placed-in-service requirement Biomass exclusions
Treated woods Black liquor Old growth fiber MSW
ACP: $50 per MWH
WASHINGTONCurrent status◦6 operating…141 MW◦0 closed◦1 new/under construction…20 MW◦4 planned…116 MW◦2 terminated…60 MW
WASHINGTONOther: opportunity◦SB 5575, passed Senate Feb. 14, 2012
Removes place-in-service date Expands biomass sources (BL, food wastes,
yard wastes)◦SB 5343
CCA exemption for anaerobic digestion sources
OREGONRPS◦By 2025…
Large…25% to “smallest”…5% 8%...“small community” (<20 MW) Unbundled RECs <20% Jan. 1, 1995 placed-in-service date
Incremental new capacity eligible Efficiencies Biomass exclusions
Treated wood MSW capped at 11 MW
OREGONCurrent status◦9 operating…130 MW◦0 closed◦0 new/under construction◦4 planned…140 MW◦1 terminated…24 MW
OREGONOpportunity◦Biomass fuel tax credit
Biomass producers/collectors Biofuel Electricity
Anaerobic digestion, pellets, or torrefaction Exclusions
Firewood, charcoal, C&D, urban wood, mill waste Stand-alone power newly eligible
OREGON◦Biomass fuel tax credit (con’t)
Rates $10/green ton…wood, ag residue $5/green ton…yard debris $0.90/bushel…grain crops
OREGON◦Biomass fuel tax credit (con’t)
Outcome*
Incr. availability… 20-30% Reduced cost… 20% Program specs. (per 10,000 BDT)
Cost:… $143,000 Wages/bennies.. $241,000 Jobs… 5.1 Total economics… $868,000
*Source: Ecosystem Workforce Program report