A Review of Bioconversion Systems for Energy Recovery
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Resources and Conservation, 6 (1981) 117-136 117 Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam - Printed in The Netherlands A REVIEW OF BIOCONVERSION SYSTEMS FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE PART II: FUEL GAS PRODUCTION D.L. WISE, R.G. KISPERT and E.W. LANGTON Dynatech R/D Company, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 U.S.A.) (Received 27th October, 1980; accepted in revised form 5th April, 1981) ABSTRACT A review was made of the use of anaerobic digestion processing techniques to pro- current status and research needs. The MSW bioconversion processes reviewed were a) conventional anaerobic digestion, b) uncontrolled landfill gas recovery, and c) enhanced or controlled landfill gas recovery. It appears from this review that emphasis should be placed on improved technology for enhancing methane recovery from landfills as an ap- parently practical way to recover energy from MSW. This technology appears to have sub- stantially greater potential than continued efforts to process MSW using conventional sludge digestion technology. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this paper is to review advances in bioconversion pro- cesses to produce methane from municipal solid waste, including research using MSW as the primary feedstock and other processes. The background of conventional and novel processes to produce meth ane is presented, also of processes to upgrade the gas. The status of pretreatment technology, which is applicable to some digestion processes, has been reviewed in Part I [ 11. Bioconversion of municipal solid waste for the production of methane includes four major elements: pretreatment, digestion, gas purification, and residue treatment, Pretreatment of the solid waste is desirable to separate out inorganic matter and materials which disrupt mechanical operation of the digester and to increase the biodegradability of the substrate. The diges- tion process results in the decomposition of organic matter and production of gas. The gas produced is purified by removing carbon dioxide, leaving pipeline quality methane gas for the commercial market. The undigested residue is dewatered and disposed of in a landfill or incinerator, or possibly used as a soil conditioner. A conceptual process design of an anaerobic digestion system developed in 1974 [ 21 is generally accepted as the baseline configuration for bioconver- 0166-3097/81/0000-0000/ 02.50 o 1981 Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company
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