A Perspective on Ubiquitous Communications: the MoCCA Project TM 2nd IEEE WS on WLANs Anton T....

A Perspective on Ubiquitous Communications: the MoCCA

Project

TM

2nd IEEE WS on WLANs

Anton T. Dahbura

Digital Equipment Corp.

Cambridge Research Laboratory

TM

2nd IEEE WS on WLANsOct 19962

Outline

Introduction and Background

The MoCCA Vision

Technology Barriers and Research Opportunities

Conclusions and Open Issues

TM


Why Has the Vision not Flown?

devices have not displaced other carried items

lack of clear vertical market focus

low-performance CPUs, small memories, poor battery life

inadequate input such as handwriting recognition

disappointing ease-of-use factors

inadequate display and keyboard sizes

lack of seamless and ubiquitous communications

cost/value!

TM


Device TrendsThe industry has entered a period of transition and growing user

acceptance.

Relative successes in the consumer market:

Newton MessagePad 130

Sharp Zaurus

Hewlett-Packard OmniGo 100

Casio Z-7000

U.S. Robotics Pilot

Psion 3A

Mainly organizers with limited communications/synchronization means.

TM


Vertical Markets Trends

Some progress in market for mobile devices for vertical applications (inventory control, health care):

Telxon

Badger

Fujitsu (pen-based, Windows 95)

Symbol

Norand

These and other devices are exposing many to the technology.

TM

2nd IEEE WS on WLANsOct 199610/25/96

Microprocessor Technology TrendsFeatures size (micron)

0.5 0.35 0.25 0.18 0.12 0.10 Gates/chip

300K 800K 2M 5M 10M 20MDRAM

16M 64M 256M 1G 4G 16GSRAM

4M 16M 64M 256M 1G 4GMips

100 400 1000 2500 5000 10000Disks

2GB 8GB 25GB 75GB 200GB 500GBLAN Bandwidth

100 1000 10000?

1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007Source: Semiconductor Industry Association -- Semiconductor Technology Workshops Conclusions March, 1993

TM

2nd IEEE WS on WLANsOct 199610/25/96

Microprocessors Technology Trends (Cont.)

1

10

100

1000

10000

1982 1987 1992 1997 2002

GUIs

Speech Recognition

Vision

Natural Language

Per

form

ance

(S

PE

Cin

t92)

TM


10

100

1,000

10,000

100,000

SP

EC

fp92

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Relative Performance: Microprocessors (SPECfp92)

Intel CISC SPECfp

SPARC/MIPS/Other RISC SPECfp

PowerPC/RIOS SPECfp

HP Precision SPECfp

Alpha (xxx64) SPECfp

TM


Digital-ARM PartnershipDigital-ARM Partnership

DS has negotiated an architecture license from ARM Ltd.• unique position (others are manufacturing licensees only)

DS will develop and manufacture a series of standard products (SPs) and application specific SPs (ASSPs) based on the StrongARM core technology

• Standard Products are general purpose devices

• ASSPs are targeted at specific markets and applications

DS will develop a family of ARM compliant cores (the StrongARM family) which will be made available to ARM Ltd. for sub-license to their manufacturing licensees

• cores are enabling technology for ASSPs and CSSPs (customer specific SPs), from other ARM licensees

TM


ARM Family Roadmap

ARM8,810

ARM7D,7DM

ARM2,3

1985 - 90 1991 1993-1995 1996 1997

ARM7DMTCode Density

Power Efficiency

Worlds Smallest RISC

ARM6,60,610

ARM7,710Embedded ICE

MIPS

20

40

60

80

100

0

ArchitectureEnhancement

Fast Multiply

200StrongARM1,110 StrongARM1,110

TM


StrongARM Target Market StrongARM Target Market SegmentsSegments

Smart Handheld Devices– PDAs, Electronic Organizers,– Digital Cameras, Smart Phones

Interactive Digital Media – Digital Set-top devices, Interactive TV, Video Game Players

Internet Appliances– Net Browsers, Intranet Devices

Embedded Control– Internetworking: Routers, Bridges, LAN Switches– Office Automation: Printers, Scanners, Copiers, etc.– Telecommunication: PBX, Cellular Base Stations– Storage Peripherals: Drive Controllers, RAID Controllers– PC Add-Ins: Intelligent I/O Cards, LAN / WAN

TM


SA-110 Details Process Technology 0.35 um, 3LM CMOS

Supply voltage Core voltage 1.65 - 2.0 Volts

I/O voltage 3.3 Volts

Frequency & Power < 900 mW @ 200 MHz @ 2.00-V

< 450 mW @ 160 MHz @ 1.65-V

< 300 mW @ 100 MHz @ 1.65-V

Power-down Modes - Normal Mode (<300mW@100MHz)

- Idle Mode (20mW Average) - Sleep Mode (50uA Average)

Package 144 TQFP

Current Status Samples at key customers now

Volume Q3 1996

TM


SA-110 Block Diagram

Address Buffer JTAG Test

IMMU

DMMU

16KBICache

16KBDCache

StrongARMCoreSA-1

Write Buffer

Clock

Control

Load/Store Data

PC

Addr

Instruction

D[31:0]

PWRSLPABORTINTERRUPTSRESET

CCCFGMCCFG

A[31:0]nWAIT MCLK nMCLK SnA CLK

5

TM


Establishing New Benchmarks in the Smart Handheld Market

SA-110 / 100 SA-110 / 160

Frequency 100 Mhz 160 Mhz

Performance(Dhrystone 2.1 MIPS)

115 185

Power < 300 mW < 450 mW

MIPS / Watt 383 411

Price (10k unitvolumes)

$ 29 $ 49

MIPS / $ 4.0 3.8

Best performancein SHH market

Leader in power-efficiency

Leader inprice-performance

TM


Software Systems Trends

Contenders for next-generation mobile device drivers:

Microsoft Windows CE (Compaq, Casio)

JavaOS (Mitsubishi, Motorola, Nokia)

General Magic’s Magic Cap (?)

Geowork’s GEOS

These operating systems are also being considered for set-top boxes and Internet appliances.

TM


Communications Infrastructure Trends Next-generation wide-area technology in the U.S. evolving

towards PCS in spite of technological confusion;

GSM will continue to dominate in Europe and other overseas markets;

CDPD, packet radio (RAM Mobile, ARDIS), one- and two-way paging, will continue to find niche markets;

emerging: wireless cable, ESMR, satellite, television

wireless LANs will continue to grow; residential?

TM


Market Projections

The installed base of wireless data subscribers in the U.S. is expected to grow from 500,000 in 1994 to nearly 10M in 2000.

Driving factors:

move towards the untethered, mobile workforce;

gradual build-out of the wireless infrastructure;

deregulation and spectrum auctions;

emergence of end-user client-server business applications and middleware.

TM


Global Wireless Data Networks Revenues

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

Leos Satellite

Geosync Satellite

Cellular

Packet Radio

Paging Services

$Millions

Source- 1995 Wireless Directory

TM


Worldwide Wireless Infrastructure Forecast

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

Asia

S. America

Europe

N.America

$millions

Source- 1995 Wireless Directory

TM


US Installed Base of Wireless by Transmission

-

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

(10

00

's)

Satellite

SMR/ESMR

Dedicated Data

Cellular Hybrid

Cellular Packet

BB PCS Hybrid

BB PCS Packet

BB PCS Circuit

NarrowbandPCS

Cellular Circuit

US Mobile-Wireless Data: Technology Trends

Each technology choice is different

in terms of performance, price,

and coverage!

Users

TM


US Wireless Data Users by Applications

-

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

(100

0's)

Other

Consumer

Mobile Prof Othr

Mobile Prof Sales

Transaction/POS

Telementry

Field Sales

Transportation

Field Service

Public Safety

Vertical Markets

lead

Horizontals follow

US Mobile-Wireless Data: Industry Trends

!

TM


US Wireless LAN Market Trends

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Misc.

Transportation

Hospitality

Factory f loor

Health care

Education

Mobile Professional

Retail

Warehouse and logistics

Use

rs (

000’

s)

TM


RoamAbout PC Cards for Portable Devices

LKG-8880-94f

Radio Module

RoamAbout PCMCIANetwork Adapter

PCMCIAinterfacecard

High performance, credit card sized, wireless modems and attached radio modules Available in three variations:

RoamAbout 2.4 GHz frequency hopping (FH) RoamAbout 2.4 GHz direct sequence (DS) RoamAbout 915 MHz direct sequence (DS)*

Uses inherently secure spread-spectrum RF No FCC license required Coverage up to 650 ft for 2.4 GHz MHz devices, 800 ft for 915MHz devices Drivers for any PC network operating systemusing ODI or NDIS network interfaces Gives wireless users access to wired Ethernet networks via RoamAbout Access Point

TM


RoamAbout Access Point--- the most robust, reliable and highest-performing wireless bridge in the Industry

Radio Module

RoamAboutPCMCIANetworkAdapter

PCMCIAinterfacecard

RoamAboutAccess Point

A superior, full-featured wireless bridge Multiple wireless technologies (direct sequence or frequency hopping) Multiple frequency bands (2.4 GHz or 915 MHz) In-building “cell-to-cell” roaming

Point-to-point diagnostics Software upgrade capabilities Standard UTP and ThinWire connections Network management via SNMP or tools such as HUBwatch Local console management port

TM


The Connectivity Chasm

Enterprise ServersEnterprise Servers

Clients & WorkgroupsClients & Workgroups

““Black Box”Black Box”

“What customers want is a “black box” - metaphorically speaking -- that allows them to integrate all of the enterprise resources....The third major element of our strategy -- the centerpiece of our efforts and direction--is that we will commit our resources to solving the ...”black box” connectivity problems of our customers...”

Bob Palmer, Industry Analyst Briefing, 9/95

TM


Deal driven Niche marketing

From an Early Market to Main Street

source: Geoffrey Moore

early

majority

late

majorityinnovators

early

adopters laggards

1 2 3

Mass marketing

Mass customization5

4

1- the Early Market

2- the Chasm

3- the Bowling Alley

4- inside the Tornado

5- on Main Street

fad trend solution standard

We

are

here

!

TM


Outline


The MoCCA Vision



TM


The MoCCA Vision

Harness a powerful, wearable communications processor to high-speed voice and data networks for distinct vertical markets.

Functions:

find and connect the user to one or more team members or customers via voice and video;

provide voice- or tactile-based mailbox management (voice mail, e-mail, FAX, etc.);

handle info./data queries to remote private/public databases;

manage appointment book, action-item list, etc.

TM


Product Characteristics

Modularity and compatibility:–wireless earpiece/microphone–wireless and/or wireline docking to PC–compatibility with industry-standard software–PCMCIA-like configuration management

Displace cell phone, pager, PDA devices

Network agility among CDPD, CSC, WLAN, etc.;

As intuitive to learn and use as a cellular phone (?);

Non-tactile input such as voice.

TM


Product Characteristics (Cont.)

Physical characteristics:–wearable–weigh less than 16 ounces–normal battery lifecycle of 7 days minimum with

overnight or continuous recharge

The device should be fashionable and practical enough to encourage usage.

TM


Program Overview

The program will be driven by blending

real vertical market needs

with

soon-to-market technological innovation

Rapid-prototyping, scenario-based project philosophy,

with Carnegie Mellon University as the enabler.

TM


The Cambridge Research Laboratory (CRL)

Digital’s primary U.S. East Coast research site

located near MIT and Harvard

main focus: applications technology–speech and speaker recognition–video coding–conversational systems–computer vision–distributed systems and scalable computing–Internet applications

TM


Program Operating Model

Three facets:–applied research–system prototyping–business development

Core research group at CRL to advance technology and pursue specific opportunities;

Advanced development team will form the nucleus of commercialization teams;

One technical leader and one business leader.

TM


Outline


The MoCCA Vision



TM


Developments That Make This Possible

ubiquity of wireless technology from WLAN to satellite-based;

emergence of low-power, high-performance RISC microprocessors; storage devices, DSPs, etc.;

innovations in display technology for portability and wearability;

advent of WWW, popularity of corporate intranets;

first wave trials and errors of mobile devices.

TM


Mobile Computing Barrier Areas

Human Interface–display–input means

Power/Battery/Display Issues

Performance (for speech, video)

Communications Infrastructure

Form Factor/ Heat Dissipation

Applications

TM


Technology Barriers

Bandwidth, capacity, reliability, latency, coverage, and cost of wide-area networks–protocols for handling data transfers efficiently–caching strategies–security issues–connectivity management in overlay networks–Very-Local Area Networks (BodyLAN) and mobile WLANs–ad-hoc networking–incorporation of video–new WAN media

TM


Technology Barriers (Cont.)

Input limitations for mobile/wearable devices– speech capture, recognition, understanding– speaker identification and verification– handwriting capture and recognition– real-time digital voice multicasting– video

Architecture– hardware/software architectures for mobile systems– OS design (?)– compilers for low-power devices

TM


Technology Barriers (Cont.)

Human-computer interaction–new techniques for mobile I/O: gesture based,

augmented-reality displays

System design and packaging–form factors for mobile systems (ID group)–wireless headmounted I/O, including video capture

Applications and user interfaces

TM


Outline


The MoCCA Vision



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