A Mole is Many A Mole is Many ThingsThings

How do you measure How do you measure matter?matter?

Measuring by mass….Measuring by mass…. Potatoes are measured by the Potatoes are measured by the poundpound.. Gold is measured by the Gold is measured by the ounceounce..

Measuring by volume….Measuring by volume…. Apples are measured by the Apples are measured by the bushelbushel.. Soda is measured by the Soda is measured by the literliter.. Gasoline is measured by the Gasoline is measured by the gallongallon..

How do you measure How do you measure matter?matter?

Some items are measured by Some items are measured by counting howcounting how manymany you have. you have.

Eggs are measured by the dozen.Eggs are measured by the dozen. Pencils are measured by the gross.Pencils are measured by the gross.

The “chemical counting The “chemical counting unit” is the unit” is the molemole..

The The molemole is the SI unit for amount of is the SI unit for amount of substance.substance.

The particles of a substance could be The particles of a substance could be atoms, molecules, or ions, which are atoms, molecules, or ions, which are very small.very small.

Just as a Just as a dozen eggs dozen eggs represents 12 eggs,represents 12 eggs, a a mole mole (mol) represents 6.02 x 10(mol) represents 6.02 x 102323 representative particlesrepresentative particles of a of a substance.substance.

This number is called This number is called Avogadro’s numberAvogadro’s number, in honor , in honor of Amedeo Avogadro, and it is of Amedeo Avogadro, and it is a very large number.a very large number.

The MoleThe Mole Avogadro’s Avogadro’s

number is number is 6.02 x 106.02 x 102323..

A mole is A mole is 6.02 x 106.02 x 102323 particles of a particles of a substance.substance.

How big is a mole?How big is a mole?

602000000000000000000602000000000000000000000000 particles, which is…particles, which is…

602,000 x 1 million x 1 million x 1 602,000 x 1 million x 1 million x 1 millionmillion

If you had a mole of If you had a mole of watermelon seeds, you watermelon seeds, you would have a melon would have a melon slightly larger than the slightly larger than the moon.moon.

A mole of donut holes A mole of donut holes would cover the earth would cover the earth and be 5 miles deep.and be 5 miles deep.

If you had a mole of If you had a mole of pennies and stacked pennies and stacked them up, the stack would them up, the stack would 7 times the distance from 7 times the distance from the Earth to the moon.the Earth to the moon.

A mole of rice grains would cover the A mole of rice grains would cover the land area of the Earth to a depth of land area of the Earth to a depth of about 75 meters.about 75 meters.

A mole of rice grains is more grains A mole of rice grains is more grains than all the grain that has been than all the grain that has been grown since the beginning of time.grown since the beginning of time.

A mole of rice would occupy a cube A mole of rice would occupy a cube about 120 miles on each edge.about 120 miles on each edge.

Assuming that each human has 60 Assuming that each human has 60 trillion body cells (6 x 10trillion body cells (6 x 101313) and the ) and the Earth’s population is over 6.7 Earth’s population is over 6.7 billion (6.7 x 10billion (6.7 x 1099), the total number ), the total number of living human body cells on the of living human body cells on the Earth at the present time is 4.02 x Earth at the present time is 4.02 x 10102323, or only 2/3 of a mole., or only 2/3 of a mole.

If one mole of pennies were divided If one mole of pennies were divided up among the Earth’s population, up among the Earth’s population, each person would receive 9 x 10each person would receive 9 x 101313 pennies. Personal spending at the pennies. Personal spending at the rate of one million dollars a day rate of one million dollars a day would use up each person’s wealth in would use up each person’s wealth in 2500 years.2500 years.

Life would not be comfortable Life would not be comfortable because the surface of the Earth because the surface of the Earth would be covered in copper coins to would be covered in copper coins to a depth of at least 400 meters.a depth of at least 400 meters.

A A representative particlerepresentative particle is…is…

The smallest unit into which a The smallest unit into which a substance can be broken down substance can be broken down without a change in without a change in composition.composition.

The representative particle of The representative particle of most most elementselements is the is the atomatom..

SubstanceSubstance Representative Representative particleparticle

ElementElement AtomAtom Diatomic elementDiatomic element MoleculeMolecule

(Br(Br22, I, I22, N, N22, Cl, Cl22, H, H22, O, O22, F, F22))

Molecular compoundMolecular compound MoleculeMolecule Ionic compoundIonic compound Formula Formula

UnitUnit

Remember:Remember:

A A formula unitformula unit is the lowest is the lowest whole number ratio of ions in whole number ratio of ions in an ionic compound.an ionic compound.

Mole-Particle Conversion Mole-Particle Conversion PracticePractice

Mole SamplesMole Samples

If a carbon atom has an atomic mass If a carbon atom has an atomic mass of 12.01 amu and a hydrogen atom of 12.01 amu and a hydrogen atom has an atomic mass of 1.008 amu, has an atomic mass of 1.008 amu, we could say one carbon atom is we could say one carbon atom is about 12 times as massive as one about 12 times as massive as one hydrogen atom.hydrogen atom.

Would 100 carbon atoms be about 12 Would 100 carbon atoms be about 12 times as massive as 100 hydrogen times as massive as 100 hydrogen atoms?atoms?

Would 1 mole of carbon atoms be Would 1 mole of carbon atoms be about 12 times as massive as 1 mole about 12 times as massive as 1 mole of hydrogen atoms?of hydrogen atoms?

Scientists define the Scientists define the mole mole as as the the amount of substance that contains as amount of substance that contains as many particles (atoms, molecules, of many particles (atoms, molecules, of formula units) as there are atoms in formula units) as there are atoms in exactly 12 grams of the carbon-12 exactly 12 grams of the carbon-12 isotope.isotope.

Molar MassMolar Mass……

is the mass of a mole of a substance.is the mass of a mole of a substance.

Gram atomic massGram atomic mass is the mass of a is the mass of a mole of atoms.mole of atoms.

Gram molecular massGram molecular mass is the mass of a is the mass of a mole of molecules.mole of molecules.

Gram formula massGram formula mass is the mass of a is the mass of a mole of a substance.mole of a substance.

Molar MassMolar Mass

What is the gram atomic mass of zinc?What is the gram atomic mass of zinc?

What is the gram molecular mass of What is the gram molecular mass of COCO22??

What is the gram formula mass of NaCl?What is the gram formula mass of NaCl?

What is the molar mass of titanium?What is the molar mass of titanium?

Mole Fact References:Mole Fact References: Professor Mole, Quality Science & Software, Inc. Professor Mole, Quality Science & Software, Inc. Doris Kolb. “The Mole,” J. Chem. Educ.Doris Kolb. “The Mole,” J. Chem. Educ. Reactions and ReasonReactions and Reason, Heikkinan and Atkinson, Heikkinan and Atkinson