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A Model-Driven Approach for Developing 3D User Interfaces
of Information Systems in a Principle–Based WayJuan Manuel González Calleros
PhD Public Defense
February 4, 2010 - LLN
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February 4, 2010 - LLN PHD Public Defense
Virtual Reality
Augmented Reality
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Windows Vista
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February 4, 2010 - LLN PHD Public Defense
Locate your sit in a stadium
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Outline
1. Introduction2. State of the Art3. Methodology
1. Ontology2. The Method3. Towards a UIDL for 3DUI4. Software for Supporting the Methodology
4. Validation5. Conclusion
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What is a 3D User Interfaces?
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Augmented Reality Virtual Reality
3D User Interface
3D desktop environments
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Why 3D User Interfaces?
Increase user satisfaction.
Improve cognitive perception
Indices sense of (tele)presence
3DUIs are not automatically superior or inferior to
2DUIs.
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Why NOT 3D User Interfaces?
Decrease user performance
Increase manipulation complexity for an average user
Are not appropriate for any task
Are hard to evaluate for their usability
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Focus of the dissertation
Information systems (data, process, resources)
Administrative tasks (routine, repetition)
Interaction styles (form filling, multi-windowing, direct manipulation, iconic interaction, graphic interaction, multimedia interaction, and 3DUIs)
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Thesis Statement
In this thesis we argue that developing 3DUIs for Information Systems is an activity that would benefit from the application of a methodology which is typically composed of:
1. a set of models gathered in an ontology, 2. a method manipulating the involved models
based on guidelines, 3. a language that express models in the
method.Define a model-driven approach for structuring
the development life cycle of a Three-Dimensional User Interface of an Information System in a principle based way.
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Comparative analysis
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• 3DUI development methodologies
• Language• Transformation
Engines
• 3D Toolkits
• Models
• Language
• Methods
• Software tools
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Requirements
Methodological (7)
Ontological (3)
Language (1)
Software tool support (1)
Methodological support for the development life-cycle of 3DUI for Information Systems
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Outline
1. Introduction2. State of the Art3. Methodology
1. Ontology2. The Method3. Towards a UIDL for 3DUI4. Software for Supporting the Methodology
4. Validation5. Conclusion
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• 3D UI as an specialization of 2D
• Benefits:
• Relying on existing 2D UI by specializing
• Factoring out 3D vs 2D UIs
VS.
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3D Rendering of a 2D GUI
VUITOOLKIT [Moli08]
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• Shortcomings:• Adding another modality breaks the factoring
out• Hard to provide multiple representations of
3D objects• No full separation of concerns
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• Shortcomings:• Adding another modality breaks the factoring
out• Hard to provide multiple representations of
3D objects• No full separation of concerns
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Support for different
representations
Support for basic Haptic Interaction
3DUIs
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Outline
1. Introduction2. State of the Art3. Methodology
1. Ontology2. The Method3. Towards a UIDL for 3DUI4. Software for Supporting the Methodology
4. Validation5. Conclusion
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Method Outline
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Task and Domain Model
Model to Model
Abstract UI Model
Model to Model
Concrete UI Model
Code Generatio
n
Final UI
Control
Task and Domain Model
Physical Control Software Control
Physical interaction object 2D 3D
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February 4, 2010 - LLN PHD Public Defense
Task and Domain Model
Model to Model
Abstract UI Model
Model to Model
Concrete UI Model
Code Generatio
n
Final UI
• A structured catalog of transformation rules that form a body of design knowledge that can be reused in any 3D method
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Code Generatio
n
Final UI
Task and Domain Model
Based onGuidelines
Model to model
Abstract UI Model
Based onGuidelines
Model to model
Concrete UI Model
Usability Advisor
AutomaticEvaluation
Refined Concrete UI
Model
Code Generatio
n
3D User Interface
A set of Principles were added to the method
•Guidelines•Task patterns•Canonical list of task types
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Canonical list of task types
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Task and Domain Model
Based onGuidelines
Model to model
Abstract UI Model
Based onGuidelines
Model to Model
Concrete UI Model
Usability Advisor
AutomaticEvaluation
Refined Concrete UI
Model
Code Generatio
n
3D User Interface
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February 4, 2010 - LLN PHD Public Defense
Facet Selection
24
Task and Domain Model
Based onGuidelines
Model to model
Abstract UI Model
Based onGuidelines
Model to Model
Concrete UI Model
Usability Advisor
AutomaticEvaluation
Refined Concrete UI
Model
Code Generatio
n
3D User Interface
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Select Element
Input
Slider
AIO Selection
25
Task and Domain Model
Based onGuidelines
Model to model
Abstract UI Model
Based onGuidelines
Model to Model
Concrete UI Model
Usability Advisor
AutomaticEvaluation
Refined Concrete UI
Model
Code Generatio
n
3D User Interface
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Graphical representation selection
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Task and Domain Model
Based onGuidelines
Model to model
Abstract UI Model
Based onGuidelines
Model to Model
Concrete UI Model
Usability Advisor
AutomaticEvaluation
Refined Concrete UI
Model
Code Generatio
n
3D User Interface
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February 4, 2010 - LLN PHD Public Defense
Automatic guidelines evaluation
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Task and Domain Model
Based onGuidelines
Model to model
Abstract UI Model
Based onGuidelines
Model to Model
Concrete UI Model
Usability Advisor
AutomaticEvaluation
Refined Concrete UI
Model
Code Generatio
n
3D User Interface
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Outline
1. Introduction2. State of the Art3. Methodology
1. Ontology2. Method3. Towards a UIDL for 3DUI4. Software for Supporting the Methodology
4. Validation5. Conclusion
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Language Engineering Approach
Semantics – Meta Models, UML Class diagrams
SyntaxAbstract – XML SchemaConcrete – XML
Stylistics – Different graphical representations of the concepts
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UsiXMLStructured accordingly to the Model Driven
paradigmUsiXML relies on a transformational
approach UsiXML allows the modification of the
developments stepsUsiXML allows reusing parts of previously
specified UsiXML is openFollows a Language Engineering Approach
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Outline
1. Introduction2. State of the Art3. Methodology
1. Ontology2. Method 3. Towards a UIDL for 3DUI4. Software for Supporting the Methodology
4. Validation5. Conclusion
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Task and Domain Model
Based onGuidelines
Model to model
Abstract UI Model
Based onGuidelines
Model to Model
Concrete UI Model
Usability Advisor
AutomaticEvaluation
Refined Concrete UI
Model
Code Generatio
n
3D User Interface
IdealXML
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Task and Domain Model
Based onGuidelines
Model to model
Abstract UI Model
Based onGuidelines
Model to Model
Concrete UI Model
Usability Advisor
AutomaticEvaluation
Refined Concrete UI
Model
Code Generatio
n
3D User Interface
YATE
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Task and Domain Model
Based onGuidelines
Model to model
Abstract UI Model
Based onGuidelines
Model to Model
Concrete UI Model
Usability Advisor
AutomaticEvaluation
Refined Concrete UI
Model
Code Generatio
n
3D User Interface
TransformiXML
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Task and Domain Model
Based onGuidelines
Model to model
Abstract UI Model
Based onGuidelines
Model to Model
Concrete UI Model
Usability Advisor
AutomaticEvaluation
Refined Concrete UI
Model
Code Generatio
n
3D User Interface
UsabilityAdvisor
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Task and Domain Model
Based onGuidelines
Model to model
Abstract UI Model
Based onGuidelines
Model to Model
Concrete UI Model
Usability Advisor
AutomaticEvaluation
Refined Concrete UI
Model
Code Generatio
n
3D User Interface
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Outline
1. Introduction2. State of the Art 3. Methodology
1. Ontology2. Method 3. Towards a UIDL for 3DUI 4. Software for Supporting the Methodology
4. Validation5. Conclusion
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Case Study
Complexity
Man/Month
LOC Context
Polling System
+ 6 6, 000VRML
Information Systems
Student TrainerSystem
+ 6 3, 000X3D
Information Systems
Haptic Browser
++ 4 (collaboration)
0 Information SystemsVisual Impair users
AHMI +++ 48 2, 000X3D10, 000 +Open GL
Information SystemsAeronautics
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• Polling System. Devoted to the development of an opinion polling system.
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• Hapget = 3D widget + haptic feedback
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• Haptic Browser- Google web site. Rendering of web site in the haptic web browser.
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• The AFMS is a text-only system that calculates the exact route of the aircraft along a given list of waypoints considering possible altitude, time or speed constraints.
• After a trajectory is generated and successfully negotiated with ATC the AFMS can generate input commands for the autopilot and thus control the aircraft in space and in time.
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• The AFMS application is controlled via the Advanced Human Machine Interface (AHMI), the main application of the target system to be investigated in the HUMAN project
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• Problems:• Discontinuity with
the rest of the environment
• Difficult to modify due to its Complexity
• Usability guidelines• Widgets have a 3D
nature in the context of a cockpit
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• Our goal is to provide a 3D Advanced Human Machine Interface.• New set of CUI models• Consolidation of
existing models• New application
domain• …
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External evaluation
0,00
1,00
2,00
3,00
4,00
5,00
6,00
7,00
SYSUSE INFOQUAL INTERQUAL OVERALL
Val
ue
Metric
CSUQ Perceived Methodology
High
Low
Mean
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External evaluation
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• Final rendering – Feedback from the haptic browser• Difficult recognition of some hapgets.• Lack of user preference adaptation• Limited exploitation of the haptic characteristics• Long sentences to provide a value• Size of hapgets• Speech recognition problems• Sound become annoying• Slow loading
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Outline
1. Introduction2. State of the Art 3. Methodology
1. Ontology2. Method 3. Towards a UIDL for 3DUI 4. Software for Supporting the Methodology
4. Validation 5. Conclusion
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We introduced a 3DUI Development Methodology articulated on three axes:
Models
Method
Language
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Models (More than 200 attributes, 90 classes, 100 relationships)
Task: Canonical list of task types and guidelines for task
modeling.
Domain Model: Improving existing Domain Model that will be
considered for the NexOF-RA the European standardization
process
AUI: Improving existing AUI Model that will be considered for
the NexOF-RA The European standardization process
CUI: Enriching CUI Model by adding haptic support,
separation of concerns 2D vs 3D by specialization. 3D support.
Hapgets (set of 3D widgets enhanced with haptic feedback)
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DomainModel
DomainSubModel
+subModelId
DomainElement
*
DomainItem
+itemId+itemType
DomainCollection
+collectionId+collectionType
Constraint
+condition
0..*
0..*
RelevanceExistence
DomainRelationship
FunctionalDependency
+semanticFunction
ValueConstraint
ReplicationConstraintCardinalityConstraint
Domain Model
AUI Model
Integrates 3DUI in the context of MBUI development Incubator group
Integrates new concepts to their ontology based on UsiXML
http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/model-based-ui/wiki/Main_Page
http://forge.morfeo-project.org/wiki_en/index.php/Interactive_Application_Models
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Methodological aspects adheres to the MDE paradigm. Models and transformations are explicitly defined and used (Around 85 transformations rules) Step 1: Task and concepts (T&C) definition
Task and Concepts Consolidation Selection of task types, items and user categories Guidelines of best-practices for structuring task models
Step 2: From T & C to Abstract UI (AUI) Model Identification of abstract UI structure Selection of AIC Spatio-Temporal arrangement of abstract interaction objects Definition of abstract dialog control Derivation of AUI to domain mappings
Step 3: From AUI to CUI Model Reification of AC into CC Selection of CICs Selection of the graphical representation of the CIC
Step 4: From CUI to FUI Model
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All aspects are stored in UsiXML files that can be exchanged, shared, and communicated between stakeholders (designers, developers, and end users).
Advantages of this language were discussed Modifiability Complexity Rigorous. Reasoning. Processable.
Adopt a Language Engineering Approach Semantics – Meta Models Syntax
Abstract – XML Schema Concrete – XML
Stylistics – Different graphical representations of the concepts Our contribution is independent of UsiXML
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Five Software modules are used to support the methodology. Conceptual definition of the tools. Supervising of their developmentTesting with our case studies the performance
of the toolsFinal rendering (48 men/month, more than
10, 000 LOC)
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Benefits from our methodology
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MDA Expected Benefits
Reducing the gap between requirements and implementation
Developer coordination. Dividing the system into several parts and defining interfaces between them
Well-structured systems. This facilitates implementation itself as well as maintenance.
Planning on adequate level of abstraction
Improved communication by visual models
Validation: (Semi-)Formal modeling languages enable automatic validation of the design
Documentation: Models can be used as documentation when maintaining the system.
Platform-independence. At least serve as starting point when implementing the system for a different platform
Enhanced productivity.
Expert knowledge can be put into the code generator
Reduction of errors
Knowledge about creation of modeling languages
Frameworks and tools
Maintenance of modeling language and transformations
Reuse of meta-models and transformations
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Future WorkExternal evaluation should be targeted to three:
designers, developers and users:User testing with control experiments in labsDesigner and developers
Extend the set of 3DUIs components. Integrated development Environment Explore Other dimensions of the Cameleon
frameworkExplore other context of use
Learning ObjectsAugmented reality
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Acknowledgements
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2004 20092007 20082005 2006
•UsiXML Consortium
•The Information Systems Research Unit
•The ALBAN program
•The CONACYT program
•The SIMILAR project
•The Human project
•The NexOF project
•The Itea 2 UsiXML project
•The Promep project
_____________PhD_____________________DEA_______
2010
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Q&A
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